Craniometric Patterning within Ancient Peru

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann H. Ross ◽  
Douglas H. Ubelaker ◽  
Sonia Guillén

Numerous studies have used the Howells Peruvian sample from the province of Yauyos as the morphological representative for South America. Although Peru has a rich history of investigations of human skeletal remains, biological distance studies based on craniometrics are limited to nonexistent. This study examines the morphological variation found in Peru using the Howells sample and three additional coastal (Makatampu and Ancón) and highland (Cajamarca) samples. The between-group variation and the degree of among-group differentiation were tested using a canonical discriminant analysis and Mahalanobis D², respectively. All groups are significantly different from the Yauyos sample and results indicate a closer morphological affinity between coastal groups and the two highland groups.

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahit Yu. Khudaverdyan

Abstract The aim of the study is the assessment of biological distance between populations from Transcaucasia on the basis of the frequency of dental morphological traits. It is well known that these traits are characterised by a high inter-population differentiation, low sexual dimorphism, and their recording is loaded by relatively small intra and inter observer error. The dental morphological traits are successfully used in the description and explanation of the microevolutionary and ethnogenetic processes. This paper presents the results of the odontological differentiation of human populations from Transcaucasia. The comparative analysis was carried out on the basis of 12 groups. From the obtained results, we can draw the following conclusions: The populations of Armenian Highland and Georgia can be differentiated as far as the frequency of dental morphological traits are concerned. They also do not exhibit similar intragroup variability. Biocultural diversity of ancient Transcaucasian populations has not been studied extensively; therefore, delineating some of the patterns of phenotypic variation may be useful for understanding their ongoing evolution.


2017 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Kuzminsky ◽  
Omar Reyes Báez ◽  
Bernardo Arriaza ◽  
César Méndez ◽  
Vivien G. Standen ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Nicole A. Jastremski ◽  
Alejandra Sánchez-Polo

There is very little published literature regarding pre-Columbian burial practices that include human skeletal remains of the Napo culture (A.D. 1188–1480) in the western Amazon. Due to poor bone preservation and a history of looting practices, bioarchaeologists have rarely been able to collect, analyze, and interpret skeletal remains. Here, we provide the initial publication of a human skeleton from the Ecuadorian Amazon belonging to the Napo culture, preserved in a funerary urn acquired by the Museo de Arte Precolombino Casa del Alabado in Quito, Ecuador. This partial adult skeleton, radiocarbon dated to cal A.D. 1021–1155, consists primarily of broken long bones that indicate a robust individual with a height range of 160–170 cm. Although no trauma was observed, pathological conditions including cysts and likely Osgood-Schlatter’s disease were present and robust muscle insertions were noted. Taphonomic damage from termite osteophagy was inferred by the presence of round bore holes, cavities, tunneling, and cortical etching on the humerus, femur, and tibia. The urn itself is an anthropomorphic polychrome vessel that opens at the bottom, with six equally spaced holes to facilitate closure. The urn burial is similar to those of other Amazonian Polychrome Tradition cultures located to the east in Brazil.   Las prácticas funerarias precolombinas que incluyen restos humanos esqueléticos de la cultura Napo (1188–1480 D.C.), en el oeste de la Amazonía, han sido escasamente dadas a conocer en la literatura arqueológica. Debido a la pobre preservación de los huesos en ese medio y a una dilatada trayectoria de huaquerismo, desde la bioarqueología no ha sido posible recoger, analizar e interpretar restos humanos. Este artículo trata de solventar este vacío al atender desde una perspectiva bioarqueológica los restos óseos humanos provenientes de la Amazonía ecuatoriana pertenecientes a la cultura Napo, preservados en una urna funeraria que se conserva en el Museo de Arte Precolombino Casa del Alabado en Quito, Ecuador. Por un lado, este esqueleto parcial del que se conservan huesos largos fragmentados de un adulto fue datado mediante técnicas radiométricas entre 1021 y 1155 cal D.C.Habría sido una persona robusta, con una altura que oscilaría entre los 160 y 170 cm. Aunque no se ha observado ningún traumatismo, las patologías registradas incluyen quistes, como los debidos a la enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter, e inserciones musculares robustas. Entre las afecciones tafonómicas más relevantes, se han apreciado las causadas por osteofagia de termitas, las cuales se infieren por la presencia de perforaciones redondas, cavidades, túneles y decapado cortical en húmero, fémur y tibia. Por otro lado, la urna es un ejemplar antropomorfo policromado de apertura basal con seis orificios espaciados que ayudaban a cerrarla. El entierro en urna es similar a aquellos otros de las culturas de la Tradición Polícroma Amazónica localizadas al este en Brasil.


2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Nishida ◽  
Akiyo Naiki ◽  
Takayoshi Nishida

We examined variation in Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae) leaf domatium morphology with respect to domatium inhabitants in the tree's natural habitats. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that domatium morphology could be classified into four different types: pouch type, domatia with a narrow (about 0.06 mm) pubescent opening; pubescent pit type, domatia with a wider (about 0.21 mm) pubescent opening; glabrous pit type, domatia similar to the pubescent pit type but with a glabrous opening; and dish type, domatia with a wide (about 0.26 mm) glabrous opening. These four domatium types were found in different positions on a leaf, and domatia with narrower openings tended to occur in or near the position between the midrib and basal secondary veins. The four domatium types were associated, respectively, with herbivorous Eriophyidae mites and herbivorous or fungivorous Tarsonemidae mites; with carnivorous Stigmaeidae mites; with Stigmaeidae mites and egg shells or excuviae of carnivorous Phytoseiidae mites; and with egg shells or excuviae of Phytoseiidae mites. These results suggest that different mites use different domatia, even on the same C. camphora leaf. This conclusion may explain the different results in previous reports about domatium fauna. It suggests that ecological interactions within the plant–herbivore–carnivore system are complicated.Key words: carnivorous mite, Cinnamomum camphora, domatia, herbivorous mite, inhabitant, morphology.


2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-524
Author(s):  
Danijela Nikolic ◽  
Milica Spasic ◽  
Jasmina Sinzar-Sekulic ◽  
Vladimir Randjelovic ◽  
Dmitar Lakusic

The aim of this study was to quantify the morphological variation of nectaries among 14 populations of Jovibarba heuffelii based on multivariate statistics, and to establish whether nectaries possess taxonomic significance for differentiating taxa within the J. heuffelii complex. To this end, we measured the width of the nectary, its height, the angle between the carpels and nectary, the shape of the nectary and the distance between nectaries were measured and analyzed. Descriptive statistics, the Tukey HSD (honest significant difference) of homogenous groups for the unequal N post-hoc test, canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were used. Morphometric analysis showed that the quantitative and semiquantitative characteristics of nectaries in the J. heuffelii complex are highly morphologically variable, both within and between populations, and that they are unreliable as taxonomic characters for taxon differentiation within the J. heuffelii complex.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Toetik Koesbardiati

The face is one of the major variables in determining the biological characteristics of a population in the identification effort of human skeletal remains. This is not only important in the field of forensic anthropology but also the field of bioarchaeology. The purpose of this study is to describe the variation of facial angle in some of the world population. The method applied is anthropometry. The study material is the skull of nine world populations of Europe, North Africa, Subsahara Africa, South America, Inuit, Australomelanesia, Indonesia, Polynesia and China. The results showed that among the population tested, Australomelanesoid, Polynesian, Indonesian and African Subsahara populations had a prognathic face both on the even face, as well as the alveolar and facial projection. In contrast, the population groups of China, Europe, Inuit and North Africa are population groups that have faces of orthognath.  ABSTRAKWajah adalah salah satu variabel utama dalam menentukan ciri biologis suatu populasi pada usaha identifikasi sisa rangka manusia. Hal ini tidak hanya panting dalam bidang antropologi forensik tetapi juga bidang bioarkeologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan variasi sudut wajah pada beberapa populasi dunia. Metode yang diterapkan adalah antropometri. Bahan penelitian adalah tengkorak dari sembilan populasi dunia yaitu populasi Eropa, Afrika Utara, Afrika Subsahara, Amerika Selatan, Inuit, Australomelanesia, Indonesia, Polinesia dan China. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diantara populasi yang diuji, populasi Australomelanesoid, Polinesia, Indonesia dan Afrika Subsahara memiliki wajah yang prognath baik pada bagian wajah genap, maupun bagian alveolar serta proyeksi wajah. Sebaliknya kelompok populasi China, Eropa, Inuit dan Afrika Utara adalah kelompok populasi yang memiliki wajah orthognath.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 142-154
Author(s):  
Justina Kozakaitė ◽  
Rūta Brindzaitė ◽  
Žydrūnė Miliauskienė ◽  
Aistis Žalnora ◽  
Rimantas Jankauskas

This article briefly presents the history of the human osteological collection stored at the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University. The birth of such collection can be traced back to the mid-19th century (1855) with the establishment of the Museum of Antiquities. Until the mid-20th century, human skeletal remains were gathered sporadically and selectively, by collecting either skulls or long bones. Since the late 20th century, the policy of selection has changed and nowadays the collection consists of systematically assembled anthropological material of scientific value. The assemblage currently comprises more than 9.000 skeletal remains dating back from the Mesolithic to the Late Modern Era.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni-Anna Prevedorou ◽  
Jane E. Buikstra

ABSTRACTHuman skeletal remains constitute remarkably informative finds, both biologically and socioculturally. Their recovery, preservation, conservation, storage, and analysis are complex issues that need to be addressed within any given biocultural context. Given the country's geography and the long history of human occupation, Greek field archaeology is intense and ongoing, with both rescue and systematic excavations. Human burials are thus frequently encountered in excavations throughout Greece, resulting in the accumulation of osteological material. Some of the common challenges of bioarchaeological research in Greece consist of insufficient time, funding, and documentation in the field; unmet conservation needs and lack of storage space; as well as the long time-gap between excavation and analysis. Here, we give a brief overview of excavation, curation, and bioarchaeological practice within a Greek archaeological framework. We focus on the newly launched Phaleron Bioarchaeological Project on a vast necropolis from the wider Athens region in order to present our methodological approach. Finally, we consider the role of interdisciplinary collaboration in managing large-scale bioarchaeological projects and serving long-term heritage preservation goals.


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