Enhancing infant attachment security: An examination of treatment efficacy and differential susceptibility

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Cassidy ◽  
Susan S. Woodhouse ◽  
Laura J. Sherman ◽  
Brandi Stupica ◽  
C. W. Lejuez
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Maternal Attachment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maternal Attachment Style

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial examined (a) the efficacy of a brief intervention designed to increase the rate of secure infant attachment, (b) the differential susceptibility hypothesis, and (c) whether maternal attachment styles moderated the expected Treatment × Irritability interaction in predicting infant attachment outcomes. Although there was no main effect of treatment, a significant Treatment × Irritability interaction revealed intervention effects for the highly irritable infants only, thus supporting one of two predictions of the differential susceptibility hypothesis: highly irritable infants would have disproportionately better outcomes than moderately irritable infants in better conditions (i.e., with intervention). When separate analyses were conducted with maternal attachment styles, we found significant three-way interactions among treatment, irritability, and each of the examined maternal attachment style dimensions (i.e., secure–fearful and dismissing–preoccupied). Specifically, with more secure mothers, beneficial effects of intervention emerged for highly irritable infants. For more dismissing mothers, the results revealed support for both predictions of the differential susceptibility hypothesis: highly irritable infants, compared to moderately irritable infants, were both more likely to be secure with intervention and less likely to be secure when in the control group. It is interesting that, for more preoccupied mothers, a treatment effect emerged only for moderately irritable infants. We discuss the implications of these findings for the differential susceptibility hypothesis as well as for early intervention.

Breastfeeding Training through Role-Play and Effects on Mother-infant Attachment Behaviours: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farokh Saljughi ◽  
Mitra Savabi-Esfahani ◽  
Shahnaz Kohan ◽  
Soheila Ehsanpour
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Mother-infant attachment is an intimate, lasting and satisfying relationship that leads to better cognitive, emotional and social growth of the infant. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breastfeeding training by role-play on mother-infant attachment behaviours. This research was a randomised clinical trial (parallel design). Inclusion criteria were: no history of mental disorders; ability to read and write the Persian language to complete the questionnaire; no history of drug and tobacco intake in primigravida women. The sample comprised 100 pregnant women (in 2 groups), selected through simple random sampling at healthcare centres. The researcher reviewed prenatal care registries of selected healthcare centres and extracted the names of pregnant women in their early third trimester. The data were imported into randomisation software. The control group received routine breastfeeding training, while the intervention group received routine training together with training through role-play. The data collection tool was the Maternal Behaviour Inventory Questionnaire. Consequently 75 samples were analysed in SPSS16. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to examine the difference between the two groups. Results showed that the mean score of mother-infant attachment one week after delivery was significantly higher in the intervention group in comparison to that in the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in maternal age, age of marriage, neonatal gender, maternal employment and education, number of parity, and number of abortions (P>0.05). Since breastfeeding training through role-play could affect mother-infant attachment, it is suggested that this type of training should be provided for pregnant women to promote mother-infant attachment and exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON PHYSICAL FITNESS AND ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIABLES IN EX-CRACK COCAINE USERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Jéssica Abatti Martins ◽  
Ana Maria Volpato ◽  
Vanise dos Santos Ferreira Viero ◽  
Antonio Jose Grande ◽  
Leonardo Roever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
Total Body

ABSTRACT Introduction: Worldwide cocaine use in all its various forms is increasing; cocaine users exceeded 17 million in the world. In Brazil, this data is also alarming. A survey conducted in 2010 found that the country has more than 900,000 crack-cocaine users. Objective: To evaluate the effects of exercise on anthropometric variables and components of physical fitness in ex-crack cocaine users. Methods: Randomized controlled trial with 20 men, divided into exercise group (n=10) and control group (n=10), admitted to a detoxification center. We assessed the physical fitness components related to health (cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular strength/endurance, and body composition) before and after the physical training program. Results: The exercise contributed to the maintenance of anthropometric variables, while the control group had an increased in total body fat and visceral fat. Regarding physical fitness, resistance training led to the increase of most variables studied, particularly strength and cardiorespiratory capacity. On the other hand, the VO2max and the strength of the sedentary subjects were reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion: The exercise showed beneficial effects on the components of physical fitness and maintenance of body composition.

Effect of Attachment Style on Selective Attention in Panic Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-560
Author(s):  
Ottilia Klipsch ◽  
Henning Schauenburg ◽  
Christoph Nikendei ◽  
Cord Benecke ◽  
Ulrike Dinger
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Interpersonal Threat

Introduction: Given the heterogeneity of results in the attentional bias to threatening information in patients with panic disorder, we investigated the attentional bias toward threat and the moderating effect of attachment styles in a female-only sample of panic patients and a nonclinical control group. Methods: Female panic patients (n = 47) were compared to a female control group (n = 47) using a modified Dot Probe Task with body-related and interpersonal threat as well as attachment positive words. Results: An attentional bias toward threat words was not replicated. Furthermore, there was no moderation effect on attentional bias by attachment styles. However, high attachment avoidance was associated with faster reaction times (RT) in attachment positive compared to attachment threat trials in both groups. In the patient group, attachment anxiety was associated with faster RT in panic threat trials compared to attachment positive trials. Anxiously attached controls reacted faster to attachment positive vs. attachment threat trials. Discussion: No attentional bias was found in the present study. However, the findings suggest that attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety differently influence attention responses to trials that include different emotional stimuli in clinical and nonclinical, female participants. Attachment insecurity may modify attention when processing trials including both, threat and positive stimuli.

scholarly journals Psychopathological Organizations and Attachment Styles in Patients with Fear of Flying: A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Veronese ◽  
Rossella Procaccia ◽  
Diego Romaioli ◽  
Gianpiero Barola ◽  
Marco Castiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fear Of Flying ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Experimental Group

Objectives: The scope of the study is to identify the leading “organization of meaning” in patients affected by aviophobia and the related attachment style. Specifically we hypothesized that participants with fear of flying would predominantly display a phobic organization of meaning, associated with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style. Methods: 150 adults, divided between an experimental group (FOF) and a control group (CON), completed three research instruments: two self-report questionnaires assessing attachment style (AAQ and ASQ) and the self-characterization, a qualitative constructivist tool. Results: The insecure attachment style prevailed in aviophobics rather than control group. Socio-economic and gender differences were found. The vocabulary used by the group with flying phobia featured a system of meaning referring to “freedom” family semantics. Conclusions: Attachment style appears to be a necessary but insufficient condition for predicting fear of flying. A greater role in the disorder is played by the organization of patients' personality, as argued by socio-constructionist and constructivist authors. Implication for clinical work and psychotherapy are discussed.

scholarly journals Upcycling Brewers’ Spent Grain: The Development of Muffins and Biomarker Response After Consuming Muffins for 8-Weeks in Healthy Adults From Randomized-Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 745-745
Author(s):  
Shannon Combest ◽  
Cynthia Warren ◽  
Mindy Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Spent Grain

Abstract Objectives Brewers’ spent grain (BSG), the most abundant by-product of the brewing industry, consist of malted barley residue leftover from beer production and are rich in fiber and protein. This study examined whether regular consumption of upcycled BSG flour can modulate blood biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD), glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and body composition in healthy adults. Methods Muffins containing 7.5 g BSG (20% wt: wt flour), 11.2 g BSG (30% wt: wt flour), and 0 g BSG (control) were developed and tested for consumer acceptability on overall liking, appearance, texture, moistness, sponginess, and taste. BSG muffins that maintained mean ratings of 5 or higher on a 9-point hedonic scale were considered acceptable and included in a feeding trial. A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled human feeding trial compared consumption of muffins with 12 g BSG (30%) or 0 g BSG daily for 8 weeks. BSG and control muffins were similar in total calories (BSG: 306 kcal, control: 307 kcal) and available carbohydrates (BSG: 51.2 g, control: 52.0 g). Fasting blood was collected for glucose, insulin, and lipid measurements and body composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography at baseline and 8-weeks. During the 8 weeks of intervention, participants recorded 3-day food logs, 2-day stool logs to monitor changes in bowel movements and symptoms, and daily muffin consumption. Results Consumer testing (n = 107) found significant differences among appearance (F = 7.728, P = .001) and taste (4.947, P = .008) ratings across all muffins. Control (6.74 ± 1.84) and 20% (6.64 ± 1.90) muffins received higher appearance ratings and higher taste ratings for 20% muffins (7.15 ± 1.72). Additionally, 30% muffins had acceptability. In the feeding trial, 18 participants (26.8 ± 4.0 y) with a BMI of 23.4 ± 3.2 kg/m2completed the study. Systolic blood pressure (BP) (P = .044) and insulin (P = .011) were lower in the BSG group than the control group after consuming study muffins for 8-weeks. There were no significant treatment effects for glucose concentrations or body composition outcomes between test groups or over time. Conclusions Consuming BSG reduces systolic BP and insulin in healthy adults compared to control muffins. A higher BSG dosage or consuming BSG for a longer duration may be necessary to observe additional clinical endpoints. Funding Sources Moore-Khourie Fund.

scholarly journals Measuring the effects of listening for leisure on outcome after stroke (MELLO): A pilot randomized controlled trial of mindful music listening

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Baylan ◽  
Caroline Haig ◽  
Maxine MacDonald ◽  
Ciara Stiles ◽  
Jake Easto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Story Recall ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled

BackgroundCognitive deficits and low mood are common post-stroke. Music listening is suggested to have beneficial effects on cognition, while mindfulness may improve mood. Combining these approaches may enhance cognitive recovery and improve mood early post-stroke.AimsTo assess the feasibility and acceptability of a novel mindful music listening intervention.MethodsA parallel group randomized controlled feasibility trial with ischemic stroke patients, comparing three groups; mindful music listening, music listening and audiobook listening (control group), eight weeks intervention. Feasibility was measured using adherence to protocol and questionnaires. Cognition (including measures of verbal memory and attention) and mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were assessed at baseline, end of intervention and at six-months post-stroke.ResultsSeventy-two participants were randomized to mindful music listening ( n = 23), music listening ( n = 24), or audiobook listening ( n = 25). Feasibility and acceptability measures were encouraging: 94% fully consistent with protocol; 68.1% completing ≥6/8 treatment visits; 80–107% listening adherence; 83% retention to six-month endpoint. Treatment effect sizes for cognition at six month follow-up ranged from d = 0.00 ([−0.64,0.64], music alone), d = 0.31, ([0.36,0.97], mindful music) for list learning; to d = 0.58 ([0.06,1.11], music alone), d = 0.51 ([−0.07,1.09], mindful music) for immediate story recall; and d = 0.67 ([0.12,1.22], music alone), d = 0.77 ([0.16,1.38]mindful music) for attentional switching compared to audiobooks. No signal of change was seen for mood. A definitive study would require 306 participants to detect a clinically substantial difference in improvement (z-score difference = 0.66, p = 0.017, 80% power) in verbal memory (delayed story recall).ConclusionsMindful music listening is feasible and acceptable post-stroke. Music listening interventions appear to be a promising approach to improving recovery from stroke.

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