scholarly journals Molecular evidence of clonality amongst Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor during an outbreak in Malaysia

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. VADIVELU ◽  
L. IYER ◽  
B. M. KSHATRIYA ◽  
S. D. PUTHUCHEARY
Keyword(s):  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Dice Coefficient ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Pfge Profiles

Forty-three clinical strains of V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor were isolated between 3 May and 10 June 1998 during an outbreak in the metropolitan area of Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs. With the exception of three Inaba strains that were restricted to three members of a family, all the others belonged to the Ogawa serotype. The strains were analysed for clonality using ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Two ribotypes, V/B21a and B27, were identified among 40 Ogawa isolates using BglI restriction endonuclease. Ribotype V/B21a has been described previously from Taiwan and Colombia and several Asian countries while B27 has been reported among isolates from Senegal. The three Inaba strains belonged to one ribotype, designated type A, not previously reported. PFGE analysis using NotI revealed that all isolates within a ribotype had identical profiles demonstrating clonality amongst the strains. Dice coefficient analysis of the two Ogawa genotypes revealed 89% similarity on ribotype patterns and 91.3% on PFGE profiles. Ribotype V/B21a isolates were associated with cases from dispersed areas of Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs while ribotype B27 was restricted to cases from one particular area suggesting a common-source outbreak.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence that a Distinct Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor Strain in Calcutta May Have Spread to the African Continent

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Sharma ◽  
Amit Ghosh ◽  
A. Dalsgaard ◽  
Anita Forslund ◽  
R. K. Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
African Country ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
West African ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
African Continent ◽  
West African Country ◽  
The West ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

We present molecular evidence that a distinct genotype ofVibrio cholerae O1 which appeared in Calcutta, India, in September 1993 and which is characterized by a unique ribotype that is not found in the standardized ribotyping scheme of V. cholerae and that shows a specific pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile may have spread to the west African country of Guinea-Bissau where it was responsible for an epidemic of cholera which began in October 1994 and continued into 1996.

scholarly journals Typing of Listeria Monocytogenes Isolated from Slaughtered Cattle and Beef Meat

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dmowska ◽  
Kinga Wieczorek ◽  
Orla Lynch ◽  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pfge Profiles

Abstract A total of 135 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from slaughtered cattle and beef meat were tested by the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The AscI restriction analysis revealed a genetic heterogeneity among investigated isolates since 31, 9, and 35 profiles were distinguished among hide, carcass, and meat strains, respectively. The PFGE profiles of the isolates were also analysed in relation to serotypes, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance. It was shown that strains displaying the same PFGE type were of the same serotype while correlation between pulsotype and antimicrobial resistance was poor. The obtained results suggest that a cross-contamination between bovine hides and carcasses may occur during the slaughter process. Moreover, identification of identical PFGE types among L. monocytogenes found during a study period may suggest a common source of contamination or presence of persistent strains able to survive for a long time. These results emphasise the importance of molecular subtyping methods, including PFGE, in monitoring and tracking pathogen contamination along food chain.

scholarly journals Origin and Dissemination of Altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 Causing Cholera in Odisha, India: Two and Half Decade’s View

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Bhusan Pal ◽  
Dipti Ranjan Behera ◽  
Smruti Ranjan Nayak ◽  
Ashish Kumar Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Tribal Areas

The origin, spread and molecular epidemiology of altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera outbreaks/surveillance studies between 1995 and 2019 from different district of Odisha were analyzed. The stock cultures of V. cholerae O1 strains from 1995 to 2019 were analyzed through molecular analysis using different PCR assays and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The spread map (month, year and place) was constructed to locate the dissemination of altered El Tor variants of V. cholerae O1 in this region. A total of 13 cholera outbreaks were caused by V. cholerae O1 Ogawa biotype El Tor carrying ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes. The ctxB1 alleles of V. cholerae O1 mostly confined to the coastal areas, whereas the ctxB7 genotypes, though originating in the coastal region of Odisha, concentrated more in the tribal areas. The positive correlation between virulence-associated genes (VAGs) was found through Pearson’s correlation model, indicative of a stronger association between the VAGs. The clonal relationship through PFGE between ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes of V. cholerae O1 strains exhibited 80% similarity indicating single- or multi-clonal evolution. It is evident from this study that the spread of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae O1-altered El Tor was dominant over the prototype El Tor strains in this region. The origin of altered El Tor variants of V. cholerae O1 occurred in the East Coast of Odisha established that the origin of cholera happened in the Gangetic belts of Bay of Bengal where all new variants of V. cholerae O1 might have originated from the Asian countries.

Efficacy of Mini VIDAS for the Detection of Campylobacter spp. from Retail Broiler Meat Enriched in Bolton Broth, with or without the Supplementation of Blood

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2428-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIN LIU ◽  
SYEDA K. HUSSAIN ◽  
ROBERT S. MILLER ◽  
OMAR A. OYARZABAL
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Automated Immunoassay ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
Pfge Profiles

The goals of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of the mini VIDAS automated immunoassay chemistry system to detect Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat enriched in Bolton broth supplemented with lysed blood (B+B) or without blood (B–B), and to detect positive samples at 24 versus 48 h after enrichment. Retail broiler meat was enriched and tested for Campylobacter spp. with the mini VIDAS and with an agar plate. Isolates were speciated with a multiplex PCR and typed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to evaluate relatedness of isolates collected from subsamples enriched in B+B or B–B. The number of Campylobacter-positive samples by mini VIDAS was similar (P > 0.05) to the results found with traditional plating media for naturally contaminated broiler meat, regardless of whether the comparison was made between B+B and B–B, or among different meat products (breast, tenders, and thighs). More positive samples were found at 48 h of enrichment than at 24 h of enrichment (P < 0.05). A Campylobacter jejuni:Campylobacter coli ratio of 4:1 was found in this study. Most of the isolates from both subsamples (B+B and B–B) were similar or identical by PFGE analysis, except for a few samples in which the PFGE profiles of the isolates from the subsamples were different. Mini VIDAS allowed for the detection of Campylobacter spp. within 48 h after enrichment. However, the sensitivity is similar to plate media, and retail broiler samples need to be enriched for 48 h to avoid false negatives.

scholarly journals Survey of Vibrio cholerae O1 and its survival over the winter in marine water of Port of Osaka

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. MIYAGI ◽  
T. NAKANO ◽  
T. YAGI ◽  
M. HANAFUSA ◽  
S. IMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

The survey of Vibrio cholerae O1 in marine area was carried out in the Port of Osaka, Japan in 1987–2001, and 51 V. cholerae O1 strains were isolated. All strains were identified to be of El Tor biotype, Ogawa serotype and classic Ubon Kappa-phage type, and were cholera toxin (CT)-negative and CT gene-negative. In order to clarify certain ecological aspects of V. cholerae O1 in the marine environment of the temperate zone, we performed molecular analysis of the isolated strains using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with NotI and SfiI restriction enzymes. We found the indistinguishable strains by DNA analysis using PFGE with strains passed for 1 year, and also found the closely related strains with that passed for 3 and 12 years. Those results indicated that V. cholerae O1 can survive over one winter at least, and that it survives in marine water for a long time by undergoing continuous mutation.

scholarly journals Multilocus genetic analysis reveals that the Australian strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 are similar to the pre-seventh pandemic strains of the El Tor biotype

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashrafus Safa ◽  
Nurul A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Denise Murphy ◽  
John Bates ◽  
Suraia Nusrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Environmental Reservoir ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
El Tor

Episodes of cholera stemming from indigenous Vibrio cholerae strains in Australia are mainly associated with environmental sources. In the present study, 10 V. cholerae O1 strains of Australian origin were characterized. All of the strains were serogroup O1 and their conventional phenotypic traits categorized them as belonging to the El Tor biotype. Genetic screening of 12 genomic regions that are associated with virulence in V. cholerae showed variable results. Analysis of the ctxAB gene showed that the Australian environmental reservoir contains both toxigenic and non-toxigenic V. cholerae strains. DNA sequencing revealed that all of the toxigenic V. cholerae strains examined were of ctxB genotype 2. Whole genome PFGE analysis revealed that the environmental toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains were more diverse than the non-toxigenic environmental O1 strains, and the absence of genes that make up the Vibrio seventh pandemic island-I and -II in all of the strains indicates their pre-seventh pandemic ancestry.

scholarly journals Emergence of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor Serotype Inaba from the Prevailing O1 Ogawa Serotype Strains in India

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 4249-4253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Garg ◽  
Ranjan K. Nandy ◽  
Papiya Chaudhury ◽  
Nandini Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Keya De ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

The toxigenic Inaba serotype of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor reappeared in India in 1998 and 1999, almost 10 years after its last dominance in Calcutta in 1989. Extensive molecular characterization by ribotyping, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated that recent Inaba strains are remarkably different from the earlier Inaba strains but are very similar to the prevailing V. choleraeO1 Ogawa El Tor biotype strains. The antibiograms of the Inaba strains were also similar to those of the recent V. cholerae Ogawa strains. These V. cholerae O1 Inaba strains appear to have evolved from the currently prevailing Ogawa strains and are likely to dominate in the coming years.

scholarly journals Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis-Based Molecular Comparison of Vibrio cholerae O1 Isolates from Domestic and Imported Cases of Cholera in Japan

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 424-426
Author(s):  
Eiji Arakawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Murase ◽  
Shigeru Matsushita ◽  
Toshio Shimada ◽  
Shiro Yamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Molecular Comparison ◽  
Pulse Type ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT Sixty-seven Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates (36 domestic and 31 imported) were classified into 19 subtypes by Not I- and Sfi I-digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Twenty-five of 36 domestic and 4 imported isolates were assigned to a Not I-A1– Sfi I-A1 subtype, suggesting that this pulse type is widely distributed in Asia and Japan.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence favouring step-wise evolution of Mozambique Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor hybrid strain

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpataru Halder ◽  
Bhabatosh Das ◽  
G. Balakrish Nair ◽  
Rupak K. Bhadra
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Hybrid Strain ◽  
Repeat Sequences ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Ctx Prophage ◽  
El Tor

The ctxAB operon, encoding cholera toxin (CT) in Vibrio cholerae, is carried by the genome of a filamentous phage, CTXΦ. Usually, specific CTXΦ infect each of the two important biotypes, classical and El Tor, of epidemic V. cholerae strains belonging to serogroup O1, and are called CTXclassΦ and CTXETΦ, respectively. However, an unusual hybrid El Tor strain carrying CTXclassΦ caused the cholera epidemic in Mozambique in 2004. To understand the evolution of that strain, we have further analysed some representative hybrid El Tor strains isolated in Kolkata, India, in 1992, and the results indicate that both the Mozambique and the Indian strains are infected with a unique CTXclassΦ having only four copies of the tandem heptamer repeat sequence 5′-TTTTGAT-3′ present in the ctxAB promoter (P ctxAB ) region, like in CTXETΦ. Usually, the P ctxAB of the classical biotype contains seven to eight copies of such sequences. However, sequence analyses of the P ctxAB regions of several classical strains indicated that the copy number of heptamer repeat sequences might vary from four to eight copies, which was previously unknown. Since the hybrid strains analysed in this study carry four copies of the heptamer sequences, it may thus serve as a marker to trace the strain in future. Interestingly, while the Mozambique strain is devoid of an El Tor-specific free RS1 element or pre-CTX prophage, the Indian hybrid strains carry such elements. The free RS1 has been mapped, cloned and sequenced. As in pre-CTX and CTX prophages, multiple copies of free RS1 elements were found to be integrated in tandem in the large chromosomal dif site. Since Indian hybrid El Tor strains carry either free RS1 or pre-CTX prophage in their large chromosomes, it is possible that the Mozambique hybrid El Tor strain has evolved from these progenitor strains by step-wise deletion of CTX genetic elements from their large chromosomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document