Female and male usage of pragmatic expressions in same-sex and mixed-sex interaction

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Erman
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
British English ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

ABSTRACTThe present study focuses on the use of the three pragmatic expressions (you know, you see, and I mean) by female and male British English speakers. The aim of the study is two-fold: first, to establish actual differences in usage between men and women over a number of functions of the three pragmatic expressions; second, to find out whether such differences could be correlated to same-sex as opposed to mixed-sex interaction. The results of my investigation show that there are gender-specific differences in the use of pragmatic expressions. Some of the more salient differences were that the women tended to use pragmatic expressions between complete propositions to connect consecutive arguments, whereas the men preferred to use them either as attention-drawing devices or to signal repair work. The two groups also showed differences from the point of view of absolute frequencies, so that, generally speaking, the men used the expressions about 25% more often than the women and in some contexts up to twice as much. The results also point to the use of pragmatic expressions being largely dependent on whether the conversation takes place in a same-sex or in a mixed-sex environment, so that they tend to be used more sparingly in mixed-sex as compared to same-sex interaction.

Gender-specific differences in the expression of selenoproteins in mammals

2005 ◽  
Vol 113 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Riese ◽  
F Streckfuss ◽  
U Schweizer ◽  
J Köhrle ◽  
L Schomburg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

Gender-specific differences in the pattern of gene expression during post-MI remodeling

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bauer ◽  
G Mitterer ◽  
W Dietl ◽  
K Trescher ◽  
E Wolner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

My questions about emotionally focused couple therapy (EFT) and a few answers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Anne Power
Keyword(s):  
Object Relations ◽  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Heterosexual Couple ◽  
Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy ◽  
Emotionally Focused ◽  
Do So

This article provides a brief overview of emotionally focused couple therapy (EFT) along with some reservations about the method. The article considers questions and critiques which are often raised about the model and does so from the point of view of a practitioner new to the method, who has become convinced of the value of the approach whilst not wanting to jettison an object relations understanding. The segregation between different groups of attachment researchers and practitioners is noted. To provide variation I occasionally use the term "marital" but I do so loosely, referring to a couple bond rather than to a wedded pair. The systemic pattern between a pursuer and a withdrawer which is discussed here could refer to a same-sex or a heterosexual couple, despite the different gender alignments which operate in each case.

scholarly journals Bugs That Can Resist Antibiotics but Not Men: Gender-Specific Differences in Notified Infections and Colonisations in Germany, 2010–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Michael Brandl ◽  
Alexandra Hoffmann ◽  
Niklas Willrich ◽  
Annicka Reuss ◽  
Felix Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Federal State ◽  
German Population ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
Gender Specific

Data from surveillance networks show that men have a higher incidence rate of infections with anti-microbial-resistant (AMR) pathogens than women. We systematically analysed data of infections and colonisations with AMR pathogens under mandatory surveillance in Germany to quantify gender-specific differences. We calculated incidence-rates (IR) per 100,000 person–years for invasive infections with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and for infections or colonisations with carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter spp. (CRA), and Enterobacterales (CRE), using the entire German population as a denominator. We limited the study periods to years with complete notification data (MRSA: 2010–2019, CRA/CRE: 2017–2019). We used Poisson regression to adjust for gender, age group, federal state, and year of notification. In the study periods, IR for all notifications were 4.2 for MRSA, 0.90 for CRA, and 4.8 for CRE per 100,000 person-–years. The adjusted IR ratio for infections of men compared to women was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–2.3) for MRSA, 2.2 (95%CI: 1.9–2.7) for CRA, and 1.7 (95%CI: 1.6–1.8) for CRE. Men in Germany show about double the risk for infection with AMR pathogens than women. This was also true for colonisations, where data were available. Screening procedures and associated hygiene measures may profit from a gender-stratified approach.

Sexual identity, sexual attraction and sexual experience: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Richters ◽  
Dennis Altman ◽  
Paul B. Badcock ◽  
Anthony M. A. Smith ◽  
Richard O. de Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sex Attraction

Background Behavioural and other aspects of sexuality are not always consistent. This study describes the prevalence and overlap of same-sex and other-sex attraction and experience and of different sexual identities in Australia. Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 20 094 men and women aged 16–69 years recruited by landline and mobile phone random-digit dialling with a response rate (participation rate among eligible people) of 66.2%. Respondents were asked about their sexual identity (‘Do you think of yourself as’ heterosexual/straight, homosexual/gay, bisexual, etc.) and the sex of people with whom they had ever had sexual contact and to whom they had felt sexually attracted. Results: Men and women had different patterns of sexual identity. Although the majority of people identified as heterosexual (97% men, 96% women), women were more likely than men to identify as bisexual. Women were less likely than men to report exclusively other-sex or same-sex attraction and experience; 9% of men and 19% of women had some history of same-sex attraction and/or experience. Sexual attraction and experience did not necessarily correspond. Homosexual/gay identity was more common among men with tertiary education and living in cities and less common among men with blue-collar jobs. Many gay men (53%) and lesbians (76%) had some experience with an other-sex partner. More women identified as lesbian or bisexual than in 2001–02. Similarly, more women reported same-sex experience and same-sex attraction. Conclusion: In Australia, men are more likely than women to report exclusive same-sex attraction and experience, although women are more likely than men to report any non-heterosexual identity, experience and attraction. Whether this is a feature of the plasticity of female sexuality or due to lesser stigma than for men is unknown.

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