Abstract
Background
New therapies to achieve hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance are under development. However, gaps in knowledge exist in understanding the incidence and predictors of HBsAg clearance in a racially diverse HIV population.
Methods
We examined the incidence and risk of HBsAg clearance in a retrospective cohort of people living with HIV/HBV. Included patients had sufficient data to establish chronic infection based on CDC guidelines. We examined the incident rate for HBsAg loss and hazard rate ratios to evaluate predictors for HBsAg clearance in a multivariable model.
Results
Among the 571 HIV/HBV, 87% were male, 61% Black, 45% had AIDS, 48% HBeAg-positive, and median follow-up was 88 months. Incident HBsAg clearance was 1.5 per 100 person-years. In multivariate model, AIDS at baseline [adjusted hazard ratio [(aHR) 2.43, 95% CI:1.37,4.32 ], Hispanics (aHR 3.57, 95% CI: 1.33, 9.58), and those with injection drug use as an HIV risk factor (aHR, 3.35, 95% CI: 1.26, 8.89) were more likely to lose HBsAg whereas those who were HBeAg-positive (aHR 0.34, 0.19, 0.63) were less likely to lose HBsAg. Median change in CD4 cell count during the observation period was 231 cells/mm 3 in those with HBsAg loss vs. 112 cells/mm 3 in those with HBsAg persistence (p=0.004).
Conclusion
HBsAg loss occurs in about 10% of those with chronic HBV-infection. Hispanics, AIDS at baseline, injection drug use history, and HBeAg-negative status at baseline predicted the likelihood of HBsAg loss. Immune restoration may be a mechanism through which HBsAg loss occurs in HIV patients.