scholarly journals Implications of a change in case definition and screening of asylum seekers for hepatitis B surveillance in Germany in 2015 and 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. von Laer ◽  
M. Diercke ◽  
M. an der Heiden ◽  
D. Altmann ◽  
R. Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Asylum Seeker ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
Case Number

Abstract Since 2015, the number of hepatitis B virus (HBV) cases increased substantially in Germany. In 2015, a more sensitive HBV case definition was introduced. This coincided with an asylum seeker influx with differing screening strategies. Information on the asylum seeker status has been collected since 09/2015. We investigated this increase to interpret HBV notification data in Germany. We compared HBV surveillance data from 2010–2013 (baseline) with 2015–2016, excluding 2014 due to beginning of asylum seeker influx. We estimated the excess above the mean case number (baseline) using Poisson regression and compared asylum seeker cases and the excess of cases with the unknown asylum seeker status. HBV cases increased from 1855 (mean baseline) to 3873 (2015) and 3466 (2016) with 1903 asylum seeker cases and 1099 excess-cases with the unknown asylum seeker status in 2015–2016. Cases only fulfilling the changed case definition increased from 60% (1119) in baseline to 81% (P < 0.01) in 2015–2016; 69% of asylum seeker cases and 61% of excess-cases were males <40 years compared to 27% (baseline) (P < 0.01). Changed case definition increased the number of cases in official statistics substantially. Demographic and geographical distributions suggest that screening of asylum seekers increased the case numbers even to a higher extent than surveillance data indicates.

Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the novel hepatitis B virus capsid assembly modulator GST-HG141 in healthy Chinese subjects: a first-in-human single- and multiple-dose escalation trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiyun Li ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Jiajia Mai ◽  
Lizhi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Capsid Assembly ◽  
Virus Capsid ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
Chinese Subjects

Background: Hepatitis B virus capsid assembly modulators (HBV CAMs) are promising, clinically validated therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of GST-HG141, a novel HBV CAM, were evaluated in healthy Chinese volunteers. Method: This phase Ia study included two parts: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled single-ascending-dose (SAD) (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg) study comprising a food-effect investigation (300 mg), and a multiple-ascending-dose (MAD) (100 or 200 mg BID) study. Result: GST-HG141 reached the maximum plasma concentration (C max ) at 1.25–3.00 h (median T max ). The exposure exhibited a linear increase, while the mean half-life (t 1/2 ) ranged from 13.096 h to 22.121 h. The exposure of GST-HG141 (300 mg) was higher after food intake by about 2.4-fold. In the MAD study, steady-state was reached at around day 5, and the mean trough steady-state concentrations were 423 and 588 ng/mL for 50 and 100mg cohorts, respectively. The ratios of GST-HG141 accumulation were <1.5. GST-HG141 was well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. The rates of adverse events (AEs) in the GST-HG141 cohort did not differ from those of the placebo cohort. Conclusion: GST-HG141 was tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. The safety and PK profiles of GST-HG141 support the further evaluation of its efficacy in individuals with CHB.

scholarly journals Time to seroconversion of HBsAg to anti-HBs in individuals who lost HBsAg during follow-up

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 2648-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. H. ROUSHAN ◽  
M. MOHAMMADPOUR ◽  
M. BAIANY ◽  
S. SOLEIMANI ◽  
A. BIJANI
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Hbsag Clearance ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cumulative Probabilities

SUMMARYTo determine the time to appearance of antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) after clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in chronically infected individuals, we followed up 3963 cases with positive antibody against hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) from 1991 to 2014. Of these, 101 (67 males, 34 females) lost HBsAg. These serocleared cases were checked every 6-month interval regarding HBsAg, anti-HBs, liver function tests, and liver sonography. Hepatitis B virus DNA was assessed at the time of seroclearance or the appearance of anti-HBs. The mean age of these patients at entry to this study was 34·4 ± 13 years. The mean follow-up duration until seroclearance of HBsAg was 6·6 ± 4·3 years. After the mean follow-up of 43·7 ± 45 months, anti-HBs appeared in 64 (63·4%) cases. The cumulative probabilities of anti-HBs appearance for 2, 5 and 10 years were 24·3%, 58% and 78·2%, respectively. The appearance of anti-HBs was associated with age ⩾35 years and seroclearance of HBsAg (hazard ratio 1·96, 95% confidence interval 1·32–3·38,P= 0·016) but not with sex. The results show that anti-HBs may develop in 78·2% of cases within 10 years of HBsAg clearance. Age ⩾35 years at HBsAg loss was associated with earlier development of anti-HBs.

scholarly journals Comparison of Telbivudine and Entecavir Therapy on Nephritic Function and Drug Resistance in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Compensated Cirrhosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huajiang Shen ◽  
Feng Ding ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Fang Sun ◽  
Yafeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Function Method ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Compensated Cirrhosis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background: To compare the impact of telbivudine (LDT) and entecavir (ETV) administration on nephritic function. Method: One hundred thirty patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related compensated cirrhosis were randomly divided into LDT (600 mg/d) or ETV (0.5 mg/d) groups. Results: The drug resistance rate was higher following LDT treatment compared to ETV treatment (16.9% vs. 1.5%, P=0.0006). The mean creatinine level decreased compared to baseline in the LDT group (0.81 vs. 0.94 mg/dl, P=0.000). The change in median glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to baseline in the LTD and ETV groups was 22.3 and -3.3, respectively, at 2 years (P=0.000). In patients with mild nephritic injury (eGFR< 90 ml/min/1.73m2), the median eGFR increased by 28.0 ml/min/1.73m2 in the LDT group and decreased by 4.3 ml/min/1.73m2 in the ETV group (p=0.000). The eGFR in 88.5% of patients (23/26) from the LDT group increased > 90 ml/min/1.73m2. The percentage of patients with an eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2 increased from 60.0% to 92.3% in the LDT group and from 64.6% to 69.2% in the ETV group. Conclusion: In patients with HBV-related compensated cirrhosis, LDT treatment was more effective in protecting nephritic function and was associated with a higher drug resistance rate, but did not contribute to a better outcome compared with ETV treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS CO-INFECTION ON CD4 CELL COUNT AND LIVER FUNCTION OF HIV INFECTED PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shakeel Ahamed ◽  
Dr. Geeta Parihar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function Test ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Mean

Background: Liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) is emerging as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Methods: This study is conducted in J. L. N. Medical College & Associated groups of Hospitals patients attending from ICTC (G). 500 samples are taken randomly from January 2018 to June 2018 Results: In the co-infected patients, ALT, AST and ALP were higher than normal. The mean serum level of ALT, AST and ALP were significantly higher in the co infected patients than in the HIV mono infected patients. The mean level of CD4+ count was significantly lower in the co infected patients than in the HIV mono infected patients. Conclusion: Hepatitis B virus co-infected HIV positive patients are more likely to have abnormal liver function test than the mono-infected patients. Keywords: HIV, Hepatitis B, CD4 count, co-infection

scholarly journals Crystal structure, Hirshfeld analysis and a molecular docking study of a new inhibitor of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV): ethyl 5-methyl-1,1-dioxo-2-{[5-(pentan-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2H-1,2,6-thiadiazine-4-carboxylate

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre V. Ivachtchenko ◽  
Sergiy M. Kovalenko ◽  
Dmitry V. Kravchenko ◽  
Oleg D. Mitkin ◽  
Vladimir V. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Potential System ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Mean

The title compound, C15H22N4O5S, was prepared via alkylation of 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(pentan-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole in anhydrous dioxane in the presence of triethylamine. The thiadiazine ring has an envelope conformation with the S atom displaced by 0.4883 (6) Å from the mean plane through the other five atoms. The planar 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring is inclined to the mean plane of the thiadiazine ring by 77.45 (11)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the b-axis direction. Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots have been used to analyse the intermolecular contacts present in the crystal. Molecular docking studies were use to evaluate the title compound as a potential system that interacts effectively with the capsid of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), supported by an experimental in vitro HBV replication model.

scholarly journals Automated Quantitative Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus DNA by Using the Cobas Amplicor HBV Monitor Test

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2793-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Noborg ◽  
Annkatrin Gusdal ◽  
Eva K. Pisa ◽  
Anders Hedrum ◽  
Magnus Lindh
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Linear Range ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Mean

A highly sensitive method of quantitative analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum, the Cobas Amplicor HBV Monitor (Cobas-AM) test, was evaluated. Following a manual extraction of viral DNA, amplification, colorimetric detection, and quantitative determination are all automatically performed in the Cobas analyzer. Serially diluted samples with known HBV DNA concentrations were analyzed blindly. All samples with a virus concentration of 400 copies/ml and 83% of samples with a virus concentration of 100 copies/ml could be detected. A linear correlation between input HBV DNA and measured HBV DNA was seen in the range from 100 to 105 copies/ml. The mean coefficient of variation was 29.6% for all input levels and 18.9% for HBV DNA concentrations above 400 copies/ml. Samples with an HBV DNA level above 109 copies/ml could be reproducibly measured after predilution to 10−4 or 10−6 in negative serum; however, the level was underestimated if target DNA after dilution was still above the linear range of the assay. Quantitative results of the Cobas-AM test were interchangeable with measurements by the manual microwell plate version of Amplicor HBV Monitor (MWP-AM); the mean ratio for log Cobas-AM results/log MWP-AM results was 0.97 (standard error of the mean, 0.007) when serum samples from 153 chronic carriers were analyzed. The test should be of value for clinical assessment of chronic carriers and for monitoring the response to antiviral treatment. A limitation is the relatively narrow linear range of the assay, requiring predilution of high-titer (mainly hepatitis B e-antigen-positive) samples.

scholarly journals Health professionals’ acceptance and willingness to pay for hepatitis B virus vaccination in Gondar City Administration governmental health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwule Abiye ◽  
Mezgebu Yitayal ◽  
Giziew Abere ◽  
Asefa Adimasu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
City Administration ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem. The burden of the disease is high in low and middle income countries like Ethiopia. However, for highly vulnerable groups such as health professionals, vaccination coverage is a major issue in the developing countries where health professionals are expected to pay for vaccination. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess health professionals’ acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) and associated factors for vaccination against HBV. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2017 in Gondar city administration governmental health institutions among 423 health professionals. Simple random sampling method was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected using self- administered questionnaire. Tobit model was used to analyze the determinants of WTP and the maximum amount of money the individuals might pay for HBV vaccination. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 423 health professionals (physicians, nurses, midwives, laboratory technicians/technologists, and others) participated in the study with a response rate of 100, and 62.4% of them were willing to pay for HBV vaccination. The mean amount of money the participants might pay for HBV vaccination was 325.83 ± 283.46 ETB (US$ 14.39 ± 12.52). The study indicated that the WTP for HBV vaccination of health professionals from health centers was 179.41 ETB less compared to health professionals from hospital. The WTP for HBV vaccination of the participants who had no experience of seeing previous patients with HBV was 157.87 ETB less compared to participants who had experience of seeing previous patients with HBV. As monthly income of the study participants increased by one ETB, the WTP was increased by 0.027 ETB. Conclusion The study revealed that the mean amount of money the participants might pay for HBV vaccination was much less than the market price for HBV vaccination. Type of workplace and experience of seeing/observing patients with HBV, and income were the predictors of WTP for HBV vaccination. Availing the vaccine with affordable cost in governmental health institutions may increase WTP of health professionals for HBV vaccination.

scholarly journals Reassessing the Role for Lamivudine in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Four-Year Cohort Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Shaikh ◽  
Curtis Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase Level ◽  
The Mean

The data supporting the use of antiviral agents other than lamivudine in the management of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are based on highly selected clinical trial populations that may not be representative of typical HBV-infected populations encountered in many clinics. Despite its limitations, however, lamivudine is relatively inexpensive and widely available and, in carefully selected patients, can still be successfully used to achieve long-term HBV suppression. This study investigated the long-term effectiveness of lamivudine in an adherent, frequently monitored, noninvestigational HBV-infected cohort.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Lamivudine is readily available and inexpensive. Guidelines recommend other antiviral medications because they achieve superior virological suppression with less resistance. These data are based on clinical trial populations and may not be representative of typical hepatitis B virus (HBV) populations. The authors assessed lamivudine in maintaining long-term viral suppression in an adherent, frequently monitored, noninvestigational HBV-infected population.METHODS: All HBV patients (n=369) between 2000 and 2010 were evaluated in a retrospective, single-centre study. Virological response was defined by complete suppression of HBV DNA (<400 copies/mL) and was assessed at six to 12 month intervals over four years. Enzymatic and serological outcomes, as well as treatment failures were assessed.RESULTS: Forty-seven patients (36 men; mean age 44 years, mean alanine aminotransferase level 123 U/L; METAVIR stage 3/4 [n=21], treatment naive [n=41]) received lamivudine 100 mg to 300 mg daily. The mean pretreatment viremia was 5.19 log10copies/mL, and was above the limit of detection (>6.91 log10copies/mL) in 11 patients (23%). The mean (± SD) dosing duration was 32±22 months. Virological suppression was achieved in 45 (96%) patients. Mean viremia declined to 3.06 log10copies/mL (n=27) and 2.68 log10copies/mL (n=18) at 12 and 48 months, respectively, with 78% and 88% with undetectable viremia at these time points, respectively. The mean alanine aminotransferase level declined to 31 U/L and 36 U/L at 12 and 48 months, respectively. Seven of 13 (54%) hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients seroconverted. The treatment failure rate was 11%.CONCLUSIONS: In a selected group of HBV patients, successful long-term viremia suppression was achieved with low treatment failure rates. With strict dosing adherence and monitoring for virological breakthrough, sustained virological suppression can be reliably achieved with lamivudine in carefully selected patients.

scholarly journals Control of Sexually Transmitted Disease: The Canadian Perspective

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl a) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Paul R Gully
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
Primary Prevention Strategy ◽  
Notification Data

The ability to control a disease depends on knowledge of its epidemiology. Such information on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can be ascertained by surveillance data involving the analysis of notification reports, as well as laboratory reports, hospital discharge data, and data from sentinel clinics and health units. In the case of sexually transmitted hepatitis B, notification data will probably have to be corroborated by data from sentinel clinics, health units or physicians. A vigorous attempt must be made to elucidate the mode of transmission in acute cases and newly discovered carriers. Appropriate treatment, contact tracing and primary prevention strategies appear to have had some success in controlling gonorrhea and syphilis. Rates of genital chlamydial infection may also be reduced by the same methods. These diseases will, however, persist in certain 'core groups'. Control of sexually transmitted hepatitis B will require a primary prevention strategy of risk reduction, sexual health promotion and immunization. Targeted immunization programs on their own are not Likely to work. Thus, universal immunization will probably be required along with public acceptance of immunization against STDs and appropriate human and financial resources. Reliable surveillance data will be required for program evaluation.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Hepatitis B Knowledge and Stigma on Screening in Canadian Chinese Persons

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Li ◽  
Taryn Tang ◽  
Matt Patterson ◽  
Michael Ho ◽  
Jenny Heathcote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Stigma Scale ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Canadian Chinese ◽  
Hepatitis B Screening ◽  
Knowledge Scale ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is endemic in East Asia, and those who emigrate to North America have higher rates of CHB infection when compared with the general population. To date, Chinese persons residing in Canada have not been mandated to be screened for CHB infection.OBJECTIVE: To understand factors that influence hepatitis B screening behaviour among the Chinese community in Toronto, Ontario, and to determine whether stigma acts as a barrier to screening.METHODS: Self-identified Chinese individuals at a family physician’s office and at English as a second language (ESL) classes in Toronto completed a questionnaire with demographic questions, a hepatitis B virus (HBV) stigma scale and an HBV knowledge scale. Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression techniques were used to analyze the data.RESULTS: The study group included 343 individuals. Their mean (± SD) age was 48.76±17.49 years and the majority were born in China (n=229 [68%]). The mean score on the HBV knowledge scale was 10.13±1.76 (range 0 to 15), with higher scores indicating greater HBV knowledge. The mean score on the stigma scale was 54.60±14.18 (range 20 to 100), with higher scores indicating more stigma. Being an immigrant, having a family physician and having greater knowledge of HBV were associated with increased rates of screening for this infection. In contrast, greater levels of HBV stigma were associated with decreased likelihood of screening for HBV infection.CONCLUSIONS: HBV stigma is associated with reduced rates of screening for this infection.

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