Estimated Prevalence of Age-Associated Memory Impairment Derived From Standardized Tests of Memory Function

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn J. Larrabee ◽  
Thomas H. Crook
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Upper Bound Estimate ◽  
Clear Increase

Recent research on the prevalence of age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) has reflected considerable variability, with estimates ranging from 35% to 98%. This variability is attributed to (a) failure to employ the complete diagnostic criteria for AAMI and (b) failure to consider age as a variable in estimating prevalence. Analysis of published normative data on both standard clinical memory tests and computer-simulated everyday memory tests shows a clear increase in the percentage of persons meeting the AAMI memory performance criterion as a function of age. These data are offered as an upper-bound estimate of the prevalence of AAMI, by age decade.

scholarly journals Hippocampal network abnormalities explain amnesia after VGKCC-Ab related autoimmune limbic encephalitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 965-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Loane ◽  
Georgios P D Argyropoulos ◽  
Adriana Roca-Fernández ◽  
Carmen Lage ◽  
Fintan Sheerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
With Memory

ObjectiveLimbic encephalitis associated with antibodies to components of the voltage-gated potassium channel complex (VGKCC-Ab-LE) often leads to hippocampal atrophy and persistent memory impairment. Its long-term impact on regions beyond the hippocampus, and the relationship between brain damage and cognitive outcome, are poorly understood. We investigated the nature of structural and functional brain abnormalities following VGKCC-Ab-LE and its role in residual memory impairment.MethodA cross-sectional group study was conducted. Twenty-four VGKCC-Ab-LE patients (20 male, 4 female; mean (SD) age 63.86 (11.31) years) were recruited post-acutely along with age- and sex-matched healthy controls for neuropsychological assessment, structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Structural abnormalities were determined using volumetry and voxel-based morphometry; rs-fMRI data were analysed to investigate hippocampal functional connectivity (FC). Associations of memory performance with neuroimaging measures were examined.ResultsPatients showed selective memory impairment. Structural analyses revealed focal hippocampal atrophy within the medial temporal lobes, correlative atrophy in the mediodorsal thalamus, and additional volume reduction in the posteromedial cortex. There was no association between regional volumes and memory performance. Instead, patients demonstrated reduced posteromedial cortico-hippocampal and inter-hippocampal FC, which correlated with memory scores (r = 0.553; r = 0.582, respectively). The latter declined as a function of time since the acute illness (r = -0.531).ConclusionVGKCC-Ab-LE results in persistent isolated memory impairment. Patients have hippocampal atrophy with further reduced mediodorsal thalamic and posteromedial cortical volumes. Crucially, reduced FC of remaining hippocampal tissue correlates more closely with memory function than does regional atrophy.

Assessment of Everyday Memory in Rehabilitation Settings: A Review of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Brian E. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Everyday Memory ◽  
Age Norms ◽  
Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test ◽  
Acute Rehabilitation

The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) is reviewed and its utility in rehabilitation settings is explored. The RBMT purports to be “ecologically valid” — a test of everyday memory. It is concluded that the RBMT is quick and easy to administer, is available to a range of health professionals, and has high face validity as a measure of everyday memory performance. However, the normative sample obtained was relatively small, limited age-norms were provided, it did not assess incremental learning and there was a tendency to obtain a ceiling effect in non-clinical groups. Additional normative data have been reported by others. The RBMT is most likely to be useful in acute rehabilitation or with more impaired clinical groups and is recommended as a useful tool for the assessment of memory impairment.

scholarly journals Evidence for a pervasive autobiographical memory impairment in Logopenic Progressive Aphasia: clinical and neural correlates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Ramanan ◽  
David Foxe ◽  
Hashim El-Omar ◽  
Rebekah M. Ahmed ◽  
John R. Hodges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Memory Impairments

ABSTRACTLogopenic Progressive Aphasia is a rare language disorder characterised by repetition and naming difficulties, reflecting the progressive degeneration of left-lateralized peri-sylvian temporal and inferior parietal regions. Mounting evidence suggests that cognitive impairments in this syndrome extend beyond the language domain to include episodic encoding and retrieval disturbances. To date, it remains unknown whether autobiographical memories from across the lifespan are also subject to decline, yet this information is critical to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the Logopenic syndrome. The objective of this study was to provide the first in depth examination of autobiographical memory function in Logopenic Progressive Aphasia using the Autobiographical Interview, a validated semi-structured interview which assesses recollection of the past under free and probed recall conditions. Autobiographical memory performance in 10 well-characterised Logopenic Progressive Aphasia patients was contrasted with that of 18 typical amnestic Alzheimer’s disease and 16 healthy Control participants. Relative to Controls, Logopenic Progressive Aphasia cases showed marked impairment in the free recall of episodic details, scoring comparably to disease-matched cases of Alzheimer’s disease. This impairment was evident across all time periods and persisted even when formal structured probing was provided. Importantly, controlling for overall level of language disruption failed to ameliorate the autobiographical memory impairment in the Logopenic Progressive Aphasia group, suggesting a genuine amnesia spanning recent and remote memories. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that total episodic information retrieved in Logopenic Progressive Aphasia was associated with decreased grey matter intensity predominantly in a bilateral posterior parietal network. Taken together, our findings reveal for the first time the presence of marked remote and recent autobiographical memory impairments in Logopenic Progressive Aphasia, that cannot be explained solely due to their language difficulties or disease staging. Our findings hold important clinical implications for the accurate characterization of Logopenic Progressive Aphasia, and suggest that episodic memory difficulties should be considered as one of the core clinical features of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Memory impairment in multiple sclerosis: Relevance of hippocampal activation and hippocampal connectivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1705-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanneke E Hulst ◽  
Menno M Schoonheim ◽  
Quinten Van Geest ◽  
Bernard MJ Uitdehaag ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
The Right

Background: Memory impairment is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is unclear what functional brain changes underlie this cognitive deterioration. Objective: To investigate functional hippocampal activation and connectivity, in relation to memory performance in MS. Methods: Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired for 57 MS patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs), yielding hippocampal measures of volume, lesions, functional activation during a memory task and functional connectivity at rest. Memory function was based on two subtests of a larger neuropsychological test battery and related to hippocampal neuroimaging measures, using linear regression. Results: Hippocampal volume was lower in MS patients, as compared to HCs. In MS, hippocampal activation during the task was increased in cognitively preserved, but decreased in cognitively impaired, patients. Increased hippocampal connectivity was detected in MS patients, as compared to HCs, between the left hippocampus and the right posterior cingulate. Memory impairment in MS was explained (adjusted R2 = 0.27) by male gender, decreased hippocampal activation and increased hippocampal connectivity ( p = 0.001). Conclusions: Decreased activation of the hippocampus, increased connectivity and male gender were associated with worse memory performance in MS. These results indicate that increased activation and increased connectivity do not always coincide, and relate differently to cognitive dysfunction in MS.

Assessment of Olfactory Memory in Olfactory Dysfunction

Perception ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 516-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Kollndorfer ◽  
Johanna Reichert ◽  
Josephine Braunsteiner ◽  
Veronika Schöpf
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
Olfactory Perception ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Odor Memory ◽  
Perceptual Test

To assess all clinically relevant components of olfactory perception, examinations for olfactory sensitivity, discrimination, and identification are performed. Besides the standard perceptual test battery, episodic olfactory memory might offer additional information about olfactory abilities relative to these standard clinical tests. As both olfactory deficits and memory deficits are early symptoms in neurodegenerative disorders, olfactory memory may be of particular interest. However, to date little is known about episodic olfactory memory performance in patients with decreased olfactory function. This study includes the investigation of olfactory memory performance in 14 hyposmic patients (8 female, mean age 52.6 years) completing two episodic odor memory tests (Sniffin’ Test of Odor Memory and Odor Memory Test). To control for a general impairment in memory function, a verbal and a figural memory test were carried out. A regression model with multiple predictors was calculated for both odor memory tests separately. Odor identification was identified as the only significant predictor for both odor memory tasks. From our results, we conclude that currently available olfactory memory tests are highly influenced by odor identification abilities, implying the need for the development and validation of additional tests in this field which could serve as additional olfactory perception variables for clinical assessment.

Default Network Connectivity Is Linked to Memory Status in Multiple Sclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 937-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Leavitt ◽  
Jessica Paxton ◽  
James F. Sumowski
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Straightforward Method

AbstractMemory impairment affects 50% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Altered resting-state functional connectivity (FC) has been observed in the default network (DN) of MS patients. No study to date has examined the association of DN FC to its behavioral concomitant, memory. The approach of the present study represents a methodological shift allowing straightforward interpretation of FC alterations in MS, as it presupposes specificity of a network to its paired cognitive function. We examined FC from fMRI collected during rest in the DN of 43 MS patients with and without memory-impairment. Memory-intact patients showed increased DN FC relative to memory-impaired patients. There were no regions of higher FC in memory-impaired patients. DN FC was positively correlated with memory function, such that higher FC was associated with better memory performance. Results were unchanged after controlling for cognitive efficiency, supporting specificity of the DN to memory and not cognitive status more generally. These findings support DN FC as a marker of memory function in MS patients that can be targeted by future treatment interventions. Pairing a functional network with its behavioral concomitant represents a straightforward method for interpreting FC alterations in patients with MS. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–8)

Impact of Comorbid Depression on Serial Position Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke A. Hofrichter ◽  
Sandra Dick ◽  
Thomas G. Riemer ◽  
Carsten Schleussner ◽  
Monique Goerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Word List ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
List Memory

Hippocampal dysfunction and deficits in episodic memory have been reported for both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Primacy performance has been associated with hippocampus-dependent episodic memory, while recency may reflect working memory performance. In this study, serial position profiles were examined in a total of 73 patients with MDD, AD, both AD and MDD, and healthy controls (HC) by means of CERAD-NP word list memory. Primacy performance was most impaired in AD with comorbid MDD, followed by AD, MDD, and HC. Recency performance, on the other hand, was comparable across groups. These findings indicate that primacy in AD is impaired in the presence of comorbid MDD, suggesting additive performance decrements in this specific episodic memory function.

Learning From (Test) Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Mitton ◽  
Chris M. Fiacconi
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Explicit Feedback

Abstract. To date there has been relatively little research within the domain of metamemory that examines how individuals monitor their performance during memory tests, and whether the outcome of such monitoring informs subsequent memory predictions for novel items. In the current study, we sought to determine whether spontaneous monitoring of test performance can in fact help individuals better appreciate their memory abilities, and in turn shape future judgments of learning (JOLs). Specifically, in two experiments we examined recognition memory for visual images across three study-test cycles, each of which contained novel images. We found that across cycles, participants’ JOLs did in fact increase, reflecting metacognitive sensitivity to near-perfect levels of recognition memory performance. This finding suggests that individuals can and do monitor their test performance in the absence of explicit feedback, and further underscores the important role that test experience can play in shaping metacognitive evaluations of learning and remembering.

Introduction to the cognitive abilities account for the reminiscence bump in the temporal distribution of autobiographical memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve M. J. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Reminiscence Bump ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Cue Words

People tend to recall more specific personal events from adolescence and early adulthood than from other lifetime periods, a finding known as the reminiscence bump. Several explanations have suggested that events from the reminiscence bump are especially emotional, important, or positive, but studies using cue words have not found support for these claims. An alternative account postulates that cognitive abilities function optimally in adolescence and early adulthood, which may cause more memories to be stored in those lifetime periods. Although other studies have previously discussed the cognitive abilities account as a possible explanation for the reminiscence bump, it was only recently shown that cognitive abilities are indeed related to autobiographical memory performance. When this recent finding is combined with previous findings that cognitive abilities as well as autobiographical memory function optimally in adolescence and early adulthood, they suggest that the cognitive abilities account is a promising explanation for the reminiscence bump in the temporal distribution of word-cued memories. However, because the account does not aim to explain the reminiscence bump in the distribution of highly significant events, it should be regarded as complementary to the existing accounts.

scholarly journals Early stages of tau pathology and its associations with functional connectivity, atrophy and memory

Brain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Berron ◽  
Jacob W Vogel ◽  
Philip S Insel ◽  
Joana B Pereira ◽  
Long Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
With Memory

Abstract In Alzheimer’s disease, postmortem studies have shown that the first cortical site where neurofibrillary tangles appear is the transentorhinal region, a subregion within the medial temporal lobe that largely overlaps with area 35, and the entorhinal cortex. Here we used tau-PET imaging to investigate the sequence of tau pathology progression within the human medial temporal lobe and across regions in the posterior-medial system. Our objective was to study how medial temporal tau is related to functional connectivity, regional atrophy, and memory performance. We included 215 β-amyloid negative cognitively unimpaired, 81 β-amyloid positive cognitively unimpaired and 87 β-amyloid positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment, who each underwent [18]F-RO948 tau and [18]F-flutemetamol amyloid PET imaging, structural T1-MRI and memory assessments as part of the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study. First, event-based modelling revealed that the entorhinal cortex and area 35 show the earliest signs of tau accumulation followed by the anterior and posterior hippocampus, area 36 and the parahippocampal cortex. In later stages, tau accumulation became abnormal in neocortical temporal and finally parietal brain regions. Second, in cognitively unimpaired individuals, increased tau load was related to local atrophy in the entorhinal cortex, area 35 and the anterior hippocampus and tau load in several anterior medial temporal lobe subregions was associated with distant atrophy of the posterior hippocampus. Tau load, but not atrophy, in these regions was associated with lower memory performance. Further, tau-related reductions in functional connectivity in critical networks between the medial temporal lobe and regions in the posterior-medial system were associated with this early memory impairment. Finally, in patients with mild cognitive impairment, the association of tau load in the hippocampus with memory performance was partially mediated by posterior hippocampal atrophy. In summary, our findings highlight the progression of tau pathology across medial temporal lobe subregions and its disease-stage specific association with memory performance. While tau pathology might affect memory performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals via reduced functional connectivity in critical medial temporal lobe-cortical networks, memory impairment in mild cognitively impaired patients is associated with posterior hippocampal atrophy.

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