scholarly journals Epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus is related to temperature and rainfall in equatorial tropical countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 2057-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. GAMBA-SANCHEZ ◽  
C. E. RODRIGUEZ-MARTINEZ ◽  
M. P. SOSSA-BRICEÑO
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The City

SUMMARYAlthough viral acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) are a major public health problem in tropical low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and there is growing evidence showing their relationship with meteorological parameters, studies performed in these countries are scarce. In an analytical cross-sectional study, we determined which of the main meteorological parameters (temperature, absolute humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and solar radiation) predicted respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity in a population of hospitalized children with ALRI during a 5-year period, from January 2009 to December 2013. Out of a total of 4559 children included in the study (mean age 9·2 ± 8·5 months), 2953 (64·8%) presented RSV infection during the 3-month period from March to May. In the multivariate analysis, after controlling for absolute humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation, temperature [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2·25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·11–4·53, P = 0·024], and rainfall (IRR 1·01, 95% CI 1·00–1·02, P = 0·044) were independently associated with the monthly number of RSV infections. In conclusion, in Bogota, the capital of a tropical LMIC lying slightly above the equator, RSV activity peaks in the 3-month period from March to May, the main rainy period of the year in the city. In addition, rainfall and temperature are the two most important meteorological parameters that are independently associated with RSV activity in hospitalized children with ALRI in the city.

scholarly journals A Single-Center Study of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Children From the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1878499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dlshad A. Hassan ◽  
Shwan K. Rachid ◽  
John Ziebuhr
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Viral respiratory infections are among the most common causes of disease in humans, particularly in young children, and remain a major public health problem worldwide. For many geographic regions, there is limited epidemiological information on the main causative agents of these diseases. In this article, we investigated, in a prospective study, the viral agents leading to acute respiratory disease in children younger than 15 years of age who were admitted to the pediatric emergency unit of a major teaching hospital in Erbil City, capital of the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Nasopharyngeal samples obtained from 269 hospitalized children were analyzed for viral respiratory pathogens using the xTAG Respiratory Virus Panel Fast assay, and the data were correlated with the clinical and demographic information available for these patients. One or more respiratory virus(es) were detected in 203 out of 269 (75.5%) samples. The most frequent viruses were enterovirus/rhinovirus (n = 88; 32.7%), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 55; 20.4%), and human metapneumovirus (n = 36; 13.4%). In 42 samples (15.6%), coinfections with 2 or more respiratory viruses were detected, with enterovirus/rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and adenovirus being identified as the most common agents in viral coinfections in these patients.

Relationship between meteorological conditions and respiratory syncytial virus in a tropical country

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 2679-2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. RODRIGUEZ-MARTINEZ ◽  
M. P. SOSSA-BRICEÑO ◽  
R. ACUÑA-CORDERO
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Syncytial Virus

SUMMARYThis study aimed to determine which meteorological conditions are associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) isolates in a population of children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in Bogota, Colombia. In an analytical cross-sectional study, links were examined between the number of monthly RSV infections and monthly average climatic variation (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, solar radiation) between 1 January 2010 and 30 April 2011 in a population of hospitalized children aged <3 years with ALRI caused by RSV. Out of a total of 1548 children included in the study (mean age 9·2 ± 8·5 months), 1194 (77·1%) presented RSV infection during the 3-month period from March to May. In the multivariate analysis, after controlling for wind speed, relative humidity, and solar radiation, monthly average temperature [incident rate ratio (IRR) 3·14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·56–6·30,P= 0·001] and rainfall (IRR 1·008, 95% CI 1·00–1·01,P= 0·048) were independently associated with the monthly number of RSV infections. In conclusion, in Bogota, a tropical Latin American city, average temperature and rainfall are the meteorological variables most strongly associated with RSV isolation in children hospitalized with ALRI in the city.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of hepatitis A virus infection in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Melo VILLAR ◽  
Vanessa Salete DE PAULA ◽  
Ana Maria Coimbra GASPAR
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
National Reference Center ◽  
The City

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection constitutes a major public health problem in Brazil. The transmission of HAV is primarily by fecal-oral route so the water is an important vehicle of HAV dissemination. There is a great incidence of acute cases of hepatitis A in some areas of Brazil however the seasonal variation of these cases was not documented. The aim of this study was to determine the seasonality of HAV infection in Rio de Janeiro. From January 1999 to December 2001, 1731 blood samples were collected at the National Reference Center for Hepatitis Viruses in Brazil (NRCHV). These samples were tested by a commercial enzyme-immunoassay to detect anti-HAV IgM antibodies. Yearly positive rates were 33.74% in 1999, 32.19% in 2000, and 30.63% in 2001. A seasonal variation was recognized with the highest incidence in spring and summer. Furthermore a seasonal increase in incidence of HAV infection was found during the rainy season (December to March) because the index of rains is very high. It is concluded that HAV infections occur all year round with a peak during hot seasons with great number of rains.

scholarly journals Clinical patterns and seasonal trends in respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in São Paulo, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. VIEIRA ◽  
Klaus E. STEWIEN ◽  
Divina A. O. QUEIROZ ◽  
Edison L. DURIGON ◽  
Thomas J. TÖRÖK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Group A ◽  
Clinical Patterns ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B

The respiratory viruses are recognized as the most frequent lower respiratory tract pathogens for infants and young children in developed countries but less is known for developing populations. The authors conducted a prospective study to evaluate the occurrence, clinical patterns, and seasonal trends of viral infections among hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract disease (Group A). The presence of respiratory viruses in children's nasopharyngeal was assessed at admission in a pediatric ward. Cell cultures and immunofluorescence assays were used for viral identification. Complementary tests included blood and pleural cultures conducted for bacterial investigation. Clinical data and radiological exams were recorded at admission and throughout the hospitalization period. To better evaluate the results, a non- respiratory group of patients (Group B) was also constituted for comparison. Starting in February 1995, during a period of 18 months, 414 children were included- 239 in Group A and 175 in Group B. In Group A, 111 children (46.4%) had 114 viruses detected while only 5 children (2.9%) presented viruses in Group B. Respiratory Syncytial Virus was detected in 100 children from Group A (41.8%), Adenovirus in 11 (4.6%), Influenza A virus in 2 (0.8%), and Parainfluenza virus in one child (0.4%). In Group A, aerobic bacteria were found in 14 cases (5.8%). Respiratory Syncytial Virus was associated to other viruses and/or bacteria in six cases. There were two seasonal trends for Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases, which peaked in May and June. All children affected by the virus were younger than 3 years of age, mostly less than one year old. Episodic diffuse bronchial commitment and/or focal alveolar condensation were the clinical patterns more often associated to Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases. All children from Group A survived. In conclusion, it was observed that Respiratory Syncytial Virus was the most frequent pathogen found in hospitalized children admitted for severe respiratory diseases. Affected children were predominantly infants and boys presenting bronchiolitis and focal pneumonias. Similarly to what occurs in other subtropical regions, the virus outbreaks peak in the fall and their occurrence extends to the winter, which parallels an increase in hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals The relationship of meteorological conditions to the epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. YUSUF ◽  
G. PIEDIMONTE ◽  
A. AUAIS ◽  
G. DEMMLER ◽  
S. KRISHNAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Relationship Of

SUMMARYOur aim was to obtain knowledge of how meteorological conditions affect community epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. To this end we recorded year-round RSV activity in nine cities that differ markedly in geographic location and climate. We correlated local weather conditions with weekly or monthly RSV cases. We reviewed similar reports from other areas varying in climate. Weekly RSV activity was related to temperature in a bimodal fashion, with peaks of activity at temperatures above 24–30°C and at 2–6°C. RSV activity was also greatest at 45–65% relative humidity. RSV activity was inversely related to UVB radiance at three sites where this could be tested. At sites with persistently warm temperatures and high humidity, RSV activity was continuous throughout the year, peaking in summer and early autumn. In temperate climates, RSV activity was maximal during winter, correlating with lower temperatures. In areas where temperatures remained colder throughout the year, RSV activity again became nearly continuous. Community activity of RSV is substantial when both ambient temperatures and absolute humidity are very high, perhaps reflecting greater stability of RSV in aerosols. Transmission of RSV in cooler climates is inversely related to temperature possibly as a result of increased stability of the virus in secretions in the colder environment. UVB radiation may inactivate virus in the environment, or influence susceptibility to RSV by altering host resistance.

Different meteorological parameters influence metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Darniot ◽  
Cécile Pitoiset ◽  
Laurine Millière ◽  
Ludwig Serge Aho-Glélé ◽  
Emmanuel Florentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Sensitivity of PM<sub>2.5</sub> to climate in the Eastern US: a modeling case study

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 4295-4309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dawson ◽  
P. J. Adams ◽  
S. N. Pandis
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Mixing Height ◽  
Sulfate Production

Abstract. The individual effects of various meteorological parameters on PM2.5 concentrations in the Eastern US are examined using the PMCAMx chemical transport model so that these effects and their relative magnitudes can be better understood. A suite of perturbations in temperature, wind speed, absolute humidity, mixing height, cloud cover, and precipitation are imposed individually on base case conditions corresponding to periods in July 2001 and January 2002 in order to determine the sensitivities of PM2.5 concentrations and composition to these separate meteorological parameters. Temperature had a major effect on average PM2.5 in January (−170 ng m−3 K−1) due largely to the evaporation of ammonium nitrate and organic aerosol at higher temperatures; increases in sulfate production with increased temperature counteracted much of this decrease in July. Changes in mixing height also had major effects on PM2.5 concentrations: 73 ng m−3 (100 m)−1 in January and 210 ng m−3 (100 m)−1 in July. Changes in wind speed (30 to 55 ng m−3 %−1) and absolute humidity (15 to 20 ng m−3 %−1) also had appreciable effects on average PM2.5 concentrations. Precipitation changes had large impacts on parts of the domain (a consequence of the base case meteorology), with sensitivities to changing area of precipitation in July up to 100 ng m−3 %−1. Perturbations in cloud cover had the smallest effects on average PM2.5 concentrations. The changes in PM2.5 concentrations resulting from changing all eight meteorological parameters simultaneously were approximately within 25% or so of the sum of the changes to the eight individual perturbations. The sensitivities of PM2.5 concentrations to changes in these meteorological parameters indicate that changes in climate could potentially have important impacts on PM2.5 concentrations.

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