scholarly journals Environmental determinants of physiological reactivity to stress: The interacting effects of early life deprivation, caregiving quality, and stressful life events

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1732-1742
Author(s):  
Mark Wade ◽  
Margaret A. Sheridan ◽  
Charles H. Zeanah ◽  
Nathan A. Fox ◽  
Charles A. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Institutionalized Children ◽  
Caregiving Quality

AbstractChildren who spend their early lives in institutions experience profound psychosocial deprivation that is associated with altered stress response system development. Here, we used data from a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of foster care for institutionally reared children to examine whether caregiving quality and stressful life events (SLEs) in early adolescence (age 12) influence patterns of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity. Controlling for the effect of institutional care, higher caregiving quality at age 12 was associated with heightened cortisol and SNS reactivity. However, moderation analysis revealed that the latter effect was only observed among never-institutionalized children, whereas ever-institutionalized children demonstrated a persistently blunted SNS response regardless of recent caregiving quality. Among institutionally reared children, SLEs interacted with prior random assignment to foster care, such that those placed in foster care early in development had a SNS response that approximated never-institutionalized children when SLEs at age 12 were low. In contrast, SNS reactivity was persistently blunted among those with prolonged deprivation, regardless of recent SLEs. Early-life deprivation is associated with persistent blunting of stress response systems, but normalization may be achievable if SLEs are limited following placement into enriched family-based care.

scholarly journals Stress sensitization among severely neglected children and protection by social enrichment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wade ◽  
Charles H. Zeanah ◽  
Nathan A. Fox ◽  
Florin Tibu ◽  
Laura E. Ciolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Childhood Neglect ◽  
Institutionalized Children ◽  
Positive Caregiving

AbstractChildhood adversity may sensitize certain individuals to later stress which triggers or amplifies psychopathology. The current study uses data from a longitudinal randomized controlled trial to examine whether severe early neglect among children reared in institutions increases vulnerability to the effects of later stressful life events on externalizing problems in adolescence, and whether social enrichment in the form of high-quality foster care buffers this risk. Children abandoned to Romanian institutions were randomly assigned to a foster care intervention or care-as-usual during early childhood. A sample of never-institutionalized children served as a comparison group. Here we report that, among those with prolonged institutional rearing, more stressful life events in preadolescence predicted higher externalizing problems in adolescence. This effect was not observed for never-institutionalized children or those in foster care, thus providing experimental evidence that positive caregiving experiences protect against the stress-sensitizing effects of childhood neglect on externalizing problems in adolescence.

scholarly journals Early Life Disease Programming during the Preconception and Prenatal Period: Making the Link between Stressful Life Events and Type-1 Diabetes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. e11523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasveer Virk ◽  
Jiong Li ◽  
Mogens Vestergaard ◽  
Carsten Obel ◽  
Michael Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Prenatal Period

scholarly journals Interaction of Serotonin Transporter Gene-Linked Polymorphic Region and Stressful Life Events Predicts Cortisol Stress Response

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1332-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anett Mueller ◽  
Diana Armbruster ◽  
Dirk A Moser ◽  
Turhan Canli ◽  
Klaus-Peter Lesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Serotonin Transporter Gene ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Polymorphic Region

Stressful Life Events and Criminal Homicide

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Humphrey ◽  
Stuart Palmer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Past Event ◽  
Research Interview

Stressful life events experienced by a 50 percent random sample of criminal homicide offenders (270) and a 30 percent random sample of nonviolent felonious property offenders (194) incarcerated in North Carolina over a two-year period are analyzed. Dohrenwend et al. Psychiatric Epidemiological Research Interview (PERI) was expanded to include occurrences in childhood and was used to assess the extent of stressful life events. These events were divided into loss and nonloss items; and whether the event occurred in the early life of the offender (past event) or in closer proximity to the crime (recent event). Murderers were divided into primary offenders, those whose victims were family members or close friends; and nonprimary offenders, those who killed strangers or mere acquaintances. The findings show that criminal homicide offenders experienced stressful life events in greater number and more consistently than did nonviolent felons. Further, primary homicide offenders tended to suffer more stressful life events involving loss, although nonprimary offenders experienced more nonloss stress events.

Stressful life events and neuroticism as predictors of late-life versus early-life depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Weber ◽  
Panteleimon Giannakopoulos ◽  
François R. Herrmann ◽  
Javier Bartolomei ◽  
Sergio DiGiorgio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Stressful Life

scholarly journals The prospective association between stressful life events and inflammation among adolescents with a history of early institutional rearing

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1715-1724
Author(s):  
Alva Tang ◽  
Mark Wade ◽  
Nathan A. Fox ◽  
Charles A. Nelson ◽  
Charles H. Zeanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Institutionalized Children ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prospective Association

AbstractEarly adversity has been shown to sensitize individuals to the effects of later stress and enhance risk of psychopathology. Using a longitudinal randomized trial of foster care as an alternative to institutional care, we extend the stress sensitization hypothesis to examine whether early institutional rearing sensitizes individuals to stressful events in adolescence engendering chronic low-grade inflammation. At baseline, institutionalized children in Romania (ages 6–31 months) were randomly assigned to foster care or to remain in usual care within institutions. A group of never-institutionalized children was recruited as an in-country comparison sample. At ages 12 and 16, participants reported stressful events. At age 16, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were derived from blood spots. Among children assigned to care as usual, more stressful events at age 12, but not age 16, were associated with higher IL-6. In the same group, stressful events at age 16 were associated with higher CRP, though these effects attenuated after adjusting for covariates. These associations were not observed in the foster care or never-institutionalized groups. The findings suggest that heightened inflammation following stress exposure is one pathway through which early neglect could compromise physical health. In contrast, early family care might buffer against these risks.

Stressful life events in early life and leukocyte telomere length in adulthood

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. McFarland ◽  
John Taylor ◽  
Terrence D. Hill ◽  
Katherine L. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Exposure/Response Prevention plus Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Reducing Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Associated with Stressful Life Experiences: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ebrahim Sarichloo ◽  
Farhad Taremian ◽  
Behrouz Dolatshahee ◽  
Seyed Alireza Haji Seyed Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Exposure Response Prevention

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is known as a non-psychotic mental disorder resistant to treatment. It has been found that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can increase the effectiveness of its standard treatments. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the impact of exposure/response prevention (ERP) combined with EMDR as a treatment method on patients with OCD who had experienced stressful life events by comparison to ERP alone. Methods: The present randomized controlled trial was conducted among 60 OCD patients who experienced stressful life events and were resistant to medication treatment. The participants were randomly assigned to the ERP plus EMDR (n = 30) and ERP (n = 30) groups. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were completed before and after the intervention, as well as, after a follow-up period of three months. The scores were compared using the chi‐squared test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: ANOVA results demonstrated that both treatment protocols had a significant effect on the reduction of anxiety and severity of OCD symptoms, while the results of ANCOVA showed a significantly higher effect of ERP plus EMDR compared to the ERP protocol (P = 0.001), and sample attrition was significantly higher in the ERP group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The ERP plus EMDR protocol compared to the ERP protocol showed a higher rate of completion and efficacy in OCD treatment.

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