scholarly journals Trends in the abundance of Cantabrian Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus cantabricus at leks on the southern slope of the Cantabrian Mountains, north-west Spain

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÉSAR J. POLLO ◽  
LUIS ROBLES ◽  
JUAN M. SEIJAS ◽  
ÁNGEL GARCÍA-MIRANDA ◽  
RAFAEL OTERO
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Tetrao Urogallus ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Cantabrian Mountains ◽  
North West ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Tetrao Urogallus Cantabricus ◽  
Number Of Males

We analysed the trend of the number of singing males of Cantabrian Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus cantabricus in 207 leks on the southern slope of the Cantabrian mountains, north-west Spain, in the period 1981 to 2003. The area of occupancy in 1981–1982 covered up to approximately 2,070 km2, but in 2000–2003 it was 693 km2, a 66% area reduction in 22 years. The 1981–1982 census estimated a minimum number of 274 singing male Capercaillie on the southern slope, but in 2000–2003 only an estimated 81 males were recorded, a reduction of 70%. A linear regression was used to detect and describe the changes in the size of the total population of the southern slope as well as individual subpopulations. The overall trend for the total subpopulations was a significant decrease in the number of males (y = 39.94−0.018x; R2 = 0.944, P < 0.001). The negative regression slopes indicated that the number of males had fallen in all the subpopulations considered. In the western core area the greatest annual mean rate of decline was detected in the Sierra de Picos de Ancares subpopulation (−6.22%) and in the eastern core in the Sierra de Riaño subpopulation (−3.43%). The principal local limiting factors (habitat fragmentation, human disturbance, small population size and competition) that have caused the population decline are discussed, together with the demographic, genetic and evolutionary consequences for the surviving subpopulations.

Severe decline in Cantabrian Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus cantabricus habitat use after construction of a wind farm

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUEL A. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
SERGIO GARCÍA-TEJERO ◽  
ERIC WENGERT ◽  
BENITO FUERTES
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Tetrao Urogallus ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Cantabrian Mountains ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
North West ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tetrao Urogallus Cantabricus ◽  
One Year

SummaryTetrao urogallus cantabricus is the most endangered capercaillie subspecies and unlike the others it inhabits deciduous forests in the Cantabrian Mountains (north-west Spain). Its southernmost distribution occurs in Mediterranean forests outside conservation areas where wind farm construction is increasing. We surveyed Cantabrian Capercaillie presence in a wintering site one year before and four years after wind farm construction. Sign abundance greatly decreased after wind farm construction indicating a likely negative effect on Cantabrian Capercaillie habitat use. According to the precautionary principle, in order to conserve Cantabrian Capercaillie, all its range should be legally protected to avoid further wind farm construction and human disturbance.

scholarly journals Conservation status of Mascarene Amaranth Aerva congesta Balf.F. Ex Baker (Eudicots: Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae): a Critically Endangered endemic herb of the Mascarenes, Indian Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 12056
Author(s):  
Kersley Bruno Pynee ◽  
David Harold Lorence ◽  
Poojanraj Khurun
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Mascarene Islands ◽  
Iucn Red List Criteria

Aerva congesta Balf.f. ex Baker (Amaranthaceae), an endemic of Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) is assessed for its conservation status. Considering its local extinction in Rodrigues and very small population in Mauritius, in Round Island and at Gris Gris, south of Mauritius its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated at 8km².  Due to its small AOO and threats by increasing native vegetation and alien species, A. congesta is evaluated as Critically Endangered following the latest IUCN Red List criteria.  The species needs an urgent well-defined restoration program and ecological studies to prevent its extinction.  

scholarly journals Estrés fisiológico en urogallos cantábricos (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) silvestres y en cautividad: variaciones temporales e implicaciones metodológicas

Ecosistemas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 2161
Author(s):  
Jesús Martínez Padilla ◽  
Alba Estrada Acedo
Keyword(s):  
Tetrao Urogallus ◽  
Tetrao Urogallus Cantabricus

El estudio de los factores ambientales que pueden explicar los niveles de estrés fisiológico en poblaciones naturales es de vital importancia para especies vulnerables, ya que puede influir en la mortalidad de los individuos y, por tanto, en la viabilidad poblacional. En este trabajo se exploran los condicionantes ambientales que pueden explicar las variaciones de estrés fisiológico medido a través de niveles de corticosterona en plumas de urogallo cantábrico (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus). Se emplearon muestras recogidas de individuos en cautividad y de individuos silvestres. Las muestras recogidas de los individuos silvestres se recopilaron desde 1998 hasta 2017 y se consideraron 35 variables climáticas de temperatura y precipitación. Los análisis de repetibilidad sugirieron que los niveles de corticosterona en la combinación de plumas corporales y secundarias fueron repetibles dentro de individuos, mientras que en la combinación de plumas corporales y primarias no lo fueron, por lo que se consideraron sólo las medidas de las plumas corporales y secundarias. Los resultados indicaron que los individuos en cautividad tuvieron un menor estrés fisiológico y que, en individuos silvestres, hubo un incremento de los niveles de estrés hasta estabilizarse en los últimos años de estudio. Ninguna variable climática estuvo relacionada con los niveles de estrés fisiológico. Especulamos que la tendencia temporal en los niveles de estrés podría estar reflejando limitaciones alimenticias, quizá asociadas a cambios en la estructura o composición del hábitat o interacciones con otras especies silvestres o ganado doméstico, lo que podría explicar el menor estrés fisiológico de los individuos en cautividad. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, las plumas secundarias o corporales, independientemente del sexo, serían las preferibles para establecer un monitoreo del estrés fisiológico del urogallo en condiciones naturales o de cautividad.

XXVI.—A Late-Celtic and Romano-British Cave-dwelling at Wookey-Hole, near Wells, Somerset

Archaeologia ◽  
1911 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Balch ◽  
R. D. R. Troup
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Sense ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
North West ◽  
Limestone Cave ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone ◽  
Great Mass

The great cavern of Wookey-Hole is situated two miles to the north-west of the city of Wells, in the centre of Somerset, and immediately adjacent to the thriving- village which has taken the name of the cavern, and has depended for its prosperity on the existence of the copious and usually pellucid stream, which here bursts forth from Mendip's hidden reservoirs. This is the source of the Axe, which winds its way through the lower lands, and after uniting with the sister stream of Cheddar, flows into the sea near Weston-super-mare. From Wookey-Hole the southern slope of Mendip rises in an unbroken sweep till it reaches a thousand feet above the sea, commanding a magnificent view to the east, south, and west. It is not a limestone cave in the ordinary sense of the word, since every known cavity in the immediate vicinity is not in the Carboniferous Limestone, but in the Dolomitic Conglomerate, which here attains enormous thickness. To the north, the great mass of Carboniferous Limestone, receiving the water of innumerable springs from the Old Red Sandstone and Shales and from a generous rainfall, engulfs it in a countless number of swallets, many of which are insignificant, whilst some of the larger have been opened by our exploring parties during the past few years, and followed through unimagined beauties to profound depths.

scholarly journals Telephone consultations to manage paediatric outpatient clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic: a service evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowri M. Edwards ◽  
Mair Parry
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
North West ◽  
Population Spread ◽  
Large Geographical Area ◽  
Paediatric Outpatient

Abstract Background North West Wales is predominantly rural with a relatively small population spread over a large geographical area. The rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a radical re-thinking of how to provide continuing paediatric outpatient care in the face of a lockdown. The solution adopted was to use telephone consultations. Aims This study took place during the summer of 2020, after the first lockdown had been relaxed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of telephone consultations as an alternative to conventional paediatric outpatient appointments and assess whether it could continue to have a useful role beyond the pandemic. Methods Two hundred ninety-five telephone surveys were conducted with respondents, most of whom were carers of paediatric outpatients. Questions explored the child’s underlying condition, respondents’ attitudes towards the service received, social factors including distance previously travelled to the hospital and whether they would find ongoing telephone review acceptable or not. Results Sixty-one percent of respondents expressed a positive interest in ongoing telephone consultations. They commented particularly on compatibility with work commitments, childcare arrangements and travel times. Those travelling more than 1 h were particularly positive in their support. Respondents expressed the continued need for face-to-face review if the child’s condition changed acutely. Conclusion Telephone consultations are an acceptable means of improving clinic punctuality, accessibility and convenience for families in rural areas, with ongoing potential beyond the pandemic. Careful consideration is required of the individual’s needs and requirement for physical examination when extending the use of telephone consultations.

Using opportunistic photo-identifications to detect a population decline of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British and Irish waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Beck ◽  
Andrew D. Foote ◽  
Sandra Kötter ◽  
Olivia Harries ◽  
Laura Mandleberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Killer Whale ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Small Population ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Bayesian Formulation

An assemblage of killer whales that has been sighted in waters off the west coast of the British Isles and Ireland has previously been shown to be isolated from other North Atlantic killer whale communities based on association patterns. By applying a Bayesian formulation of the Jolly–Seber mark-recapture model to the photo-identification data compiled from opportunistic photographic encounters with this population of killer whales, we show that such sparse and opportunistically-collected data can still be valuable in estimating population dynamics of small, wide-ranging groups. Good quality photo-identification data was collected from 32 encounters over 19 years. Despite a cumulative total of 77 identifications from these encounters, just ten individuals were identified and the remaining 67 identifications were re-sights of these ten animals. There was no detected recruitment through births during the study and, as a result, the population appears to be in a slight decline. The demography of the population was highly skewed towards older individuals and had an unusually high ratio of adult males, and we suggest that demographic stochasticity due to a small population size may be further impacting the population growth rate. We recommend that this population be managed as a separate conservation unit from neighbouring killer whale populations.

scholarly journals Identification of priority areas for plant conservation in Madagascar using Red List criteria: rare and threatened Pandanaceae indicate sites in need of protection

Oryx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin W. Callmander ◽  
George E. Schatz ◽  
Porter P. Lowry II ◽  
Michel O. Laivao ◽  
Jeannie Raharimampionona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Risk Of Extinction

AbstractA major problem in establishing effective protocols for conserving Madagascar's biodiversity is the lack of reliable information for the identification of priority sites in need of protection. Analyses of field data and information from herbarium collections for members of the plant family Pandanaceae (85 spp. of Pandanus; 6 spp. of Martellidendron) showed how risk of extinction assessments can inform conservation planning. Application of IUCN Red List categories and criteria showed that 91% of the species are threatened. Mapping occurrence revealed centres of richness and rarity as well as gaps in Madagascar's existing protected area network. Protection of 10 additional sites would be required to encompass the 19 species currently lacking representation in the reserve network, within which east coast littoral forests are particularly under represented and important. The effect of scale on assessments of risk of extinction was explored by applying different grid cell sizes to estimate area of occupancy. Using a grid cell size within the range suggested by IUCN overestimates threatened status if based solely upon specimen data. For poorly inventoried countries such as Madagascar measures of range size based on such data should be complemented with field observations to determine population size, sensitivity to disturbance, and specific threats to habitat and therefore potential population decline. The analysis of such data can make an important contribution to the conservation planning process by identifying threatened species and revealing the highest priority sites for their conservation.

scholarly journals Conservation status and recovery of Podocarpus angustifolius: a threatened tree of Cuba

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ernesto Testé ◽  
Majela Hernández ◽  
Eldis R. Bécquer ◽  
Oliver Valle ◽  
Luis R. González-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Red List ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract The recovery of species’ populations is one of the most challenging tasks in conservation, which is why species recovery is most likely to be successful if it involves as many stakeholders as possible. Podocarpus angustifolius, a tree endemic to Cuba, is potentially threatened by overexploitation, deforestation and expansion of exotic species. In December of 2017, in two protected areas containing the only known subpopulations of this species, we recorded the geographical position, height, and diameter at breast height of each individual, and calculated the extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO). We recorded a total of 575 individuals, 174 of which were adult (defined as ≥ 6 m height on the basis of the occurrence of reproductive structures), and most of which occurred in Lomas de Banao Ecological Reserve. The EOO and AOO were 125.8 km2 and 6.0 km2, respectively. All P. angustifolius that remain in the wild are within two protected areas, either in rainforest relicts or in coffee plantations. The size structure indicates a growing population. Based on our findings we recommend that P. angustifolius should be recategorized from Vulnerable (on the IUCN Red List) and Critically Endangered (on the national Red List) to Endangered, based on criterion D (small population size). We recommend the continued reinforcement of the population at Topes de Collantes Natural Protected Landscape and the continued engagement of local stakeholders for the long-term conservation of this species.

scholarly journals Modelling Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) lek sites distribution and their limiting factors in a central Norwegian managed forest landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Gustav Thingstad ◽  
Marc Daverdin ◽  
James D. M. Speed
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Tetrao Urogallus ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Mature Stands

Forest management has substantially altered Fennoscandian forests through clear-cutting practices started during the 1950s. Impacts on the natural biodiversity in mature boreal forest have been inevitable. The Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) is often regarded as an indicator species for natural old growth forest, displaying on traditional lek sites during spring. In a heterogeneous forest landscape of two adjoining municipalities in central Norway we studied whether forest management or other environmental factors can have influenced the lek distribution. We identified 15 active leks and 12 recently abandoned leks. The maximum entropy distribution modelling (MaxEnt) was used to investigate factors associated with lek distribution at two different scales, where the scale reflecting the lek site areas gave the most adequate result. Active leks were predominantly associated with mature stands of forest. In 65% of the study area the habitat suitability for lekking was most influenced by forest management. Furthermore, the recently abandoned leks were found less frequently in low productive and mature forests than the still active ones, implying that previous leks in productive forest stands may have been lost through logging. Based on our data we have developed models for the predicted distribution and the current limiting factors, showing that altered forest management could improve lek site suitability in large parts of this boreal forest.

scholarly journals The need to understand the cultural biographies of alpine and subalpine landscapes during Later Prehistory: Upland Archaeology in the Cantabrian Mountains

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. González-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Cantabrian Mountains ◽  
North West ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Environmental Sequences

Current debates around the Anthropocene tend to focus on recent planetary-scale processes. However, regional and small-scale processes can be very telling about human agency in the shaping of landscapes overtime. Indeed, anthropogenic impacts of different intensities can be observed on landscapes since Prehistory – even in such remote and allegedly marginal areas as deserts, wetlands or mountains. In this article, I reflect on the long-term anthropization of alpine and subalpine areas in the western area of the Cantabrian Mountains (North-West of Iberia) in Later Prehistory. Studying the earlier anthropogenic pressure on upland environs in this period reminds us of the potential of landscape archaeology to enhance interdisciplinarity in debates about the Anthropocene. With the aim of emphasizing the role of archaeology as a mediating arena between social sciences, humanities and earth sciences, I analyse the scarce archaeological information available for upland landscapes of this study area to show how these datasets can nuance evolutionary interpretations of paleo-environmental sequences studied at natural deposits. Only through integrated and comprehensive discussions around the cultural and environmental traits of landscapes will we be able to fully understand the complex social contexts where agrarian labour and collective action shaped the alpine and subalpine areas in the Cantabrian Mountains since the spread of the Neolithic.

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