scholarly journals Trends in rotavirus from 2001 to 2015 in two paediatric hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Sederdahl ◽  
J. Yi ◽  
R. C. Jerris ◽  
S. E. Gillespie ◽  
L. F. Westblade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Antigen Testing

AbstractWe compared rotavirus detection patterns before (2001–2006) and after (2008–2015) rotavirus vaccine introduction. We also compared rotavirus detection patterns in odd (2009, 2011, 2013, 2015) and even (2008, 2010, 2012, 2014) years post-vaccine separately. Results of stool rotavirus antigen testing from inpatient, outpatient and emergency department encounters from July 2000 to July 2015 at two paediatric hospital laboratories in Atlanta, Georgia were reviewed. Post-vaccine, rotavirus detection declined (30.2% vs. 13.7% (overall 54.6% decline, P <0.001)), occurred more frequently outside the rotavirus season (19.8% vs. 3.5%; P < 0.001), and was more common among older children (26 vs. 13 median months of age; P < 0.001). During odd years post-vaccine, rotavirus detection was significantly higher than even years (20.2% vs. 6.4%; P < 0.001). Rotavirus detection declined substantially and developed a biennial pattern in the post-vaccine era. The intensity and temporality of rotavirus detection in odd years post-vaccine resembled that observed pre-vaccine, although considerably reduced in magnitude.

scholarly journals Do hospital pressures change following rotavirus vaccine introduction? A retrospective database analysis in a large paediatric hospital in the UK

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e027739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Heinsbroek ◽  
Daniel Hungerford ◽  
Richard P D Cooke ◽  
Margaret Chowdhury ◽  
James S Cargill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveHospitals in the UK are under increasing clinical and financial pressures. Following introduction of childhood rotavirus vaccination in the UK in 2013, rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) hospitalisations reduced significantly. We evaluated changes in ‘hospital pressures’ (demand on healthcare resources and staff) following rotavirus vaccine introduction in a paediatric setting in the UK.DesignRetrospective hospital database analysis between July 2007 and June 2015.SettingA large paediatric hospital providing primary, secondary and tertiary care in Merseyside, UK.ParticipantsHospital admissions aged <15 years. Outcomes were calculated for four different patient groups identified through diagnosis coding (International Classification of Disease, 10th edition) and/or laboratory confirmation: all admissions; any infection, acute gastroenteritis and RVGE.MethodsHospital pressures were compared before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction: these included bed occupancy, hospital-acquired infection rate, unplanned readmission rate and outlier rate (medical patients admitted to surgical wards due to lack of medical beds). Interrupted time-series analysis was used to evaluate changes in bed occupancy.ResultsThere were 116 871 admissions during the study period. Lower bed occupancy in the rotavirus season in the postvaccination period was observed for RVGE (−89%, 95% CI 73% to 95%), acute gastroenteritis (−63%, 95% CI 39% to 78%) and any infection (−23%, 95% CI 15% to 31%). No significant overall reduction in bed occupancy was observed (−4%, 95% CI −1% to 9%). No changes were observed for the other outcomes.ConclusionsRotavirus vaccine introduction was not associated with reduced hospital pressures. A reduction in RVGE hospitalisation without change in overall bed occupancy suggests that beds available were used for a different patient population, possibly reflecting a previously unmet need.Trials registration numberNCT03271593

scholarly journals Adolescents’ pain and distress during peripheral intravenous cannulation in a paediatric emergency setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Cozzi ◽  
Marta Cognigni ◽  
Riccardo Busatto ◽  
Veronica Grigoletto ◽  
Manuela Giangreco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Paediatric Emergency ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe objective of the study is to investigate pain and distress experienced by a group of adolescents and children during peripheral intravenous cannulation in a paediatric emergency department. This cross-sectional study was performed between November 2019 and June 2020 at the paediatric emergency department of the Institute for Maternal and Child Health of Trieste, Italy. Eligible subjects were patients between 4 and 17 years old undergoing intravenous cannulation, split into three groups based on their age: adolescents (13–17 years), older children (8–12 years), and younger children (4–7 years). Procedural distress and pain scores were recorded through validated scales. Data on the use of topical anaesthesia, distraction techniques, and physical or verbal comfort during procedures were also collected. We recruited 136 patients: 63 adolescents, 48 older children, and 25 younger children. There was no statistically significant difference in the median self-reported procedural pain found in adolescents (4; IQR = 2–6) versus older and younger children (5; IQR = 2–8 and 6; IQR = 2–8, respectively). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the rate of distress between adolescents (79.4%), older (89.6%), and younger (92.0%) children. Adolescents received significantly fewer pain relief techniques.Conclusion: This study shows that adolescents experience similar pain and pre-procedural distress as younger children during peripheral intravenous cannulation. What is Known:• Topical and local anaesthesia, physical and verbal comfort, and distraction are useful interventions for pain and anxiety management during intravenous cannulation in paediatric settings. • No data is available on pain and distress experienced by adolescents in the specific setting of the emergency department. What is New:• Adolescents experienced high levels of pre-procedural distress in most cases and similar levels of pain and distress when compared to younger patients• The number of pain relief techniques employed during procedures was inversely proportional to patient’s age, topical or local anaesthesia were rarely used

Preparing for the Scale-up of Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S1-S5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Mwenda ◽  
Jacqueline E. Tate ◽  
A. Duncan Steele ◽  
Umesh D. Parashar
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction

Impact of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine on Rotavirus Hospitalizations among Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age in the Ouest and Artibonite Departments, Haiti, 2013 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Desormeaux ◽  
Eleanor Burnett ◽  
Gérard Joseph ◽  
Mentor Ali Ber Lucien ◽  
Negar Aliabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
The Impact

Rotavirus is responsible for 26% of diarrheal deaths in Latin America and the Caribbean. Haiti introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine in April 2014. The objective of this analysis is to describe the impact of the rotavirus vaccine on hospitalizations among Haitian children younger than 5 years old during the first 5 years after introduction. This analysis includes all children with diarrhea who were enrolled as part of a sentinel surveillance system at two hospitals from May 2013 to April 2019. We compare the proportion of rotavirus-positive specimens in each post-vaccine introduction year to the pre-vaccine period. To account for the potential dilution of the proportion of rotavirus-positive specimens from a waning cholera outbreak, we also analyzed annual trends in the absolute number of positive stools, fit a two-component finite-mixture model to the negative specimens, and fit a negative binomial time series model to the pre-vaccine rotavirus-positive specimens to predict the number of rotavirus diarrhea hospital admissions in the absence of rotavirus vaccination. The overall percentage of rotavirus-positive specimens declined by 22% the first year after introduction, increased by 17% the second year, and declined by 33% to 50% the subsequent 3 years. All sensitivity analyses confirmed an overall decline. We observed a clear annual rotavirus seasonality before and after vaccine introduction, with the greatest activity in December through April, and a biennial pattern, with high sharp peaks and flatter longer periods of increased rotavirus activity in alternating years, consistent with suboptimal vaccination coverage. Overall, our study shows evidence that the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine reduced the burden of severe rotavirus diarrhea.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and genotype diversity of norovirus infections among children aged <5 years following rotavirus vaccine introduction in Blantyre, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 104248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hungerford ◽  
Khuzwayo C. Jere ◽  
Naor Bar-Zeev ◽  
John P. Harris ◽  
Nigel A. Cunliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Genotype Diversity

scholarly journals Epidemiology of intussusception before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Fiji

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisita Tupou Ratu ◽  
Rita Reyburn ◽  
Evelyn Tuivaga ◽  
Asena Tuiketei ◽  
Kylie Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Global Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination on Diarrhea Hospitalizations and Deaths Among Children <5 Years Old: 2006–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1731-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Burnett ◽  
Umesh D Parashar ◽  
Jacqueline E Tate
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Since 2006, more than 100 countries have introduced rotavirus vaccine into their immunization programs. We reviewed published data on relative reductions of rotavirus hospitalizations, acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations, and AGE deaths among children &lt;5 years old. Methods Articles published from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2019 with at least 12 months of data before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction were included. Relative reductions were abstracted into a standardized form. Descriptive statistics are presented as medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs). Results We reviewed 1827 total records and included 105 articles from 49 countries. Among children &lt;5 years old, there was a median reduction of 59% (IQR, 46–74) in rotavirus hospitalizations, 36% (IQR, 23–47) in AGE hospitalizations, and 36% (IQR, 28–46) AGE mortality. Reductions were larger in countries with low child mortality, among younger age groups, and in countries with higher coverage. The median percentage of specimens that tested positive for rotavirus among children &lt;5 years old hospitalized for diarrhea was 40% (IQR, 28–45) before rotavirus vaccine introduction and 20% (IQR, 20–20) 4 years after introduction. Conclusions Overall, we found sustained impact on rotavirus and AGE hospitalizations and deaths. These results should encourage countries still considering rotavirus vaccine implementation.

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