Risk and Protective Factors that Impact Survival in Emergencies—The Time Has Come for an Upgrade in Preventive Emergency Population Behavior

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-509
Author(s):  
Bruria Adini ◽  
Robert Cohen ◽  
Yaron Bar-Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Oklahoma City Bombing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Insight Into

Mapping risk and protective factors that may result in increased chances of survival or a decrease in injuries and fatalities in mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) is an important component in the process of emergency preparedness. While expert risk analyses are based on calculations of probability and damage, public estimates of risks more often are based on qualitative factors. It is important to understand how the public, and not just professional experts, perceive and react to the threat of MCIs whether they stem from natural causes or terrorism. Glenshaw et al provide valuable insight into the impressions and responses of a sample of individuals, both injured and uninjured who were involved in the Oklahoma City bombing. Their analysis helps us better understand what factors influenced the risk of injury to the individuals involved in the event. The main risk factor themes that emerged from the analysis included environmental glass, debris, and entrapment. Protective factors included knowledge of egress routes, shielding behaviors to deflect debris, and survival training. Building design and health status were reported as both risk and protective factors.

Injury Perceptions of Bombing Survivors—Interviews from the Oklahoma City Bombing

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T. Glenshaw ◽  
Jon S. Vernick ◽  
Shannon Frattaroli ◽  
Sheryll Brown ◽  
Sue Mallonee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Oklahoma City Bombing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Decision Making Processes

AbstractIntroduction:Bombings, including the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, remain an important public health threat. However, there has been little investigation into the impressions of injury risk or protective factors of bombing survivors.Objective:This study analyzes Oklahoma City bombing survivors' impressions of factors that influenced their risk of injury, and validates a hazard timeline outlining phases of injury risk in a building bombing.Methods:In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted within a sample of Oklahoma City bombing survivors. Participants included 15 injured and uninjured survivors, who were located in three buildings surrounding the detonation site during the attack.Results:Risk factor themes included environmental glass, debris, and entrapment. Protective factors included knowledge of egress routes, shielding behaviors to deflect debris, and survival training. Building design and health status were reported as risk and protective factors. The hazard timeline was a useful tool, but should be modified to include a lay rescue phase. The combination of a narrative approach and direct questioning is an effective method of gathering the perceptions of survivors.Conclusions:Investigating survivors' impressions of building bombing hazards is critical to capture injury exposures, behavior patterns, and decision-making processes during actual events, and to identify interventions that will be supported by survivors.

Looking Back, Looking Forward: Examining the Processing of Abortion Experiences Using Public Abortion Narratives

Affilia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 088610992094453
Author(s):  
Laura E. T. Swan ◽  
Rebecca S. Rouland ◽  
Mickey Sperlich ◽  
Gretchen E. Ely ◽  
Connor Walters
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Abortion Procedure ◽  
Insight Into

Limited research has utilized public abortion narratives to understand how individuals process through their abortion experiences. To address this gap in the literature, this study used thematic analysis to consider the public abortion stories of 39 participants from the Tennessee Stories Project, focusing on how individuals process through these experiences and the context of the abortion experience in a person’s life course. Participants were primarily those who were abortion patients; however, abortion providers and supporters including partners or spouses, family members, and friends of those who received abortion care were also represented. Data analysis indicated that abortion seekers engage in introspection, involving political and religious/spiritual considerations; report specific feelings about their abortion experience, including having no regrets and feeling gratitude; process emotions related to the abortion experience by normalizing emotional responses and using mementos; and position their abortion in the context of their life, both in terms of their family and career opportunities and personal development. These findings provide valuable insight into how individuals process through the abortion experience, before, during, and after the abortion procedure, and suggest possible directions for service providers, advocates, and policy makers in order to better support abortion patients, providers, and family members.

Child Abuse and Neglect

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-135
Author(s):  
Syed Najmah Jameel ◽  
Shawkat Ahmad Shah
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
School Counsellors ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

Child abuse and neglect is a global problem which needs attention from every corner of the world. This chapter aims to investigate the definitions, types and causes of child neglect and abuse, as well as their impacts on children, risk and protective factors associated with child abuse and neglect, and child abuse neglect prevention and intervention. This chapter will provide an insight into problems faced by child abuse and neglect victims in particular because they are extremely vulnerable and incapable of defending themselves. This will in turn provide a base for school counsellors to have introspection on the existing frame of strategies/policies with this sensitive section of the population. It may provide baseline for designing new strategies in accordance with the needs of the victims of child abuse. Further it will be a unique way to address this complex social problem.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS ON TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN ADOLESCENCE

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Mafalda Ferreira ◽  
Margarida Gaspar de Matos ◽  
José Alves Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Key Words Adolescence

The purpose of this study is to analyse the relation between risk and protective factor and substance use in adolescence, including tobacco use, drunkenness and consumption of illicit drugs. The sample included 3494 students, mean age 15 years old, in the 8th and 10th grades from the public school system, of primary and secondary schools in Portugal. Data collection was held within the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) survey from 2010. For the purpose of this specific study, the questionnaire includes questions about risk and protective behaviors and substance use, namely tobacco, drunkenness and illicit drug consumption. Results confirmed that adolescents with higher levels of protective factors seem to consume fewer substances and adolescents who present higher levels of risk factors are more likely to consume all the substances in the study. There were statistically significant differences for the majority of risk and protective behaviours regarding tobacco, drunkenness and illicit drugs. Although risk factors have a higher impact on substance use, the existence of protective factors seems to fade such impact. Key words: adolescence, risk and protective factors, substance use.

Child Abuse and Neglect

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Syed Najmah Jameel ◽  
Shawkat Ahmad Shah
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
School Counsellors ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

Child abuse and neglect is a global problem which needs attention from every corner of the world. This chapter aims to investigate the definitions, types and causes of child neglect and abuse, as well as their impacts on children, risk and protective factors associated with child abuse and neglect, and child abuse neglect prevention and intervention. This chapter will provide an insight into problems faced by child abuse and neglect victims in particular because they are extremely vulnerable and incapable of defending themselves. This will in turn provide a base for school counsellors to have introspection on the existing frame of strategies/policies with this sensitive section of the population. It may provide baseline for designing new strategies in accordance with the needs of the victims of child abuse. Further it will be a unique way to address this complex social problem.

Study of the resistor material of an automotive spark plug by use of the charge-up effect along with elemental mapping in an electron microprobe

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
D. R. Liu ◽  
S. S. Shinozaki ◽  
J. S. Park ◽  
B. N. Juterbock
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Insight Into

The electric and thermal properties of the resistor material in an automotive spark plug should be stable during its service lifetime. Containing many elements and many phases, this material has a very complex microstructure. Elemental mapping with an electron microprobe can reveal the distribution of all relevant elements throughout the sample. In this work, it is demonstrated that the charge-up effect, which would distort an electron image and, therefore, is normally to be avoided in an electron imaging work, could be used to advantage to reveal conductive and resistive zones in a sample. Its combination with elemental mapping can provide valuable insight into the underlying conductivity mechanism of the resistor.This work was performed in a CAMECA SX-50 microprobe. The spark plug used in the present report was a commercial product taken from the shelf. It was sectioned to expose the cross section of the resistor. The resistor was known not to contain the precious metal Au as checked on the carbon coated sample. The sample was then stripped of carbon coating and re-coated with Au.

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