Effect of landscape variables on the long-term decline of Great Argus in the rainforest of Southern Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
THANEE DAWRUENG ◽  
DUSIT NGOPRASERT ◽  
GEORGE A. GALE ◽  
STEPHEN BROWNE ◽  
TOMMASO SAVINI
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryIn Thailand, as for most of South-East Asia, large vertebrates are declining rapidly due to habitat degradation and increasing hunting pressure. Once relatively common in the evergreen forest of Southern Thailand, the Great ArgusArgusianus argusis currently limited to a few populations, whose status is currently unknown. In this study we investigated changes in Great Argus abundance over the past 13 years in Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary. Our aim was to estimate and compare the abundance and density of this species from an earlier two-year survey in 2001–2002 and ours in 2014, and to assess the effect of landscape change on its status of the species. We conducted surveys from March to August 2014 during the breeding season. We placed point counts that overlapped the line transects from the 2001–2002 survey. The results indicated a decline of > 35% in mean abundance from 2001 to 2014. In addition, male abundance has shifted and is now positively related to distance from the forest edge. High levels of human disturbance close to the forest edge may have resulted in the birds moving to the core of the forest, suggesting a need to increase protection and management of forest edge areas. In common with other studies of large vertebrates, our results confirm the importance of long-term studies to highlight the negative effects of human disturbance.

scholarly journals CONGENITAL ANOMALIES IN CHILDREN OF UKRAINE: 25-YEAR MONITORING OF MORBIDITY AND PREVALENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2193-2197
Author(s):  
Oleksandr P. Volosovets ◽  
Tetyana O. Kryuchko ◽  
Viktor L. Veselskyi ◽  
Sergii P. Kryvopustov ◽  
Tetiana M. Volosovets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Child Population ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Studies

The aim: Of the work was to study 25-year trends in the incidence of congenital anomalies in the child population of Ukraine in order to determine the impact of ecotoxic environmental factors on their development, in particular radiation. Materials and methods: Methods of statistical assessment, epidemiological analysis of materials at the Center for Medical Statistics of the MOH of Ukraine were used. Results: The rate of congenital anomalies growth for the recent 25 years has exceeded the growth rate of the total incidence in the child population of Ukraine by 1.6 times, occupying the leading place in Europe by the level of environment pollution. Over the last 25 years, the growth of the Ukrainian children’s congenital anomalies incidence level by 59.5% is observed, mostly in children from large industrial regions of Ukraine, due to the significant ecotoxic effect of pollutants on the child’s body. Children living permanently in the areas contaminated by the Chernobyl accident had significantly higher rates of congenital anomalies in 1986 than in the early 1990s, but over the recent 25 years the incidence in this contingent has decreased. Conclusions: The results of such long-term studies performed by a group of leading Ukrainian scientists from different regions of Ukraine indicate that in children experiencing negative effects of ecotoxic factors, including radiation, an increase in the detection and prevalence of congenital defects is observed, which requires complex international and intersectoral measures to prevent and reduce child mortality.

scholarly journals Medium-sized and large mammals of the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractivist Reserve, Acre, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Marcela Alvares Oliveira ◽  
Armando Muniz Calouro
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Food Taboos ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Long Term Studies

The medium-sized and large mammals of the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractivist Reserve, Acre, Brazil are inventoried. Data were collected using five methods: line transects, opportunistic sightings, camera trapping, hunting calendar, and hunting interviews. In total, 52 species belonging to 27 families were recorded; 11 species are threatened. We discuss the factors, such as hunting, that affect the occurrence of these species. In addition, we document the food taboos for Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792) and Dinomys branickii Peters, 1873, two threatened species. The confirmed occurrence of threatened species in the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractivist Reserve makes long-term studies necessary to obtain essential information for the understanding the viability of these populations.

scholarly journals Current status of the threatened Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti in Spain: overestimation, decline, and extinction of local populations

Oryx ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Tella ◽  
Matthias Vögeli ◽  
David Serrano ◽  
Martina Carrete
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
European Population ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Dupont’S Lark

The European population of Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti, restricted to Spanish steppe, was estimated to be 13,000 pairs in c. 50 populations in 1988. There is, however, recent evidence that this number was overestimated because of the previous use of line transects for estimating population sizes. In 2002–2004 we surveyed 34 previously known local populations in patches of variable size across half of its Spanish distribution. We found 13 (38%) local populations to be extinct, and a total of only 283–339 territories in 17 of the extant populations, seven of which held <5 territories. This census contrasts dramatically with the estimate of c. 3,000 pairs in the same populations in the 1980s. We estimate that the present Spanish population is c. 1,300 pairs. The discrepancy between this and earlier estimates is partly but not entirely due to previous overestimations. Habitat loss due to ploughing, and possibly habitat degradation and the resulting stochastic extinction of small and isolated populations, have contributed to the species' decline. Urgent research is needed to design and manage an adequate network of steppe patches that will ensure the long-term existence of this species. We recommend that Dupont's lark be categorized on the IUCN Red List as Endangered, both globally and nationally within Spain.

Hydropower reservoir reduces Great Argus Argusianus argus density in proximity to its shore

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
TIWA ONG-IN ◽  
TOMMASO SAVINI
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydropower Reservoir

Summary Habitat degradation due to hydropower development within protected areas has a marked negative effect on resident wildlife species. However, efforts to develop appropriate conservation and management plans are hampered by a general lack of quantitative information and a poor understanding of relevant ecological constraints. Great Argus Argusianus argus, a large galliform species sensitive to habitat degradation, can reflect the impacts of the Chiew Larn reservoir in southern Thailand on local wildlife. Great Argus abundance in the remaining lowland areas of Khlong Saeng Wildlife Sanctuary (KSWS) was estimated using line transects along the Chiew Larn reservoir edges and in the forest interior between February and April 2017. The population estimate for KSWS was 108 individuals (95% CI: 41–272) based on the sampled area of 18.06 km2, with a density estimate of 5.9 calling males/km2. The abundance increased with increased distance from the reservoir shoreline, which might be related to the high level of direct and indirect human disturbance close to the hydropower reservoir.

Anaerobic co-digestion of surplus yeast and wastewater to increase energy recovery in breweries

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neira ◽  
D. Jeison
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Long Term Studies

Surplus yeast is a residue produced during brewery process, which presents high contents of organic matter. Biogas production from yeast could significantly contribute to bioenergy production in breweries, via biogas generation. Co-digestion of surplus yeast and brewery wastewater in a single treatment step would simplify the technical and economical requirements for the transformation of both residues into biogas. The feasibility of such co-digestion process was studied by means of batch tests and a lab-scale UASB reactor operation. The effect of applying three pre-treatments (thermal, chemical and mechanical) to the surplus yeast was also studied. Results showed that co-digestion of yeast and brewery wastewater is feasible, since no negative effects of the joint digestion were observed. Pre-treatments tested in this research produced no significant improvements on biogas yield or digestion rates. Even though no negative effects were observed when digesting wastewater and yeast in a UASB reactor after 70 days, long-term studies would be needed in order to detect potential negative effects over granular sludge development, sometimes observed during the treatment of some wastewaters containing suspended solids.

scholarly journals Uptake and Accumulation of Nano/Microplastics in Plants: A Critical Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2935
Author(s):  
Imran Azeem ◽  
Muhammad Adeel ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Ahmad ◽  
Noman Shakoor ◽  
Gama Dingba Jiangcuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence ◽  
Long Term Studies

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment is an undeniable and serious concern due to their higher persistence and extensive use in agricultural production. This review highlights the sources and fate of MPs and NPs in soil and their uptake, translocation, and physiological effects in the plant system. We provide the current snapshot of the latest reported studies with the majority of literature spanning the last five years. We draw attention to the potential risk of MPs and NPs in modern agriculture and their effects on plant growth and development. We also highlight their uptake and transport pathways in roots and leaves via different exposure methods in plants. Conclusively, agricultural practices, climate changes (wet weather and heavy rainfall), and soil organisms play a major role in transporting MPs and NPs in soil. NPs are more prone to enter plant cell walls as compared to MPs. Furthermore, transpiration pull is the dominant factor in the plant uptake and translocation of plastic particles. MPs have negligible negative effects on plant physiological and biochemical indicators. Overall, there is a dire need to establish long-term studies for a better understanding of their fate and associated risks mechanisms in realistic environment scenarios for safe agricultural functions.

scholarly journals ARE ORGANIC PLANT PRODUCTS OF MORE IMPROVED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION THAN CONVENTIONAL ONES?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Golijan ◽  
Mile Sečanski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
Long Term Studies

Considering negative effects of conventional agricultural production, organic food production is a sustainable  approach to the production, which preserves the environment and protects human health. Organic products are products of high quality, without residues of pesticides and other harmful chemicals. Through the review of literature data, authors of this paper presented a comparison of chemical compositions of organically and conventionally grown plants and their products. Dry matter, nitrates, sugars, vitamins, macro- and micro-elements, as well as, secondary metabolites have been singled out. According to obtained data, organic products contain more dry matter, significantly less nitrates, less proteins and a higher proportion of amino acids, more sugars, vitamin C, numerous macro- and micro-elements (particularly Fe, Mg and P), more polyphenols and they have higher total antioxidant capacity than conventional products. Although many authors have been dealing for many years with the comparison of the nutritional composition of organic and conventional food products, a clear consensus that organic products have the improved chemical composition compared to conventional products has not been reached yet, i.e. the answers are ambivalent. Therefore, further long-term studies are necessary in order to clarify the existing doubts.  

Are Violent Video Games Harmful?

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Porter ◽  
Vladan Starcevic
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Violent Video Games ◽  
Film Violence ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Long Term Studies

Objective: The aim of this paper is to revisit the controversial issue of the association of violent video games and aggressive behaviour. Conclusions: Several lines of evidence suggest that there is a link between exposure to violent video games and aggressive behaviour. However, methodological shortcomings of research conducted so far make several interpretations of this relationship possible. Thus, aggressive behaviour may be a consequence of playing violent video games, an expression of hostile traits that existed before exposure to these games, and/or it may be a result of several possible combinations of these and other factors. Mental health professionals need to be aware of these potentially negative effects of violent video games when assessing patients who present with aggression. There is a need for prospective, long-term studies similar to those evaluating the effects of television and film violence on children and adolescents.

Implications of Long-Term Studies of Three Model Preschool Programs for Head Start

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Schweinhart ◽  
Elena V. Malofeeva ◽  
Lawrence J. Schweinhart ◽  
Michelle M. Englund ◽  
Arthur J. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Preschool Programs ◽  
Long Term Studies

Primary varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Partsch
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryBackground: Compression stockings are widely used in patients with varicose veins. Methods: Based on published literature three main points are discussed: 1. the rationale of compression therapy in primary varicose veins, 2. the prescription of compression stockings in daily practice, 3. studies required in the future. Results: The main objective of prescribing compression stockings for patients with varicose veins is to improve subjective leg complaints and to prevent swelling after sitting and standing. No convincing data are available concerning prevention of progression or of complications. In daily practice varicose veins are the most common indication to prescribe compression stockings. The compliance depends on the severity of the disorder and is rather poor in less severe stages. Long-term studies are needed to proof the cost-effectiveness of compression stockings concerning subjective symptoms and objective signs of varicose veins adjusted to their clinical severity. Conclusion: Compression stockings in primary varicose veins are able to improve leg complaints and to prevent swelling.

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