scholarly journals Bugs That Can Resist Antibiotics but Not Men: Gender-Specific Differences in Notified Infections and Colonisations in Germany, 2010–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Michael Brandl ◽  
Alexandra Hoffmann ◽  
Niklas Willrich ◽  
Annicka Reuss ◽  
Felix Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Federal State ◽  
German Population ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
Gender Specific

Data from surveillance networks show that men have a higher incidence rate of infections with anti-microbial-resistant (AMR) pathogens than women. We systematically analysed data of infections and colonisations with AMR pathogens under mandatory surveillance in Germany to quantify gender-specific differences. We calculated incidence-rates (IR) per 100,000 person–years for invasive infections with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and for infections or colonisations with carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter spp. (CRA), and Enterobacterales (CRE), using the entire German population as a denominator. We limited the study periods to years with complete notification data (MRSA: 2010–2019, CRA/CRE: 2017–2019). We used Poisson regression to adjust for gender, age group, federal state, and year of notification. In the study periods, IR for all notifications were 4.2 for MRSA, 0.90 for CRA, and 4.8 for CRE per 100,000 person-–years. The adjusted IR ratio for infections of men compared to women was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–2.3) for MRSA, 2.2 (95%CI: 1.9–2.7) for CRA, and 1.7 (95%CI: 1.6–1.8) for CRE. Men in Germany show about double the risk for infection with AMR pathogens than women. This was also true for colonisations, where data were available. Screening procedures and associated hygiene measures may profit from a gender-stratified approach.

Gender-specific differences in the expression of selenoproteins in mammals

2005 ◽  
Vol 113 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Riese ◽  
F Streckfuss ◽  
U Schweizer ◽  
J Köhrle ◽  
L Schomburg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

Gender-specific differences in the pattern of gene expression during post-MI remodeling

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bauer ◽  
G Mitterer ◽  
W Dietl ◽  
K Trescher ◽  
E Wolner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

Starting Early with Language Learning. Enhancing Human Capital and Improving the Integration of Migrant Families in the Danube Region. Examples from Bavaria

Südosteuropa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-263
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Skoglund ◽  
Astrid Bretthauer
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Federal State ◽  
German Language ◽  
German Population ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
Similarities And Differences

AbstractGermany is an important destination for migrants from other European countries. That is particularly true of the Danube region, a European Union (EU) macroregion with deep economic and historical interconnections. Immigrants tend to be younger than the average of the German population, with children accounting for 15% of all migrants. The authors start with a short overview of the theoretical and empirical literature on preschool and early education as a tool for acquisition by immigrant children of the host country’s language. The focus is then shifted to the policy sphere, with the example of Germany and in particular the federal state of Bavaria, in the context of the challenges and best practices used to tackle the integration of such children. The article considers Regensburg, the fourth-largest city in the State of Bavaria, and the Landkreis (district) Kelheim to the southwest of Regensburg as case studies to illustrate the similarities and differences of their municipal approaches to the promotion of German language acquisition by immigrant children and their parents.

scholarly journals Gender-specific differences in expression in human lymphoblastoid cell lines

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wasim K. Bleibel ◽  
Cheryl A. Roe ◽  
Nancy J. Cox ◽  
M. Eileen Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines ◽  
Human Lymphoblastoid Cell ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Gender Specific Differences in Disease Susceptibility: The Role of Epigenetics

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Lucia Migliore ◽  
Vanessa Nicolì ◽  
Andrea Stoccoro
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

Many complex traits or diseases, such as infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancer, xenobiotics exposure, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the outcome of vaccination, show a differential susceptibility between males and females. In general, the female immune system responds more efficiently to pathogens. However, this can lead to over-reactive immune responses, which may explain the higher presence of autoimmune diseases in women, but also potentially the more adverse effects of vaccination in females compared with in males. Many clinical and epidemiological studies reported, for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, a gender-biased differential response; however, the majority of reports dealt with a comparable morbidity, with males, however, showing higher COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Although gender differences in immune responses have been studied predominantly within the context of sex hormone effects, some other mechanisms have been invoked: cellular mosaicism, skewed X chromosome inactivation, genes escaping X chromosome inactivation, and miRNAs encoded on the X chromosome. The hormonal hypothesis as well as other mechanisms will be examined and discussed in the light of the most recent epigenetic findings in the field, as the concept that epigenetics is the unifying mechanism in explaining gender-specific differences is increasingly emerging.

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