scholarly journals Determining the ideal prevention strategy for multidrug-resistance organisms in resource-limited countries: a cost-effectiveness analysis study

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yufeng Yuan ◽  
Likai Lin ◽  
Xiaodong Tan ◽  
Yibin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Resource Limited

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the most cost-effective strategy for the prevention and control of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in intensive care units (ICUs) in areas with limited health resources. The study was conducted in 12 ICUs of four hospitals. The total cost for the prevention of MDROs and the secondary attack rate (SAR) of MDROs for each strategy were collected retrospectively from 2046 subjects from January to December 2017. The average cost-effectiveness ratio (CER), incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and cost-effectiveness acceptability curve were calculated. Hand hygiene (HH) had the lowest total cost (2149.6 RMB) and SAR of MDROs (8.8%) while single-room isolation showed the highest cost (33 700.2 RMB) and contact isolation had the highest SAR of MDROs (31.8%). The average cost per unit infection prevention was 24 427.8 RMB, with the HH strategy followed by the environment disinfection strategy (CER = 21 314.67). HH had the highest iterative cost effect under willingness to pay less than 2000 RMB. Due to the low cost for repeatability and obvious effectiveness, we conclude that HH is the optimal strategy for MDROs infections in ICUs in developing countries. The cost-effectiveness of the four prevention strategies provides some reference for developing countries but multiple strategies remain to be examined.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Biaya Strategi DOTS Program Tuberkulosis antara Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit Swasta Kota Depok

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikrotul Ulya ◽  
Hasbullah Thabrany
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
Is Success ◽  
Tb Treatment

AbstrakAngka penemuan Tuberkulosis (TB) tahun 2016 adalah sebesar 77% di dunia, sebesar 46,5% di Asia Tenggara dan sekitar32 - 33% di Indonesia. Di Kota Depok angka penemuan TB mencapai 58%. Sektor swasta menjangkau 18,7% kasus TB di KotaDepok meskipun baru 40% RS swasta yang terlibat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan strategiDOTS di Rumah Sakit swasta Kota Depok lebih menghemat biaya dibandingkan di Puskesmas. Penelitian dilakukan selama 6bulan dengan kohort retrospektif di Puskesmas DOTS, RS DOTS dan RS Non DOTS menggunakan 36 sampel per kelompok.Penghitungan dari perspektif societal dengan microcosting berdasarkan tarif, harga pasar, serta nilai anggaran. Outputnyaangka pengobatan lengkap (Success Rate). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Success Rate di puskesmas paling tinggi yaitu86,1%, RS DOTS sebesar 77.78 % dan Non DOTS 63.89 %. Penambahan biaya provider terutama tenaga pelaksana khususdi puskesmas dan RS DOTS meningkatkan success rate. Biaya societal di puskesmas 42% dari biaya di RS swasta. ACER(Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio) menunjukkan RS yang melaksanakan strategi DOTS lebih cost effective. Untuk menaikkan1% angka kesuksesan pengobatan membutuhkan biaya Rp 10.084.572 dengan melakukan intervensi program DOTS ke RSSwasta. Uji t independen menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna biaya societal pengobatan tuberkulosis antarapuskesmas, RS DOTS, dan RS Non DOTS. AbstractGlobal TB notification rate at 2016 was 77% and 46.5% in Southeast Asia. Indonesia last 5 years still remain at 32-33% where DepokCity reached 58%. In Depok City, private sector contributed 18.7% of the notified TB case in 2016 although only 40% of privatehospitals were involved. The aims of this study is to determine cost-effectiveness of DOTS strategy implementation at private hospitaland Public Health Centre (PHC). Comparative study carried out for six months with cohort retrospective between PHC, DOTS andNon DOTS hospitals using 36 samples per group. The calculation of the societal perspective with microcosting based on tariffs, marketprices and budget value. Output is Success Rate, where at PHC 86.1%, DOTS hospital 77.78% and Non DOTS hospital 63.89%.The addition cost providers especially person in charge at PHC and DOTS hospital increase success rate. The cost of TB treatmentin PHC 42% of private hospital. ACER (Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio) is obtained that the hospital which carry out the DOTSstrategy is cost effective. To increase 1% success rate of TB treatment costs Rp 10,084,572 with intervention DOTS programs into aprivate hospital. An Independen t test stated that cost-effectiveness societal perspectives on TB treatment has a significant differencebetween PHC, DOTS hospital and Non DOTS hospital .

scholarly journals The cost‑effectiveness of hypertonic saline inhalations for infant bronchiolitis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jefferson buendia ◽  
Ranniery Acuña-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Lower Total Cost ◽  
The Cost

Abstract BackgroundPharmacological treatment for bronchiolitis is primarily supportive because bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics, show little benefit. Clinical studies have suggested that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution is useful for infants with bronchiolitis. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the HS inhalations in infant bronchiolitis in a tropical country Methods Decision tree analysis was used to calculate the expected costs and QALYs. All cost and use of resources were collected directly from medical invoices of 193 patient hospitalized with diagnosis of bronchiolitis in tertiary centers, of Rionegro, Colombia. The utility values applied to QALYs calculations were collected from the literature. The economic analysis was carried out from a societal perspective.ResultsThe model showed that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution, was associated with lower total cost than controls (US $200vs US $240 average cost per patient), and higher QALYs ( 0.92 vs 0.91 average per patient); showing dominance. A position of dominance negates the need to calculate an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.Conclusion The nebulized 3% hypertonic solution was cost-effective in the inpatient treatment of infant bronchiolitis. Our study provides evidence that should be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines and should be replicated to validate their results in other tropical countries.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of TB treatments to Burmese and Laotian patients by Thai hospitals on the border with Myanmar and Laos

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Onn Laingoen ◽  
Tawatchai Apidechkul ◽  
Panupong Upala ◽  
Ratipark Tamornpark ◽  
Chaleerat Foungnual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
The Cost

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) treatment and care in two Thai hospitals located on the borders with Myanmar and Laos. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective data collection was conducted to analyze all costs relevant to TB treatment and care from Mae Sai and Chiang Sean Hospitals. The cost related to TB treatment and care and the number of successful TB treatment from January 1 to December 31, 2017 were used for the calculation. The cost-effectiveness ratio (C/E) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were the outcomes. Findings In 2017, the total cost of the TB treatment and care program at Mae Sai Hospital was 482,728.94 baht for 57 TB patients. The cast per treated case per year was 8,468.93 baht. The C/E was 10,971.11 baht per successful TB treatment (44 successful cases). The total cost of the TB treatment and care program at Chiang Sean Hospital was 330,578.73 baht for 39 TB patients. The cost per treated case per year was 8,476.38 baht. The C/E was 22,038.58 baht per successful TB treatment (15 successful cases). The ICER was 5,246.56 baht. The Mae Sai Hospital model was more cost-effective in terms of the treatment and care provided to Burmese patients with TB than the Chiang Sean Hospital model for Laotian patients with TB. Originality/value To improve the cost-effectiveness of TB treatment and care programs for foreign patients in hospitals located on the Thai border, focus should be placed on patient follow-up at the community or village level.

scholarly journals The cost-effectiveness of hypertonic saline inhalations for infant bronchiolitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Antonio Buendía ◽  
Ranniery Acuña-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Lower Total Cost ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Pharmacological treatment for bronchiolitis is primarily supportive because bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics, show little benefit. Clinical studies have suggested that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution is useful for infants with bronchiolitis. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the HS inhalations in infant bronchiolitis in a tropical country. Methods Decision tree analysis was used to calculate the expected costs and QALYs. All cost and use of resources were collected directly from medical invoices of 193 patient hospitalized with diagnosis of bronchiolitis in tertiary centers, of Rionegro, Colombia. The utility values applied to QALYs calculations were collected from the literature. The economic analysis was carried out from a societal perspective. Results The model showed that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution, was associated with lower total cost than controls (US $200vs US $240 average cost per patient), and higher QALYs (0.92 vs 0.91 average per patient); showing dominance. A position of dominance negates the need to calculate an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Conclusion The nebulized 3% hypertonic solution was cost-effective in the inpatient treatment of infant bronchiolitis. Our study provides evidence that should be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines and should be replicated to validate their results in other tropical countries.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA (COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS) PENGOBATAN INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH MENGGUNAKAN ANTIBIOTIK SEFTRIAKSON DAN SEFOTAKSIM DI RS PARU ARIO WIRAWAN SALATIGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Kusumaning Wardhani ◽  
Ening Listyanti ◽  
Niken Dyahariesti ◽  
Richa Yuswantina
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis

Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) adalah keadaan dimana kuman bertumbuh dan berkembangbiak di dalam traktus urinarius dengan jumlah yang bermakna. ISK diobati dengan antibiotik yang menjadi salah satu kategori biaya yang signifikan dalam anggaran farmasi di rumah sakit. Antibiotik golongan Sefalosporin digunakan sebagai drug of choise dan dicari lebih cost-effective. Untuk menentukan terapi yang lebih cost-effective antara penggunaan Setriakson dan Sefotaksim pada pasien ISK di rawat inap di RS Paru Ario Wirawan Salatiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif.Dianalisis dengan metode CEA dengan parameter Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) dan Incremental Cost Effectiviness Ratio (ICER) dilihat dari outcome lama rawat inap. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 39 pasien diantaranya 22 pasien menggunakan Seftriakson dan 17 pasien menggunakan Sefotaksim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, nilai ACER kelas I Sefotaksim sebesar Rp. 454.353. Nilai ACER kelas II Sefotaksim sebesar Rp. 212.283 dan nilai ICER sebesar -Rp. 134.987/hari. Nilai ACER kelas III Seftriakson sebesar Rp. 268.366. Biaya antibiotik yang paling cost-effective pada kelas I adalah Sefotaksim, paling cost-effective pada kelas II adalah Sefotaksim, paling cost-effective pada kelas III adalah Seftriakson.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Biaya Strategi DOTS Program Tuberkulosis antara Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit Swasta Kota Depok

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikrotul Ulya ◽  
Hasbullah Thabrany
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio

Angka penemuan Tuberkulosis (TB) tahun 2016 adalah sebesar 77% di dunia, sebesar 46,5% di Asia Tenggara dan sekitar 32 - 33% di Indonesia. Di Kota Depok angka penemuan TB mencapai 58%. Sektor swasta menjangkau 18,7% kasus TB di Kota Depok meskipun baru 40% RS swasta yang terlibat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan strategi DOTS di Rumah Sakit swasta Kota Depok lebih menghemat biaya dibandingkan di Puskesmas. Penelitian dilakukan selama 6 bulan dengan kohort retrospektif di Puskesmas DOTS, RS DOTS dan RS Non DOTS menggunakan 36 sampel per kelompok. Penghitungan dari perspektif societal dengan microcosting berdasarkan tarif, harga pasar, serta nilai anggaran. Outputnya angka pengobatan lengkap (Success Rate). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Success Rate di puskesmas paling tinggi yaitu 86,1%, RS DOTS sebesar 77.78 % dan Non DOTS 63.89 %. Penambahan biaya provider terutama tenaga pelaksana khusus di puskesmas dan RS DOTS meningkatkan success rate. Biaya societal di puskesmas 42% dari biaya di RS swasta. ACER (Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio) menunjukkan RS yang melaksanakan strategi DOTS lebih cost effective. Untuk menaikkan 1% angka kesuksesan pengobatan membutuhkan biaya Rp 10.084.572 dengan melakukan intervensi program DOTS ke RS Swasta. Uji t independen menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna biaya societal pengobatan tuberkulosis antara puskesmas, RS DOTS, dan RS Non DOTS. 

scholarly journals The cost ‑effectiveness of hypertonic saline inhalations for infant bronchiolitis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jefferson buendia ◽  
Ranniery Acuña-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Lower Total Cost ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Pharmacological treatment for bronchiolitis is primarily supportive because bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics, show little benefit. Clinical studies have suggested that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution is useful for infants with bronchiolitis. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the HS inhalations in infant bronchiolitis in a tropical country Methods Decision tree analysis was used to calculate the expected costs and QALYs. All cost and use of resources were collected directly from medical invoices of 193 patient hospitalized with diagnosis of bronchiolitis in tertiary centers, of Rionegro, Colombia. The utility values applied to QALYs calculations were collected from the literature. The economic analysis was carried out from a societal perspective.Results The model showed that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution, was associated with lower total cost than controls (US $200vs US $240 average cost per patient), and higher QALYs ( 0.92 vs 0.91 average per patient); showing dominance. A position of dominance negates the need to calculate an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.Conclusion The nebulized 3% hypertonic solution was cost-effective in the inpatient treatment of infant bronchiolitis. Our study provides evidence that should be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines and should be replicated to validate their results in other tropical countries.

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness Kemoterapi Kombinasi Neoadjuvant Cisplatin - Paclitaxel Dibanding Cisplatin 5 Flourourasil Terhadap Respon Klinis pada Karsinoma Nasofaring

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Antono ◽  
Muyassaroh Muyassaroh ◽  
Alfian Sulaksana
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Chi Square

Latar belakang : Cisplatin merupakan regimen obat sitostatika pilihan pada karsinoma nasofaring. Kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant menghasilkan angka respon lebih tinggi pada KNF stadium lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui cost effectiveness kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant cis-pac dibanding cis-5FU terhadap respon klinis pada KNF. Metode : Penelitian deskriptif analitik rekam medik penderita KNF yang mendapatkan 3 siklus kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant cis  pac atau cis - 5 FU di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang periode Juni 2010 - Juli 2013. Analisis dengan uji Chi Square dan Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ACER). Hasil : Didapatkan 45 sampel, 25 mendapat kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant cis-pac dan 20 mendapatkan kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant cis-5FU. Respon klinis kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant cis-pac respon positif (65,7%) dan respon negatif (20%) lebih baik dibanding kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant cis5FU respon positif (34,3%) dan respon negatif (80%) (RP 1,533 dan 95% CI 1,05-2,233). Biaya kemoterapi kombinasi cis-pac lebih murah (86,7%) dibanding kemoterapi kombinasi cis-5FU (13,3%) (RP 5,200 dan 95% CI 1,324-20,416). ACER total biaya kemoterapi kombinasi cis-pac lebih cost effective (190.325,6) dibanding kemoterapi kombinasi cis-5FU (290.604,7). Simpulan : Respon klinis kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant cispac lebih baik dibanding kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant cis5FU. Pemberian kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant cis-pac lebih cost effective dibanding kemoterapi kombinasi neoadjuvant cis5FU.

scholarly journals Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Penggunaan Antihipertensi Tunggal pada Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kecamatan Danurejan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margala Juang Bertorio
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio

ABSTRAKHipertensi adalah penyakit yang terjadi akibat peningkatan tekanan darah. Penyakit hipertensi menjadi penyebab kematian yaitu sekitar 13% dari total kematian, prevalensi hampir sama besar baik di negara berkembang maupun negara maju. Jenis penyakit yang memerlukan terapi jangka panjang karena hipertensi suatu penyakit yang sulit disembuhkan tetapi dapat dikontrol. Dampak ekonomi perlu dilihat mengingat penggunaan obat antihipertensi secara jangka panjang. Penelitian farmakoekonomi merupakan proses identifikasi, pengukuran dan perbandingan biaya, akibat dan keuntungan suatu program pelayanan dan terapi, serta menentukan pilihan mana yang memberikan outcomes kesehatan terbaik untuk sumber yang diinvestasikan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan antihipertensi tunggal, rata-rata biaya terapi yang dikeluarkan pasien dan golongan antihipertensi yang paling efektif biaya. Penelitian bersifat observasional dengan rancangan potong lintang analitik secara retrospektif, populasi diambil dari populasi terjangkau berdasar kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Gambaran berdasar jenis kelamin paling banyak pada perempuan, berdasar usia pada kelompok lanjut usia akhir. Hasil penelitian didapati bahwa pasien paling banyak mendapat terapi hidroklorotiazid, yaitu sembilan pasien (43%) menggunakan hidroklorotiazid. Rata-rata biaya terapi antihipertensi paling rendah, yaitu pada penggunaan kaptopril Rp.2.857,14. Golongan antihipertensi yang paling efektif biaya adalah golongan Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor yaitu kaptopril. Nilai Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio terendah 33,32 (penggunaan kaptopril) dan nilai Incremental Cost Per Unit of Effectiveness Ratio 81,41 (penggunaan kaptopril ditambah hidroklorotiazid).Kata kunci : Analisis efektifitas biaya, Hipertensi, Antihipertensi tunggal, Puskesmas Kecamatan DanurejanHypertension is a disease that occurs due to an increase in blood pressure. Hypertension the cause of death approximately 13% of the total deaths, nearly as large prevalence in both developing countries and developed countries. Type of disease that requires long-term therapy for hypertension, a disease that is difficult to cure but can be controlled. Hypertension therapy needs to be viewed in terms of its economy because in the long term use. The study aims is to describe the use of a single antihypertensive, the average cost incurred therapy group patients and most cost effective antihypertensives. An observational study with cross sectional analytic design retrospective, population-based affordable drawn from a population inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overview by sex most of the women, based on the age of the elderly end. The results found that most patients received hydrochlorothiazide therapy, ie nine patients (43%) using hydrochlorothiazide. Average of the lowest cost of antihypertensive therapy, namely the use of captopril Rp.2.857,14. Most classes of antihypertensive cost effective is the class of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor that captopril. Lowest value of 33.32 Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio (using captopril) and 81.41 Incremental Cost per unit of Effectiveness Ratio values (use of captopril plus hydrochlorothiazide).Keywords: Cost effectiveness analysis, Hypertension, Single antihypertensive, Puskesmas Kecamatan Danurejan

scholarly journals The Cost ‑effectiveness of Hypertonic Saline Inhalations for Infant Bronchiolitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jefferson buendia ◽  
Ranniery Acuña-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Lower Total Cost ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Pharmacological treatment for bronchiolitis is primarily supportive because bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics, show little benefit. Clinical studies have suggested that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution is useful for infants with bronchiolitis. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the HS inhalations in infant bronchiolitis in a tropical country Methods Decision tree analysis was used to calculate the expected costs and QALYs. All cost and use of resources were collected directly from medical invoices of 193 patient hospitalized with diagnosis of bronchiolitis in tertiary centers, of Rionegro, Colombia. The utility values applied to QALYs calculations were collected from the literature. The economic analysis was carried out from a societal perspective. Results The model showed that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution, was associated with lower total cost than controls (US $200vs US $240 average cost per patient), and higher QALYs ( 0.92 vs 0.91 average per patient); showing dominance. A position of dominance negates the need to calculate an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Conclusion The nebulized 3% hypertonic solution was cost-effective in the inpatient treatment of infant bronchiolitis. Our study provides evidence that should be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines and should be replicated to validate their results in other tropical countries.

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