Periphyton diversity in two different Antarctic lakes assessed using metabarcoding

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Paulo E.A.S. Câmara ◽  
Láuren M.D. De Souza ◽  
Otávio Henrique Bezerra Pinto ◽  
Peter Convey ◽  
Eduardo T. Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Antarctic Lakes ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Antarctic lakes have generally simple periphyton communities when compared with those of lower latitudes. To date, assessment of microbial diversity in Antarctica has relied heavily on traditional direct observation and cultivation methods. In this study, sterilized cotton baits were left submerged for two years in two lakes on King George Island and Deception Island, South Shetland Islands (Maritime Antarctic), followed by assessment of diversity by metabarcoding using high-throughput sequencing. DNA sequences of 44 taxa belonging to four kingdoms and seven phyla were found. Thirty-six taxa were detected in Hennequin Lake on King George Island and 20 taxa were detected in Soto Lake on Deception Island. However, no significant difference in species composition was detected between the two assemblages (Shannon index). Our data suggest that metabarcoding provides a suitable method for the assessment of periphyton biodiversity in oligotrophic Antarctic lakes.

Exploring the plant environmental DNA diversity in soil from two sites on Deception Island (Antarctica, South Shetland Islands) using metabarcoding

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Micheline Carvalho-Silva ◽  
Luiz Henrique Rosa ◽  
Otávio H.B. Pinto ◽  
Thamar Holanda Da Silva ◽  
Diego Knop Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
First Time ◽  
Impacted Site

Abstract The few Antarctic studies to date to have applied metabarcoding in Antarctica have primarily focused on microorganisms. In this study, for the first time, we apply high-throughput sequencing of environmental DNA to investigate the diversity of Embryophyta (Viridiplantae) DNA present in soil samples from two contrasting locations on Deception Island. The first was a relatively undisturbed site within an Antarctic Specially Protected Area at Crater Lake, and the second was a heavily human-impacted site in Whalers Bay. In samples obtained at Crater Lake, 84% of DNA reads represented fungi, 14% represented Chlorophyta and 2% represented Streptophyta, while at Whalers Bay, 79% of reads represented fungi, 20% represented Chlorophyta and < 1% represented Streptophyta, with ~1% of reads being unassigned. Among the Embryophyta we found 16 plant operational taxonomic units from three Divisions, including one Marchantiophyta, eight Bryophyta and seven Magnoliophyta. Sequences of six taxa were detected at both sampling sites, eight only at Whalers Bay and two only at Crater Lake. All of the Magnoliophyta sequences (flowering plants) represent species that are exotic to Antarctica, with most being plausibly linked to human food sources originating from local national research operator and tourism facilities.

scholarly journals Present-Day Glaciation in the South Shetland Islands

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Orheim ◽  
L.S. Govorukha
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Equilibrium Line ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Ablation Area ◽  
Livingston Island ◽  
Annual Balance

This paper presents mass-balance results from Deception Island for 1968–69 to 1973–74, from King George Island for the balance years 1969–70 and 1970–71, and from Livingston Island from 1971–72 to 1973–74. The accumulation areas of all localities are in the soaked fades, with a firn/ice transition at King George Island at 12 to 20 m depth. Of the glaciers studied, only “Gl” on Deception Island terminates wholly on land and has a relatively large ablation area. The mass-balance curves are similar for King George Island and Livingston Island, with equilibrium lines at around 150 m elevation. “Gl“ on Deception Island has more negative summer balances, and the equilibrium line ranged from 275 to 370 m during the six balance years. Here, there were no years of positive net mass balance, and large negative net values during the 1970–71 to 1972–73 balance years. This resulted from a lowered albedo caused by ash from the August 1970 eruption. Ash layers from the Deception Island eruptions are also observed on Livingston Island and King George Island, where they form stratigraphic markers in the accumulation areas of the glaciers. Annual balance variations from 1957–58 to 1970–71, based on stratigraphic studies at Deception Island and King George Island, show good correlations, indicating that the variations reflect changes in regional climate.

scholarly journals Two additions to the moss flora of the South Shetland Islands in the maritime Antarctic

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wierzgoń ◽  
Tomasz Suchan ◽  
Michał Ronikier
Keyword(s):  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Glacial Cover ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
First Time

<em>Tortella fragilis</em> (Drumm.) Limpr. (Pottiaceae) and <em>Bryum nivale</em> Müll. Hal. (Bryaceae) are recorded for the first time from the South Shetland Islands in the northern maritime Antarctic. They were discovered in the Admiralty Bay area on King George Island, the largest island of this archipelago. The two species are briefly characterized morphologically, their habitats are described, and their distribution in the Antarctic is mapped. Discovery of these species has increased the documented moss flora of King George Island to 67 species, strengthening it in the leading position among individual areas with the richest diversity of moss flora in Antarctica. Likewise, <em>T. fragilis</em> and <em>B. nivale</em> represent remarkable additions to the moss flora of the South Shetland Islands, which currently consists of 92 species and one variety, making this archipelago by far the richest bryofloristically amongst large geographic regions of the Antarctic. Comparison of recent (2018) and old (1985) photographs revealed a significant retreat of glacial cover and suggests that the collection site was likely opened for colonization only within the last several decades. The record of <em>T. fragilis</em> is biogeographically relevant, and constitutes an intermediate site between the species’ occurrences in the Antarctic Peninsula and southern South America. The present record of <em>B. nivale</em> is the fourth discovery of the species worldwide, which may be helpful for the future designation of the distribution of this extremely rare species.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Trichocera maculipennis, an invasive fly species in the Maritime Antarctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 6379-6384
Author(s):  
Marta Potocka ◽  
Ewa Krzemińska ◽  
Robert Gromadka ◽  
Jan Gawor ◽  
Joanna Kocot-Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Fragile Environment ◽  
First Time

Abstract Trichocera maculipennis, an invasive Diptera, was described for the first time in Antarctica in 2006 in a sewage system of one of the scientific stations on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, and started to increase its distribution within the island. To date, only taxonomical description of this species, based on morphological data has been available, as there were no molecular data recorded. In the present study, we present two methods of molecular identification of this species—based on partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) genes. An appropriate and easy-to-use assay for proper and fast identification of invasive species is a key requirement for further management decisions, especially in such a fragile environment as found in terrestrial Antarctica.

Aulacoseira glubokoyensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new centric diatom from the Maritime Antarctic region

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 328 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
ANNA BEATRIZ JONES OAQUIM ◽  
GLEYCI A.O. MOSER ◽  
HEITOR EVANGELISTA ◽  
MARCUS VINÍCIUS LICÍNIO ◽  
BART VAN DE VIJVER
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Centric Diatom ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Fildes Peninsula ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new centric diatom, Aulacoseira glubokoyensis sp. nov., is described from the Maritime Antarctic region. The morphology of the species is illustrated using detailed light and scanning electron microscopy observations. Its main discriminating features include the presence of typical irregularly shaped dendritic spines, at least two rimoportulae, marginal striae on the discus and a very large Ringleiste. The new species is compared to similar species worldwide. Aulacoseira glubokoyensis has only been observed in a sediment core taken from Profound Lake on the Fildes Peninsula (King George Island, South Shetland Islands).

scholarly journals Associated fauna of Prasiola crispa (Chlorophyta) related to penguin rookery at arctowski (King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctic)

2010 ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
Adriana Galindo Dalto ◽  
Geyze Magalhães de Faria ◽  
Caio Amitrano de Alencar Imbassahy ◽  
Tais Maria de Souza Campos ◽  
Yocie Yoneshigue-Valentin
Keyword(s):  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Prasiola Crispa

Present-Day Glaciation in the South Shetland Islands

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Orheim ◽  
L.S. Govorukha
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Equilibrium Line ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Ablation Area ◽  
Livingston Island ◽  
Annual Balance

This paper presents mass-balance results from Deception Island for 1968–69 to 1973–74, from King George Island for the balance years 1969–70 and 1970–71, and from Livingston Island from 1971–72 to 1973–74.The accumulation areas of all localities are in the soaked fades, with a firn/ice transition at King George Island at 12 to 20 m depth. Of the glaciers studied, only “Gl” on Deception Island terminates wholly on land and has a relatively large ablation area.The mass-balance curves are similar for King George Island and Livingston Island, with equilibrium lines at around 150 m elevation. “Gl“ on Deception Island has more negative summer balances, and the equilibrium line ranged from 275 to 370 m during the six balance years. Here, there were no years of positive net mass balance, and large negative net values during the 1970–71 to 1972–73 balance years. This resulted from a lowered albedo caused by ash from the August 1970 eruption. Ash layers from the Deception Island eruptions are also observed on Livingston Island and King George Island, where they form stratigraphic markers in the accumulation areas of the glaciers.Annual balance variations from 1957–58 to 1970–71, based on stratigraphic studies at Deception Island and King George Island, show good correlations, indicating that the variations reflect changes in regional climate.

Components of the energy balance of the ground surface and their effect on the thermics of the substrata of the vegetation oasis at Henryk Arctowski Station, King George Island, South Shetland Islands

Polar Record ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (196) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Prosek ◽  
M. Janouch ◽  
K. Láska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Shetland Islands

AbstractThis article presents the results of measurements of the components of ground-surface energy balance (radiation balance, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and ground heat flux) taken during the 1994/95 summer season at Poland's Henryk Arctowski Station, King George Island, South Shetland Islands (62°09'42”S, 58°28'10”W). This was the first time that these complex measurements had been taken in the central part of the South Shetlands archipelago. The results are evaluated at the level of daily and seasonal fluctuations. The consequences of energy balance on the temperature conditions of the soil substrata are highlighted. The verification of the degree of influence of a subset of energy-balance components on soil temperature allowed analysis of the relationships among soil temperature, radiation balance, and sensible heat flux. This analysis leads to the conclusion that there is a rapid reaction of the soil temperature to the radiation balance and sensible heat flux to a depth of 5 cm. The boundary atmosphere and soil substrate represent the basic components of the ecotops of the Antarctic vegetation oasis, so these results are interpreted in pedological or botanical studies in the search for environmental influences on the vegetation.

A new Antarctic foraminiferal species for detecting climate change in sub-Recent glacier-proximal sediments

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Majewski ◽  
Andrzej Tatur
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Tidewater Glaciers ◽  
Admiralty Bay ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Foraminiferal Species ◽  
Water Depths

AbstractCribroelphidium webbi sp. nov. is the only adequately described sub-Recent elphidiid foraminifer from Antarctica. In Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetland Islands), it is found at several locations within inner fiord setting at water depths between 33 and 165 m, but most commonly shallower than 100 m. In outer basins this foraminifer is absent. In the cores analysed, C. webbi sp. nov. is present in well-constrained sub-Recent horizons that are clearly related to climate warming and deglaciation. These horizons represent a diachronous facies marker rather than a single stratigraphic layer. Cribroelphidium webbi sp. nov. shows clear association with retreating tidewater glaciers, therefore it is an important sensitive glacier-proximal indicator. It appears that it shares similar ecologic affinities with Cribroelphidium excavatum clavatum, which is widely distributed throughout the Arctic.

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