scholarly journals Maternal Attachment Style, Interpersonal Trauma History, and Childbirth-Related Post-traumatic Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. MacKinnon ◽  
Sarah Houazene ◽  
Stephanie Robins ◽  
Nancy Feeley ◽  
Phyllis Zelkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Maternal Attachment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma History ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Maternal Attachment Style

scholarly journals Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Alisic ◽  
Alyson K. Zalta ◽  
Floryt van Wesel ◽  
Sadie E. Larsen ◽  
Gertrud S. Hafstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundIt is unclear how many children and adolescents develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after trauma.AimsTo determine the incidence of PTSD in trauma-exposed children and adolescents as assessed with well-established diagnostic interviews and to examine potential moderators of the estimate.MethodA systematic literature search identified 72 peer-reviewed articles on 43 independent samples (n = 3563). Samples consisting only of participants seeking or receiving mental health treatment were excluded. Main analyses involved pooled incidence estimates and meta-analyses of variance.ResultsThe overall rate of PTSD was 15.9% (95% CI 11.5–21.5), which varied according to the type of trauma and gender. Least at risk were boys exposed to non-interpersonal trauma (8.4%, 95% CI 4.7–14.5), whereas girls exposed to interpersonal trauma showed the highest rate (32.9%, 95% CI 19.8–49.3). No significant difference was found for the choice of assessment interview or the informant of the assessment.ConclusionsResearch conducted with the best available assessment instruments shows that a significant minority of children and adolescents develop PTSD after trauma exposure, with those exposed to interpersonal trauma and girls at particular risk. The estimates provide a benchmark for DSM-5 and ICD-11.

scholarly journals Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Ostacoli ◽  
Stefano Cosma ◽  
Federica Bevilacqua ◽  
Paola Berchialla ◽  
Marialuisa Bovetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Trauma, natural and man-made catastrophic events can be predictors of postpartum psychological distress. In a public health response due to coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, the Italian government imposed a lockdown from March 9 to May 3. This extraordinary situation may have been challenging for maternal psychological health. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms in women giving birth during the Covid-19 pandemic and its associations with quarantine measures, obstetrical factors, and relational attachment style. Methods Women who gave birth in a high-volume obstetric/gynaecological medical centre located in an epidemic area during the Covid-19 pandemic (March 8 to June 15) were asked to complete an online survey about their childbirth experience and the perceived effect of the pandemic. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) were administered to assess levels of postpartum depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and relational style of attachment, respectively. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify associations between quarantine measures, childbirth experience, attachment style, and EPDS and IES-R scores.Results The survey was completed by 163 women (response rate 60.8%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 44.2% (EPDS cut-off score ≥11) and the PTSS rate was 42.9% (IES-R cut-off score ≥24). Dismissive and fearful avoidant attachment styles were significantly associated with the risk of depression and PTSS, respectively. Perceived pain during birth was a risk factor for postpartum depression. Perceived support provided by healthcare staff was a protective factor against depression and PTSS. Another protective factor against PTSS was quiet on the ward due to the absence of hospital visitors. Conclusion This study reports a high prevalence of postpartum depressive and PTSS in women who gave birth during the Covid-19 pandemic. Postnatal psychological distress seemed to be associated more with the prenatal experience and other individual factors than with the pandemic hospital restrictions. Early detection during pregnancy of an insecure attachment style is fundamental to provide targeted preventive and therapeutic psychological interventions.

scholarly journals Differentiating ICD-11 complex post-traumatic stress disorder from other common mental disorders based on levels of exposure to childhood adversities, the traumas of persecution and postmigration living difficulties among refugees from West Papua

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Derrick Silove ◽  
Susan Rees ◽  
Mohammed Mohsin ◽  
Natalino Tam ◽  
Moses Kareth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundFollowing years of controversy, a category of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) will be included in the forthcoming ICD-11.AimsTo test whether refugees with CPTSD differ from those with other common mental disorders (CMDs) in the degree of exposure to childhood adversities, adult interpersonal trauma and post-traumatic hardship.MethodSurvey of 487 West Papuan refugees (response rate 85.5%) in Papua New Guinea.ResultsRefugees with CPTSD had higher exposure to childhood adversities (CPTSD: mean 2.6, 95% CI 2.5–2.7 versus CMD: mean 1.15, 95% CI 1.10–1.20), interpersonal trauma (CPTSD: mean 9, 95% CI 8.6–9.4 versus CMD: mean 5.4, 95% CI 5.4–5.5) and postmigration living difficulties (CPTSD: mean 2.3, 95% CI 2–2.5 versus CMD mean 1.85, 95% CI 1.84–1.86), compared with those with CMDs who in turn exceeded those with no mental disorder on all these indices.ConclusionsThe findings support the cross-cultural validity of CPTSD as a reaction to high levels of exposure to recurrent interpersonal trauma and associated adversities.Declaration of interestNone.

A Systematic Chart Review of Adults with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Data from a Tertiary Care Psychiatry Center in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762110350
Author(s):  
K. Krishnakumari ◽  
Manjula Munivenkatappa ◽  
Shantala Hegde ◽  
Kesavan Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an understudied construct in the psychiatric setting. The majority of existing Indian studies on PTSD focus on the general population or disaster-stricken communities. Here, we present data from a five-year retrospective chart review from a tertiary care psychiatric center in India. Methods: Medical records of adult patients (≥18 years) who had attended psychiatry outpatient services between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2020 (five years) and were diagnosed with PTSD, as per ICD-10 criteria, were reviewed ( n = 113). The relevant sociodemographic and clinical details were extracted using a semistructured pro forma. Results: The percentage of adult patients with PTSD diagnosis in the five years was 0.22%. PTSD was more common in females (n = 65, 57.5%). Most patients had interpersonal trauma (n = 85, 75.2%), specifically sexual abuse (n = 47, 41.6%).The median age of onset was 22 years. All the patients had re-experiencing symptoms, with an equally high rate of avoidance (n = 109, 96.5%) and arousal symptoms (n = 110, 97.3%). 82%(93) had a comorbid psychiatric disorder, with mood disorder being the most common (n = 44, 38.9%). Males had a higher rate of comorbid substance use disorder (n = 14, 29.2%) and depression (n = 20, 42%), and females had a higher rate of comorbid dissociative disorder (n = 13, 20%). Most of the patients received non-trauma-focused psychological interventions, and only 18% (20) received evidence-based trauma-focused psychological interventions. Conclusion: Interpersonal trauma, specifically sexual abuse, largely contributes to PTSD among adults attending psychiatric services. The need for trauma-focused psychological interventions is underscored.

Underlying Role of Rumination-Mediated Attachment Style Plays In PTSD After TIA And Stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiping Zhou ◽  
Linjing Zhang ◽  
Tonggui Li ◽  
Weiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Adult Attachment Style ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective: Attachment and rumination was examined as intermediary variable on post-traumatic stress disorder and medication compliance in stroke or TIA patients.Methods: 300 participants with stroke or TIA form The Second Hospital of Hebei Province were selected. Patients accomplished NIHSS, ABCD2, ECR, RSQ and RRS on admission. After 3 months the PCL-C and MMAS were collected.Results: In this stroke or TIA patients, the incident of PTSD was 7.7%; PTSD scores were significantly associated with attachment anxiety (r= 0.225，p<0.01), symptom rumination (r= 0.197, p<0.01), and obsessive thinking (r=0.187, p<0.01).After Sobel test analysis and verification by Baron and Kenny (1996) 's method, we found that ruminant mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and PTSD; obsessive thinking mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and PTSD.Conclusions: The relationship between attachment anxiety and PTSD was positively predicted by rumination and obsessive thinking. Adult attachment style, rumination and PTSD scores may not predict medication compliance.

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