An Internet-based Exercise as a Component of an Overall Training Program Addressing Medical Aspects of Radiation Emergency Management

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Levy ◽  
Richard V. Aghababian ◽  
Erwin F. Hirsch ◽  
Domenic Screnci ◽  
Anna Boshyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Radiation Accident ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe use of ionizing radiation and radioactive materials continues to increase worldwide in industry, medicine, agriculture, research, electrical power generation, and nuclear weaponry. The risk of terrorism using weapons of mass destruction or simple radiological devices also has increased, leading to heightened concerns. Radiation accidents occur as a consequence of errors in transportation ofradionuclides, use of radiation in medical diagnosis and therapy, industrial monitoring and sterilization procedures, and rarely, nuclear power generation. Compared to other industries, a small number of serious radiation accidents have occurred over the last six decades with recent cases in the Republic of Georgia, Peru, Japan, and Thailand. The medical, psychological, and political consequences of such accidents can be considerable. A number of programs designed to train medical responders in the techniques of radiation accident management have been developed and delivered in many countries. The low frequency of serious radiation accidents requires constant re-training, as skills are lost and medical staff turnover occurs. Not all of the training involves drills or exercises in which responders demonstrate learning or communication over the broad spectrum of medical response capabilities. Medical preparedness within the context of a total emergency response program is lacking in many parts of the world, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States. This paper describes an effort to enhance medical preparedness in the context of a total program of international cooperation and conventions facilitated by the International Atomic Energy Agency. The paper concludes that novel application of telecommunications technology as part of a training activity in radiation accident preparedness can help address gaps in training in this field in which preparedness is essential but experience and practical field exercises are lacking.

Fundamental Study on Friction-Driven Gyroscopic Power Generator Works Under Arbitrary Vibration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Watanabe ◽  
Ryousuke Yuyama ◽  
Hiroshi Hosaka ◽  
Akira Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Inertial Force ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Circular Track

Abstract This paper describes a friction-driven gyro generator that works under arbitrary vibrations and generates more than 1 W of power. Vibrational generators are energy harvesters that convert environmental vibrations into electrical power via the inertial force of pendulums. In conventional generators that use simple vibration, the power is less than 10 mW for a wearable size because vibrations in the natural environment are as low as 1 Hz. Gyroscopic generators increase the inertial force by rotating a pendulum at high speed and creating a gyro effect. In this generator, a palm-size product that generates 0.1 W and weighs 280 g has already been commercialized, but this device operates only under a particular vibration that synchronizes rotor precession and stalls under random vibration. To solve this problem, in this research, two gimbals and a precession spring are introduced to support the rotor. We developed a prototype generator with straight tracks measuring 16 cm × 11 cm × 12 cm with a mass of 980 g. Under a vibration of 4 Hz and ±20 degrees, power generation of 1.6 W was confirmed. Next, a prototype circular track was made. Power generation of 0.2 W with a vibration of 1 Hz and ±90 degrees was confirmed. Finally, a simple formula to estimate the upper limit of the generation power is derived. It is suggested that the circular-type generator is suitable for low-frequency vibration and can generate twice the power of a straight-type generator.

Earthquake Experience Data Point to Benefit of Diverse Backup Power

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Calhoun ◽  
Mark A. Gake
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Failure Risk ◽  
Diesel Generators ◽  
The Individual

Operating nuclear power plants typically have backup electrical power supplied by diesel generators. Although backup power systems are designed with redundant trains, each capable of supplying the power requirements for safe shutdown equipment, there is a common-mode seismic failure risk inherent in these customary backup power arrangements. In an earthquake, multiple equipment trains with similar, if not identical, components located side-by-side are exposed to inertial forces that are essentially identical. In addition, because of their similar subcomponent configurations, seismic fragilities are approximately equal. In that case, the probability of multiple backup power system failures during an earthquake is likely to be dependent on, and nearly the same as, the individual seismic failure probability of each equipment train. Post-earthquake inspections at conventional multiple unit power stations over the last 40 years identified this common-mode seismic failure risk long before the tsunami-related common-mode failures of diesel generators at Fukushima Daiichi in March 2011. Experience data from post-earthquake inspections also indicate that failure probabilities of diverse sets of power generation equipment are independent and inherently less susceptible to common-mode failures. This paper demonstrates that employing diverse backup power designs will deliver quantifiable improvements in electrical system availability following an earthquake. These improvements are illustrated from available literature of post-earthquake inspection reports, along with other firsthand observations. A case study of the seismic performance of similarly configured electrical power generation systems is compared to the performance of diverse sets of electrical power systems. Seismic probabilistic risk analyses for several system configurations are presented to show the benefit of improved post-earthquake availability that results from designing new backup power systems with greater diversity.

scholarly journals Criteria of medical response to radiological emergencies in the Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
C. N. Buzdalkin ◽  
N. G. Vlasova ◽  
A. V. Rozhko ◽  
V. N. Bortnovsky
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emergency Plans ◽  
Specialized Treatment ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology in the Internal and External Emergency Plans of the Belarusian nuclear power plant is specified as an institution that provides specialized treatment for personnel, as well as persons from the population living in the emergency zone of the station. The plant is the first facility in the Republic that used nuclear energy. There is no experience in treating radiation injuries in Belarus. This is the first time that the National Health Service has been assigned the task of ensuring readiness for the reception and specialized treatment of people who have been exposed to emergency or unplanned radiation. The purpose of the work is to establish criteria for radiation exposure for use in a Belarusian specialized medical institution in case of medical response to radiological accidents. As a result of the analysis of publications of international organizations, the criteria of radiation exposure that can be applied in the conditions of Belarusian specialized medical institutions were selected. Assessment of the criteria was made taking into account existing national technical regulations and the available capabilities of emergency response participants. To account for the quality of radiation in relation to deterministic effects “Gy-equivalent” is used. The criteria include both dosimetric values for cases of external and internal accidental and unplanned exposure, and levels of radioactive substances with unknown physical and chemical properties entering the body that require urgent medical intervention. Criteria for cases of surface contamination of skin and wounds require separate consideration.

Solution to Pakistan Electrical Power Crisis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Akbar ◽  
Shahab Khusnood
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Private Power

Electricity is the engine for the growth of economy of any country. Total installed electricity generation capacity of Pakistan is presently approx 20,000 MW as given in Table-1. Despite this, almost 40% of the population is without electricity. Pakistan has been blessed with tremendous resources for electrical power generation with hydel, coal, renewable energy resources and Nuclear power. Hydel, coal potential of more than 40,000 MW and 10,000 MW are available but only 15% of hydroelectric potential has been harnessed so for where as only 150 MW power plant on indigenous coal has been set up. To exploit Pakistan hydel and coal resources for power generation large investments are needed which Pakistan economy can not afford. Govt. of Pakistan has created an organization of private power and infrastructure board (PPIB) to facilitate private sector in the participation of power generator. PPIB is tapping the resources and facilitating the private sector for establishment of power projects. Pakistan is collaborating with China for establishment of Nuclear Power Plants and plan to generate up to 10,000 MW by year 2025. Renewable energy resources are also required to be tapped. This paper will focus on the Pakistan power generation potential by utilizing local resources keeping in view the next 20 year supply and demand position.

scholarly journals INTERNAL IRRADIATION CONTROL AFTER RADIATION ACCIDENTS ON SHIPS AND VESSELS WITH NUCLEAR POWER UNITS: TASKS AND HARDWARE-METHODICAL SUPPORT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
V. B. Firsanov ◽  
V. A. Tarita ◽  
D. V. Arefyeva ◽  
G. Ya. Bruk ◽  
V. A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Fission ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Radiation Accident ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Severe Accidents ◽  
Radionuclide Content ◽  
Induced Radioactivity

In the case of radiation accident on a board of ships and vessels with nuclear power units, radioactive substances can be released into the environment and absorbed by the human body. The radioactive contamination is associated with a complex and rapidly disintegrating composition of radionuclides, which are products of nuclear fission and induced radioactivity. Therefore, the need for prompt post-accident control of internal exposure is justified. In the article, radiation accidents are classified in relation to ships and vessels with nuclear power units. As an example, one of the most severe accidents that occurred when nuclear fuel was transshipped on a nuclear-powered submarine in the Chazhma Bay in 1985 is considered. Methods for determining the incorporated radioactivity are described. Direct measurement of radionuclide content in a human body or an organ using human radiation spectrometers is shown to be the most accurate. The hardware-methodical support and the main measures for the postemergency individual control of the internal exposure of personnel of vessels with nuclear power plants are proposed.

Planning Response to Nuclear Accidents in Peacetime: An Approach which Addresses Recently Described Problems

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 407-409
Author(s):  
Garrett E. Foulke ◽  
Horace Hines ◽  
Charles J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Disaster Planning ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Radiation Accident ◽  
Nuclear Facility ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Made In

The growing number of nuclear power, research, and industrial facilities places increasing numbers of people and places at risk from an accident involving radioactive material. Fortunately, such accidents are infrequent. Unfortunately, this rarity often results in very limited hospital and physician interest and awareness. The incident at the nuclear facility at Three Mile Island (TMI) in Pennsylvania, USA, has demonstrated that despite its rarity, a radiation accident may not only occur, but occur on a scale large enough to require more than the radiation accident protocol which each hospital is required to have. There is a need, therefore, for the incorporation of radiation accidents into disaster planning and triage systems. We address the considerations to be made in planning an emergency medical system's response to a large radiation accident. We describe the application of a triage team in such a plan.

scholarly journals LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON NUCLEAR ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-188
Author(s):  
Farahdilah Ghazali ◽  
Abdul Haseeb Ansari ◽  
Maizatun Mustafa ◽  
Wan Mohd Zulhafiz Wan Zahari
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power Generation ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Energy Agency

This paper explores the potential of nuclear energy, particularly in the power sector, to solve energy challenges and to address the pertinent issues regarding energy sustainability in Malaysia. The deployment of nuclear energy in various developed and developing countries has conspicuously helped sustaining energy security and sustainability due to its compatibility and protection of the environment. In addition to energy security, nuclear energy also offers significant benefits to socio-economic aspects. Thus, nuclear energy in developing countries, including Malaysia, has the potential to emerge as a new prospect in the energy sector using sophisticated technology and expert personnel to maximize the energy benefits with the least environmental risk. This step would certainly meet future energy demands and help accelerate the country’s development with optimum energy generation in the country. Therefore, Malaysia should aim to resort to nuclear power generation whereby the current power sector is mainly generated by traditional means, with only a small fraction of it being renewable energy. With no experience in this field, Malaysia needs to establish collaboration with some country rich with nuclear-resource in order to build, maintain nuclear reactors and treat nuclear wastes. The development of such facility should also comply with the requirements of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Moreover, Malaysia has to introduce legislation and policies related to future nuclear energy. Thus, this paper discusses some of the pertinent issues related to the prospects of nuclear power generation in the country towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).   Keywords: Atomic energy, energy security, governance, sustainable development.   Cite as: Ghazali, F., Ansari, A. H., Mustafa, M., & Wan Zahari, W. M. Z. (2020). Legal perspectives on nuclear energy and sustainable development in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 169-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp169-188

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