The Aims and Organisation of a Peasant Revolt in Early Fourteenth-Century Wiltshire

Rural History ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRIAM MÜLLER

In 1348 a group of villein tenants of the manor of Badbury of the Abbey of Glastonbury in Wiltshire attempted to go to court in order to prove that their manor was of ancient demesne status. Although the peasants were unsuccessful in their claim, they tried again in 1377. Their case is entered and explained in unusual detail in the court records of the manor, and therefore allows us valuable insights in this particular, and far from uncommon, form of peasant resistance. This paper explores the motives and aims of the peasants who planned the action, the organisation of their revolt, and the individuals involved, whose background and histories can be traced through the court records.

Slavic Review ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Joseph Held

On April 24, 1445, János Vitéz of Zredna, a well-known Hungarian humanist bishop, wrote to a friend about conditions existing in his homeland:The sword is now the destroyer of every right … hence, Liberty is in the grip of Hatred, and pillage and looting are the providers of luxury…. No one gives mercy to another and everyone knows fear…This was not merely humanist rhetoric; Vitéz's perceptions accurately described the Hungarian situation, where the powerful barons had become the controllers of the machinery of the state.The Hungarian province of Transylvania (see p. 26), “the Land beyond the Forests,” in which the drama of 1437-38 was enacted, experienced a parallel development. During the fourteenth century, the barons in that province (as in the rest of Hungary) established seigneurial control over the peasant population. A system of feudal dues and obligations was imposed on the peasantry, and free movement from one estate to another was effectively curtailed. The tensions that this situation created in Transylvania were heightened by conflicts that were peculiarly Transylvanian in character.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-469
Author(s):  
Dariusz Nowacki

Artykuł przynosi omówienie trzech powieści, w których pojawia się postać Jakuba Szeli i wątek rabacji galicyjskiej. Są to Baśń o wężowym sercu albo wtóre słowo o Jakóbie Szeli (2019) Radka Raka, Deutsch dla średnio zaawansowanych (2019) Macieja Hena oraz Galicyanie Stanisława Aleksandra Nowaka (2016). Punktem wyjścia rozważań jest uwaga sformułowana przez Przemysława Czaplińskiego, który bunt chłopski z lutego 1846 roku rozpoznał jako aktualne dziedzictwo, mogące zasilać dzisiejsze formy protestu przeciwko niesprawiedliwości i wyzyskowi. Autor artykułu rozważa, czy rzeczywiście współcześni prozaicy, którzy na kartach swoich powieści ożywili postać Jakuba Szeli, odwołują się do wspomnianej tradycji, czy Szela jest dla nich ikoną buntownika i zarazem wzorem mściciela. Wynik tego sprawdzianu jest negatywny: autor dowodzi, że w grę wchodzi wyłącznie popkulturowa lub quasi-popkulturowa obecność Szeli (w literaturze artystycznej), luźno związana z szerszą debatą na temat „kwestii chłopskiej” czy tak zwanym zwrotem plebejskim w polskiej kulturze, jaki najmocniej uwidocznił się w latach 2015–2016. Autor twierdzi, że omówione przez niego utwory nie mają ambicji „rozrachunkowych”; nie upomniano się w nich o rzekomo wyparte czy niesłusznie zapomniane dziedzictwo chłopskiego oporu i buntu. Tym samym ujawniona została rozbieżność między postulatami historyków i socjologów, którzy w ostatnich latach odnowili namysł nad położeniem chłopów pańszczyźnianych w duchu tak zwanej pedagogiki wstydu, a dzisiejszą praktyką literacką Presence of Szela: Three Examples from the New Prose The article presents three novels in which the person of Jakub Szela and motif of the Galician slaughter appear. These are Fairy Tale about the Snake’s Heart or Another Word about Jakub Szela (2019) by Radek Rak, Deutsch for Intermediates (2019) by Maciej Hen and Galicians (2016) by Stanisław Aleksander Nowak. The starting point for the considerations is the remark of Stanisław Aleksander Nowak who acknowledged the 1846 peasant revolt as a relevant legacy that could support present-day forms of protest against injustice and exploitation. The author of the article examines if the modern prose writers who brought the person of Jakub Szela back to life in their novels truly invoke the aforementioned tradition and if Szela is a rebel icon and an avenger model for them. The result of said examination is negative: the author proves that only pop-cultural or quasi-pop-cultural presence of Szela (in artistic literature) comes into question, which is loosely tied to the broader discussion on “the peasant question” – the so-called plebeian turn in Polish culture, which became most visible in the years of 2015–2016. The author argues that the discussed works of literature do not have the ambitions to deal with the past; the allegedly renounced or unjustly forgotten legacy of peasant resistance and rebellion weren’t claimed. Thereby the difference between the demands of the historians and sociologists who reflected anew on the situation of serfs in spirit of the so-called pedagogy of shame and today’s literary practice was revealed.


2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Stahly ◽  
Linda Krajewski ◽  
Wesley Farris ◽  
Kimberly Evans ◽  
Kelly Moore

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history


2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vivienne Dunstan

McIntyre, in his seminal work on Scottish franchise courts, argues that these courts were in decline in this period, and of little relevance to their local population. 1 But was that really the case? This paper explores that question, using a particularly rich set of local court records. By analysing the functions and significance of one particular court it assesses the role of this one court within its local area, and considers whether it really was in decline at this time, or if it continued to perform a vital role in its local community. The period studied is the mid to late seventeenth century, a period of considerable upheaval in Scottish life, that has attracted considerable attention from scholars, though often less on the experiences of local communities and people.


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