POST-AVICENNAN LOGICIANS ON THE SUBJECT MATTER OF LOGIC: SOME THIRTEENTH- AND FOURTEENTH-CENTURY DISCUSSIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled El-Rouayheb
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Subject

AbstractIn the thirteenth century, the influential logician Afḍal al-Dīn al-Khūnajī (d. 1248) departed from the Avicennan view that the subject matter of logic is “second intentions”. For al-Khūnajī, the subject matter of logic is “the objects of conception and assent”. His departure elicited intense and sometimes abstruse discussions in the course of subsequent centuries. Prominent supporters of Khūnajī's view on the subject matter of logic included Kātibī (d. 1277), Ibn Wāṣil (d. 1298) and Taftāzānī (d. 1390). Defenders of Avicenna's view included Ṭūsī (d. 1274), Samarqandī (d. 1303) and Quṭb al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1365). This article presents the outline of the development of this discussion down to the end of the fourteenth century and attempts to reconstruct the major arguments of both sides.

Medical Similes in Religious Discourse: The Case of Giovanni di San Gimignano OP (ca. 1260–ca. 1333)

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-131
Author(s):  
Joseph Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Therapeutic Art ◽  
Cultural Role

The ArgumentBy the beginning of the fourteenth century, medicine had acquired a cultural role in addition to its traditional functions as a therapeutic art. Medical subject matter infiltrated the religious discourse via the new thirteenth-century encyclopedic literature. Preachers came to employ in their moral analogies a wider range of medical topics, using sophisticated medical examples and citations attributed to recognized medical authorities. These developments coincided with the growing prestige of medicine as an academic discipline.

The Discovery of an Early Bearing-Dial

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl V. Sølver
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
North Western

It has hitherto been generally presumed that the division of the horizon into thirty-two points was a development of the late medieval period. Such a division, it has been said, was impossible in the pre-compass era. ‘It is questionable whether even so many as sixteen directions could have been picked out and followed at sea so long as Sun and star, however intimately known, were the only guides’, one eminent authority has declared; ‘Even the sailors in the north-western waters had only four names until a comparatively late date.’ Chaucer's reference in his Treatise on the Astrolabe to the thirty-two ‘partiez’ of the ‘orisonte’ has for long been quoted as the earliest evidence on the subject. The Konungs Skuggsjà, a thirteenth-century Norwegian work, however, refers to the Sun revolving through eight œttir; and the fourteenthcentury Icelandic Rímbegla talks of sixteen points or directions. An important discovery by the distinguished Danish archaeologist, Dr. C. L. Vebæk, in the summer of 1951, brings a new light to the whole problem and makes the earlier held view scarcely tenable. Vebæk was then working on the site of the Benedictine nunnery (mentioned by Îvar Bárdarson in the mid-fourteenth century) which stands on the site of a still older Norse homestead on the Siglufjörd, in southern Greenland. Buried in a heap of rubbish under the floor in one of the living-rooms, together with a number of broken tools of wood and iron (some of them with the owner's name inscribed on them in runes) was a remarkable fragment of carved oak which evidently once formed part of a bearingdial. This was a damaged oaken disk which, according to the archaeologists, dates back to about the year 1200.

scholarly journals Genealogia płocka – nowe spojrzenie na źródło małopolskie z drugiej połowy XIII wieku

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1 (241)) ◽  
pp. 5-44
Author(s):  
Norbert Gołdys
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Short Description ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Relationship

The Płock Genealogy – a New Interpretation of the Małopolska Source of the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century The aim of the article is to determine when the Płock Genealogy (Genealogia płocka) was created and the content of its ideological message. The text of the work has survived in one of the manuscripts in the library of Płock Charter. The subject of this text is a short description of subsequent generations of the Piast Dynasty from the earliest times to the end of the thirteenth century. This analysis includes establishing the relationship between the manuscript and other existing historical works and annals from up to the mid-fourteenth century, a detailed comparison of the information they contain with existing findings on the genealogy of the Piast Dynasty, as well as a review of the structure of the work.

Philosophical Implications of the Japanese Language

2017 ◽  
pp. 664-684
Author(s):  
Rolf Elberfeld
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Middle Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Verbal Processes ◽  
Nishida Kitaro

This chapter seeks to elucidate the philosophical implications of some distinctive traits of the grammar and word types of both Classical and Modern Japanese. It discusses in particular the emphasis on the predicate rather than the subject of the sentence, and hence on verbal processes rather than nominal substances, as well as the central role played by the “middle voice,” which expresses the spontaneous and natural unfolding of an occurrence rather than the activity or passivity of a subject. Such philosophical proclivities harbored in the Japanese language are explored by way of examining passages from the thirteenth-century Zen master Dōgen, the fourteenth-century classic Tsurezuregusa, and the twentieth-century philosopher Nishida Kitarō.

Salafism Revived: Nu'mān al-Alūsī and the Trial of Two Ahmads

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basheer M. Nafi
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Ibn Taymiyya ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn 1298/1881, the Iraqi scholar Nu'mān al-Alūsī published his Jalā' al-'aynayn fī muhākamat al-Ahmadayn, one of the most astute tracts to be written in defense of the fourteenth-century Hanbalī scholar, Ibn Taymiyya. This article attempts to read into the significance of Jalā' al-'aynayn by studying the life and educational environment of its author, the subject matter of the book, the format in which it appeared, and the circumstances of its publishing. There is little doubt that Jalā' al-'aynayn is a founding text in the emergence of modern Salafiyya in major Arab urban centers. Considering the contribution of the Wahhābī movement to the revival of Salafī Islam, one of the aims of this article is to look into the variant expressions of modern Salafiyya. An important aspect of the impact of Nu'mān al-Alūsī's work is related to the way he treated his subject matter, reconstituting the legacy of Ibn Taymiyya in the Muslims' imagination of their traditions. The other, was the publishing of Jalā' al-'aynayn in print. In the following decades, the ecology of Islamic culture would be transformed at a dramatic pace. But two things would not lose their value for the Salafī circles of modern Islam, the referential position of Ibn Taymiyya and the power of the printing-press.

scholarly journals A Book of Hours in the Form of a Roll (Egerton 3044), Bruges Scribe Johannes de Ecclesia, and the Art of Writing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Rudy
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Audience Participation ◽  
Experimental Practice ◽  
Book Of Hours ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Imagery Techniques ◽  
Made In

This article considers the art of Johannes de Ecclesia, a scribe who worked for the Catalan-speaking clientele in Bruges at the end of the fourteenth century and used some letterforms hitherto unattested in prayerbooks. A consummate experimenter, Johannes de Ecclesia stretched the boundaries of scribal practice. His extraordinary products put his own skills on display. No other scribe in Western Europe matches Johannes de Ecclesia’s prodigious creativity for two centuries. By analysing two of his manuscripts, this article argues that his outsider status, coupled with his exposure to a broad survey of manuscripts made in various times and geographies, inculcated him with ideas he recombined in unexpected ways. To understand and communicate Johannes de Ecclesia’s unusual and experimental practice, this article proposes under-exploited photography and imagery techniques (namely backlighting) and seeks audience participation levels uncommon in academic articles (namely, the DIY facsimile). It is hoped that the techniques of the reader/scholar are enhanced when they rhyme conceptually with the techniques of the maker and when there is physical engagement with the subject matter.

Gerald Odonis on the Plurality of Worlds

Vivarium ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Schabel
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pierre Duhem

AbstractPierre Duhem and Eugenio Randi have investigated the later-medieval history of the problem of whether the existence of more than one world is possible, determining that Aristotle's denial of that possibility was rejected on theological grounds in the second half of the thirteenth century, but it was Nicole Oresme in the mid-fourteenth century who gave the strongest philosophical arguments against the Peripatetic stance, opting instead for Plato's position. For different reasons, neither Duhem nor Randi was able to examine Gerald Odonis' question on the subject. In this text, edited here, Odonis also opposes Aristotle for philosophical reasons and sides explicitly with Plato. Was Oresme aware of Odonis' opinion?

Marino Sanudo Torsello and the Lost Crusade: Lobbying in the Fourteenth Century The Alexander Prize Essay

1982 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
C. J. Tyerman
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cross ◽  
John Xxii ◽  
Prize Essay

At Avignon on 24 September 1321, a wealthy, middle-aged, well-connected and widely travelled Venetian merchant, Marino Sanudo, called Torsello, presented to Pope John XXII a book which he had been composing over the previous fifteen years, the Liber Secretorum (or Secreta) Fidelium Crucis, the book of the secrets of the faithful of the Cross. The full title explained the subject matter: the protection of the faithful, the conversion and destruction of the infidel and the acquisition and retention of the Holy Land in peace and security.

II.—The Armourers' Company of London and the Greenwich School of Armourers

Archaeologia ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Charles Ffoulkes
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Early History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

In making researches into the early history of the Armourers' Company, we are faced with the question what kind of craftsman was the armourer or ‘armorarius’ up to the middle of the fourteenth century. On consulting the recognized reference books on the subject, up to the present I have found no word used to denote the maker of defensive armour and offensive weapons as distinct from any other craft till the end of the thirteenth century. Smith translates armourer as ‘faber armorum’, and Riddle and White do not even give this qualification under the word ‘faber’. Du Cange gives 1412 as the earliest use of the term, Murray 1386, and Gay 1351. The nearest approach to the word is ‘armarium’ from which we get ‘armoir’, a closet or cupboard to keep arms, clothing, and possibly, but not necessarily, armour.

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