Hydropower reservoir reduces Great Argus Argusianus argus density in proximity to its shore

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
TIWA ONG-IN ◽  
TOMMASO SAVINI
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydropower Reservoir

Summary Habitat degradation due to hydropower development within protected areas has a marked negative effect on resident wildlife species. However, efforts to develop appropriate conservation and management plans are hampered by a general lack of quantitative information and a poor understanding of relevant ecological constraints. Great Argus Argusianus argus, a large galliform species sensitive to habitat degradation, can reflect the impacts of the Chiew Larn reservoir in southern Thailand on local wildlife. Great Argus abundance in the remaining lowland areas of Khlong Saeng Wildlife Sanctuary (KSWS) was estimated using line transects along the Chiew Larn reservoir edges and in the forest interior between February and April 2017. The population estimate for KSWS was 108 individuals (95% CI: 41–272) based on the sampled area of 18.06 km2, with a density estimate of 5.9 calling males/km2. The abundance increased with increased distance from the reservoir shoreline, which might be related to the high level of direct and indirect human disturbance close to the hydropower reservoir.

scholarly journals The genetic legacy of fragmentation and overexploitation in the threatened medicinal African pepper-bark tree, Warburgia salutaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annae M. Senkoro ◽  
Pedro Talhinhas ◽  
Fernanda Simões ◽  
Paula Batista-Santos ◽  
Charlie M. Shackleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Genetic Diversity Management ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe pepper-bark tree (Warburgia salutaris) is one of the most highly valued medicinal plant species worldwide. Native to southern Africa, this species has been extensively harvested for the bark, which is widely used in traditional health practices. Illegal harvesting coupled with habitat degradation has contributed to fragmentation of populations and a severe decline in its distribution. Even though the species is included in the IUCN Red List as Endangered, genetic data that would help conservation efforts and future re-introductions are absent. We therefore developed new molecular markers to understand patterns of genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow of W. salutaris in one of its most important areas of occurrence (Mozambique). In this study, we have shown that, despite fragmentation and overexploitation, this species maintains a relatively high level of genetic diversity supporting the existence of random mating. Two genetic groups were found corresponding to the northern and southern locations. Our study suggests that, if local extinctions occurred in Mozambique, the pepper-bark tree persisted in sufficient numbers to retain a large proportion of genetic diversity. Management plans should concentrate on maintaining this high level of genetic variability through both in and ex-situ conservation actions.

Effect of landscape variables on the long-term decline of Great Argus in the rainforest of Southern Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
THANEE DAWRUENG ◽  
DUSIT NGOPRASERT ◽  
GEORGE A. GALE ◽  
STEPHEN BROWNE ◽  
TOMMASO SAVINI
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryIn Thailand, as for most of South-East Asia, large vertebrates are declining rapidly due to habitat degradation and increasing hunting pressure. Once relatively common in the evergreen forest of Southern Thailand, the Great ArgusArgusianus argusis currently limited to a few populations, whose status is currently unknown. In this study we investigated changes in Great Argus abundance over the past 13 years in Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary. Our aim was to estimate and compare the abundance and density of this species from an earlier two-year survey in 2001–2002 and ours in 2014, and to assess the effect of landscape change on its status of the species. We conducted surveys from March to August 2014 during the breeding season. We placed point counts that overlapped the line transects from the 2001–2002 survey. The results indicated a decline of > 35% in mean abundance from 2001 to 2014. In addition, male abundance has shifted and is now positively related to distance from the forest edge. High levels of human disturbance close to the forest edge may have resulted in the birds moving to the core of the forest, suggesting a need to increase protection and management of forest edge areas. In common with other studies of large vertebrates, our results confirm the importance of long-term studies to highlight the negative effects of human disturbance.

scholarly journals FRI0632-HPR PSYCHOLOGICAL PARTICULIARITIES OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM MONOGENIC AUTO-INFLAMMATORY DISEASES.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 920.1-921
Author(s):  
N. Stepanenko ◽  
E. Fedorov ◽  
S. Salugina ◽  
S. Feoktistova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Communicative Disorders ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Level

Background:Monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases (mAID) are a group of severe chronic multisystemic diseases with recurring episodes of fever and other manifestations that significantly affect the patients’ life quality. Moreover, the hyper expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, etc.) observed in these patients may have a negative effect on the central nervous system.Objectives:to study the state of the cognitive and emotional spheres in children suffering from monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases.Methods:there were examined 22 children at the age of 7 to 17 years old diagnosed with CAPS-9, TRAPS-8, FMF-5. Among them there were 12 boys and 10 girls. The diagnosis in all the patients was confirmed through detection of pathogenic mutations in the NLRP3, TNFRSF1A and MEFV genes. The following methods were used: a clinical conversation; memory diagnostics (learning by heart of 10 words, a pictogram using cues taking into account the patients’ age); attention diagnostics (Schulte tables); thinking diagnostics (establishing a sequence of events, “four is a crwod”, simple analogies, interpretation of proverbs); emotional and communicative fields (the Eight-Color Luscher Test; CMAS (adaptation by A. Prikhozhan); STAI test, a drawing called “an animal that does not exist” and “a house-a tree-a man”).Results:The memory study revealed in all patients with TRAPS and FMF high and medium values of short-term and long-term memory, in patients with CAPS - a low level of short-term auditory-speech memory, information storage and indirect memorization in 1/3 of patients. In 100% of the examined patients with TRAPS, a significant decrease in all processes of attention and distribution of attention. In 1/3 of patients with CAPS, an increased exhaustion of attention was registered and in 11% - a decrease in its stability. In patients with FMF, attention disorders were not detected. In 44% of patients with CAPS, a decrease in the level of generalization and difficulties in establishing causal relationships were registered. In 25% of patients with TRAPS a decrease in the level of generalization, in 12.5%- difficulties in establishing cause-effect relationships, inertia of thinking in 37.5%. In 60% of patients with FMF: a decrease in the level of generalization, in 80%: difficulties in establishing cause-effect relationships, inertia of thinking in 20%. In the emotional sphere, patients with CAPS, TRAPS, and FMF demonstrated signs of aggression (11.1%, 20% and 20% of patients, respectively), communicative disorders (77.8% -80% - 80%), and reduced social adaptation (55.5% - 80% - 80%), a tendency to form neurotic fears (22% - 40% - 40%). A high level of personal anxiety was noted in 1/3 of patients with CAPS and 40% of patients with FMF.Conclusion:various psychological disorders in the cognitive and emotional fields were noted in the majority of the examined patients with monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases. In patients with TRAPS, attention processes are most significantly affected; in patients with CAPS, memory is more often affected. In patients with FMF, disorders in thinking processes are revealed more often. In the emotional sphere, most patients with all the three forms of AID note communicative disorders and social adaptation.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Financial Constraints, Stock Returns and R&D in Indian Stock Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292098839
Author(s):  
Pankaj Sinha ◽  
Priya Sawaliya
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Common Shocks ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Security Returns ◽  
Indian Stock Market

When the accessibility of external finance prohibits a firm from taking the optimum decision related to investment, that firm is called financially constrained. By applying the methodology of Kaplan and Zingales (1997) and Lamont et al. (2001), the current study has created a construct to gauge the level of financial constraints (FC) of the companies which emanate from quantitative information. The study explores whether FC factor is present in the Indian stock market and explores whether the security returns of those firms that are financially constrained move in tandem. The study also attempts to establish the association between security returns and R&D of financially constrained firms. On a sample of 63 R&D reporting companies of S&P BSE 500, traded over the period March 2008 to February 2019, the study used the Fama–French methodology, fixed effect model and the ordered logistic regression. The study finds that firms that are highly constrained earn more returns than low constrained firms. Second, the security returns of firms that are financially constrained move in tandem because these firms are affected by common shocks. This suggests that the FC factor exists in the Indian stock market. Finally, when R&D interacts with the level of FC, then this interaction effect has a negative effect on returns.

A proposal to enhance national capability to manage epidemics: The critical importance of expert statistical input including official statistics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
N.I. Fisher ◽  
D.J. Trewin
Keyword(s):  
Data Streams ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Integration Analysis

Given the high level of global mobility, pandemics are likely to be more frequent, and with potentially devastating consequences for our way of life. With COVID-19, Australia is in relatively better shape than most other countries and is generally regarded as having managed the pandemic well. That said, we believe there is a critical need to start the process of learning from this pandemic to improve the quantitative information and related advice provided to policy makers. A dispassionate assessment of Australia’s health and economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic reveals some important inadequacies in the data, statistical analysis and interpretation used to guide Australia’s preparations and actions. For example, one key shortcoming has been the lack of data to obtain an early understanding of the extent of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases or the differences across age groups, occupations or ethnic groups. Minimising the combined health, social and economic impacts of a novel virus depends critically on ongoing acquisition, integration, analysis, interpretation and presentation of a variety of data streams to inform the development, execution and monitoring of appropriate strategies. The article captures the essential quantitative components of such an approach for each of the four basic phases, from initial detection to post-pandemic. It also outlines the critical steps in each stage to enable policy makers to deal more efficiently and effectively with future such events, thus enhancing both the social and the economic welfare of its people. Although written in an Australian context, we believe most elements would apply to other countries as well.

scholarly journals Long Term Interactions of Native and Invasive Species in a Marine Protected Area Suggest Complex Cascading Effects Challenging Conservation Outcomes

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Charalampos Dimitriadis ◽  
Ivoni Fournari-Konstantinidou ◽  
Laurent Sourbès ◽  
Drosos Koutsoubas ◽  
Stelios Katsanevakis
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
High Level

Understanding the interactions among invasive species, native species and marine protected areas (MPAs), and the long-term regime shifts in MPAs is receiving increased attention, since biological invasions can alter the structure and functioning of the protected ecosystems and challenge conservation efforts. Here we found evidence of marked modifications in the rocky reef associated biota in a Mediterranean MPA from 2009 to 2019 through visual census surveys, due to the presence of invasive species altering the structure of the ecosystem and triggering complex cascading effects on the long term. Low levels of the populations of native high-level predators were accompanied by the population increase and high performance of both native and invasive fish herbivores. Subsequently the overgrazing and habitat degradation resulted in cascading effects towards the diminishing of the native and invasive invertebrate grazers and omnivorous benthic species. Our study represents a good showcase of how invasive species can coexist or exclude native biota and at the same time regulate or out-compete other established invaders and native species.

Liquidus Temperature of Spinel Precipitating High-Level Waste Glasses

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mika ◽  
M. J. Schweiger ◽  
J. D. Vienna ◽  
P. Hrma
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Models ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Liquidus Temperature ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Hanford Site ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Level ◽  
Glass Viscosity

ABSTRACTThe liquidus temperature (TL) often limits the loading of high-level waste in glass through the constraint that TL must be at least 100°C below the temperature at which the glass viscosity is 5 Pa-s. In this study, values of TL for spinel primary crystalline phase were measured as a function of glass composition. The test glasses were based on high-iron Hanford Site tank wastes. All studied glasses precipitated spinel (Ni,Fe,Mn)(Cr,Fe)2O4 as the primary crystalline phase. TL was increased by additions of Cr2O3, NiO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, and MnO; while Li2O, Na2O, B2O3, and SiO2 had a negative effect. Empirical mixture models were fitted to data.

Characterizing response quantity on academic social Q&A sites: a multidiscipline comparison of linguistic characteristics of questions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Anrunze Li ◽  
Xue Song ◽  
Xinran Li ◽  
Kun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Disciplines ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Academic Communication ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeAs academic social Q&A networking websites become more popular, scholars are increasingly using them to meet their information needs by asking academic questions. However, compared with other types of social media, scholars are less active on these sites, resulting in a lower response quantity for some questions. This paper explores the factors that help explain how to ask questions that generate more responses and examines the impact of different disciplines on response quantity.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines 1,968 questions in five disciplines on the academic social Q&A platform ResearchGate Q&A and explores how the linguistic characteristics of these questions affect the number of responses. It uses a range of methods to statistically analyze the relationship between these linguistic characteristics and the number of responses, and conducts comparisons between disciplines.FindingsThe findings indicate that some linguistic characteristics, such as sadness, positive emotion and second-person pronouns, have a positive effect on response quantity; conversely, a high level of function words and first-person pronouns has a negative effect. However, the impacts of these linguistic characteristics vary across disciplines.Originality/valueThis study provides support for academic social Q&A platforms to assist scholars in asking richer questions that are likely to generate more answers across disciplines, thereby promoting improved academic communication among scholars.

scholarly journals Analysis and forecasts of Salmonella spp. antibiotic resistance in Dnipropetrovsk region (Ukraine)

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
H. A. Martynenko
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Level

The paper presents data of the research aimed at studying the species composition of major pathogens circulating in the region and the resistance to antibacterial drugs in pathogens of salmonella, one of the most common zoonoses. Within the period 2014–2018 the qualitative composition of microflora from biological and pathological materials from different groups of animals was studied in Dnipropetrovsk region. Own research results and the results of the regional veterinary statistical reporting were analyzed. Within the short period of five years, 237 cultures of Gram-negative bacteria were detected and studied. The dominant agent in the studied region was E. coli (56.7%) from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The second most frequent agent in the pathology was Salmonella spp. (10.5%). In total, 29 cultures of salmonella infection were isolated from six species of animals with a predominance of bird isolates. Thus, for different age groups of poultry the most common were S. Gallinarum-Pullorum (56%) and S. Enteritidis (32%). An antibiotic resistance increase in pathogenic salmonella was observed for β-lactam antibiotics (cefazolin, ceftriaxone), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin), as well as for tetracycline and polymyxin. Taking into consideration the high level of resistance against norfloxacin in the region’s dominant pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family, we performed a forecast in MS Excel graphically and added a trend line. In the course of work it was proved that the Dnipropetrovsk region is a geographic zone with a stable high (86 ± 3.7%) allocation from different groups of animals of Gram-negative microorganisms. It was found that local dominant pathogens are representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family (E. coli, Salmonella spp.). This data can be used as surrogate resistance markers. The epizootological patterns of animal salmonellosis are determined. It is shown the possibility of forecasting the distribution of antibiotic resistant strains in MS Excel in graphical form by adding a trend line, using quantitative information on the sensitivity of bacteria. Prospects for further research are the prevention and control of the emergence of resistance to antibiotics in veterinary medicine and agriculture in the region and in the country

scholarly journals LEGAL EDUCATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN PHYSICAL CULTURE LESSONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Evelina Ghantarchyan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Education Process

High level of legal culture is a key component for sophisticated development of a person. Legal education of schoolchildren strengthens their position in life, increases their civic engagement. The physical education process of schoolchildren, consistent with complex physical development, adequate physical preparedness and ensuring the development of special knowledge, creates quite favorable conditions for the legal education of pupils. The survey results indicated that schoolchildren have poor understanding of the role and importance of physical culture in the midst of multifaceted personality development. They do not consider the process of physical education as a tool of moral, intellectual, aesthetic, ideological and legal education.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document