scholarly journals THE TIME-SPACES OF CAPITALISM: SUZANNE DE BRUNHOFF AND MONETARY THOUGHT AFTER MARX

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Laurent Baronian
Keyword(s):  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Social Validation ◽  
Financial Problems ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
State Management ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Monetary Analysis ◽  
Labor Power ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Theories Of Money

The paper is dedicated to Suzanne de Brunhoff’s monetary thought and shows how her analysis of very concrete monetary and financial problems of her time led her to develop the most innovative contributions to Marxist theory of money since classical Marxism. Concepts such as non-contemporaneity of capitalism with itself, pseudo-social validation, conflict centralization, or State management of money and labor power reflect her profound analysis of the ways capitalism generates very particular relations to space and time. By looking at this spatio-temporal dimension of de Brunhoff’s concepts, this paper aims to reveal the novelty, power, and fruitfulness of her monetary analysis. The first part of the paper seeks to define the meaning of the concept of general equivalent, drawing on her reading of Karl Marx’s Capital, before situating her approach in relation to institutionalist theories of money. The second part considers de Brunhoff’s analysis of the particular time-spaces of capitalism.

scholarly journals THE TIME-SPACES OF CAPITALISM: SUZANNE DE BRUNHOFF AND MONETARY THOUGHT AFTER MARX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Baronian
Keyword(s):  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Social Validation ◽  
Financial Problems ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
State Management ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Monetary Analysis ◽  
Labor Power ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Theories Of Money

The paper is dedicated to Suzanne de Brunhoff’s monetary thought and shows how her analysis of very concrete monetary and financial problems of her time led her to develop the most innovative contributions to Marxist theory of money since classical Marxism. Concepts such as noncontemporaneity of capitalism with itself, pseudo-social validation, conflict centralization or State management of money and labor power reflect her profound analysis of the ways capitalism generates very particular relationships to space and time. It is by looking at this spatio-temporal dimension of Brunhoff’s concepts that this paper aims to reveal the novelty, power and fruitfulness of her monetary analysis. The first part of the paper seeks to define the meaning of the notion of general equivalent extracting from her reading of Marx's Capital, before situating her approach in relation to Institutionalist theories of money. The second turns to Brunhoff’s analysis of the particular time-spaces of capitalism.

scholarly journals Glimpse: A Gaze-Based Measure of Temporal Salience

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3099
Author(s):  
V. Javier Traver ◽  
Judith Zorío ◽  
Luis A. Leiva
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Temporal Consistency ◽  
Visual Salience ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Scoring Algorithms ◽  
Over Time

Temporal salience considers how visual attention varies over time. Although visual salience has been widely studied from a spatial perspective, its temporal dimension has been mostly ignored, despite arguably being of utmost importance to understand the temporal evolution of attention on dynamic contents. To address this gap, we proposed Glimpse, a novel measure to compute temporal salience based on the observer-spatio-temporal consistency of raw gaze data. The measure is conceptually simple, training free, and provides a semantically meaningful quantification of visual attention over time. As an extension, we explored scoring algorithms to estimate temporal salience from spatial salience maps predicted with existing computational models. However, these approaches generally fall short when compared with our proposed gaze-based measure. Glimpse could serve as the basis for several downstream tasks such as segmentation or summarization of videos. Glimpse’s software and data are publicly available.

Rainfall estimates from opportunistic sensors in Germany across spatio-temporal scales – Geostatistical interpolation framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Eisele ◽  
Maximilian Graf ◽  
Abbas El Hachem ◽  
Jochen Seidel ◽  
Christian Chwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Geostatistical Interpolation ◽  
Primary Network ◽  
Ground Measurement ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>Precipitation - highly variable in space and time - is the most important input for many hydrological models. As these models become more and more detailed in space and time, high-resolution input data are required. Especially for modeling and prediction in fast reacting catchments, such as urban catchment areas, a higher space-time resolution is needed than the current ground measurement networks operated by national weather services usually provide. With the increasing number and availability of opportunistic sensors such as commercial microwave links (CMLs) and personal weather stations (PWS) in recent years, new opportunities for measuring meteorological data are emerging.</p><p>We developed a geostatistical interpolation framework which allows a combination of different opportunistic sensors and their specific features and geometric properties, e.g. point and line information. In this framework, a combined kriging approach is introduced, taking into account not only the point information of a reliable primary network, e.g., from national weather services, but also the higher uncertainty of the PWS- and CML-based precipitation. The path-averaged information of the CMLs is included through a block kriging-type approach.</p><p>The methodology was applied for two 7-months periods in Germany using an hourly temporal and a 1x1 km spatial resolution. By incorporating CMLs and PWS, the Pearson correlation could be increased from 0.56 to 0.73 compared to using only primary network for interpolation. The resulting precipitation maps also provided good agreement compared to gauge adjusted radar products.</p>

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF 3D SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA MODELING, MANAGEMENT, AND ANALYSIS IN DB4GEO

2016 ◽  
Vol IV-2/W1 ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
P. V. Kuper ◽  
M. Breunig ◽  
M. Al-Doori ◽  
A. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Reservoir Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Geospatial Database ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Objects

Many of today´s world wide challenges such as climate change, water supply and transport systems in cities or movements of crowds need spatio-temporal data to be examined in detail. Thus the number of examinations in 3D space dealing with geospatial objects moving in space and time or even changing their shapes in time will rapidly increase in the future. Prominent spatio-temporal applications are subsurface reservoir modeling, water supply after seawater desalination and the development of transport systems in mega cities. All of these applications generate large spatio-temporal data sets. However, the modeling, management and analysis of 3D geo-objects with changing shape and attributes in time still is a challenge for geospatial database architectures. In this article we describe the application of concepts for the modeling, management and analysis of 2.5D and 3D spatial plus 1D temporal objects implemented in DB4GeO, our service-oriented geospatial database architecture. An example application with spatio-temporal data of a landfill, near the city of Osnabrück in Germany demonstrates the usage of the concepts. Finally, an outlook on our future research focusing on new applications with big data analysis in three spatial plus one temporal dimension in the United Arab Emirates, especially the Dubai area, is given.

Cheapness and (labor-)power: The role of early modern Brazilian sugar plantations in the racializing Capitalocene

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Joshua R Eichen
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Emergent Relations ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
Labor Power ◽  
Sugar Plantations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

This essay looks at the historical geography of sugar plantations in Northeast Brazil during the 16th- and 17th-centuries to critique the spatio-temporality of the discourse of the Anthropocene. I argue that sugar plantations were key places in early systemic cycles of capital accumulation with their grim calculus of cheap labor-power and acceptable deaths. Sugar plantations were simultaneously prototypical racializing state actors and part of the emergent relations of capital changing the climate. With their rationalized, time-disciplined labor for processing cane into sugar, plantations were not only fundamentally proto-industrial sites, but also one of capital’s laboratories of modernity. They were primordial sites of proletarianization, of spatio-temporal patterns that repopulated the Americas and central in the production not of the Anthropocene but of the racializing Capitalocene.

Articulatory Measures of Prosody

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Taehong Cho ◽  
Doris Mücke
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Optoelectronic Device ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Electromagnetic Articulography ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Nasal Flow

Prosodic research in speech production usually focuses on the way the prosodic structure influences the phonetic implementation of segmental and suprasegmental features. The realization of a tone, for instance, involves not only dynamic changes so as to regulate the vocal fold vibration to produce f0 contours, but also the movement of articulators to simultaneously produce consonants and vowels. Articulatory measuring techniques help us to directly observe how these two systems are coordinated in the spatio-temporal dimension. A number of such techniques are discussed, along with examples indicating how each technique may be or has been used to study various aspects of prosody. They include laryngoscopy and electroglottography to examine laryngeal events associated with vocal fold vibration; systems such as electromagnetic articulography, an optoelectronic device, electropalatography, and ultrasound systems to explore supralaryngeal articulatory events; and aerodynamic measurement systems to record oral/subglottal pressure and oral/nasal flow.

Plague Time: Space, Fear, and Emergency Statecraft in Early Modern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-111
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Early Modern Italy ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Contingent Response ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Historical Examination

Michel Foucault argued famously that early modern European governors responded to plague by quarantining entire urban populations and placing citizens under minute surveillance. For Foucault, such sixteenth- and seventeenth-century policies were the first steps towards an authoritarian paradigm that would only emerge in full in the eighteenth century. The present article argues that Foucault’s model is too abstracted to function as a tool for the historical examination of specific emergencies, and it proposes an alternative analytical framework. Addressing itself to actual events in early modern Italy, the article reveals that when plague threatened, Florentine and Bolognese health officials projected themselves into a spatio-temporal dimension in which official actions and perceptions were determined solely by the spread of contagion. This dimension, “plague time,” was not a stage on the irresistible journey towards Foucault’s “utopia of the perfectly governed city.” A contingent response to a recurrent existential menace, plague time rose and fell in response to events, and may be understood as a season.

scholarly journals Seasonal survival and migratory connectivity of the Eurasian Oystercatcher revealed by citizen science

The Auk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Allen ◽  
Bruno J Ens ◽  
Martijn Van de Pol ◽  
Henk Van der Jeugd ◽  
Magali Frauendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Migratory Connectivity ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Model Structures

Abstract Migratory connectivity describes linkages between breeding and non-breeding areas. An ongoing challenge is tracking avian species between breeding and non-breeding areas and hence estimating migratory connectivity and seasonal survival. Collaborative color-ringing projects between researchers and citizen scientists provide opportunities for tracking the annual movements of avian species. Our study describes seasonal survival and migratory connectivity using data from more than 4,600 individuals with over 51,000 observations, predominantly collected by citizen scientists. Our study focuses on the Eurasian Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), a species that has experienced a substantial and ongoing decline in recent decades. Multiple threats have been described, and given that these threats vary in space and time, there is an urgent need to estimate demographic rates at the appropriate spatio-temporal scale. We performed a seasonal multi-state (5 geographical areas within The Netherlands) live- and dead-recoveries analysis under varying model structures to account for biological and data complexity. Coastal breeding populations were largely sedentary, while inland breeding populations were migratory and the direction of migration varied among areas, which has not been described previously. Our results indicated that survival was lower during winter than summer and that survival was lower in inland areas compared with coastal areas. A concerning result was that seasonal survival of individuals over-wintering in the Wadden Sea, an internationally important site for over-wintering shorebirds, appeared to decline during the study period. We discuss the outcomes of our study, and how citizen science was integral for conducting this study. Our findings identify how the demographic rates of the oystercatcher vary in space and time, knowledge that is vital for generating hypotheses and prioritizing future research into the causes of decline.

A spatio-temporal analysis of non-farm enterprise performance in Uganda: 2010-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-546
Author(s):  
Nkechi Srodah Owoo
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Knowledge Transfers ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Purpose Recent research into enterprise performance has focussed on the importance of firm proximity to total productivity. Using spatial correlation of firm performance as a proxy for knowledge transfers and diffusion, the purpose of this paper is to examine the evidence for these spatial effects in non-farm enterprise performance in Uganda, across space and time. Design/methodology/approach The author uses data from the geo-referenced Uganda National Panel Survey from 2010 to 2012, and employs explicit spatial techniques in the analysis of rural non-farm enterprise performance. Spatial autocorrelation of firm performance are used as proxies for knowledge transfers and information flows among enterprises across space and over time. Findings The study finds evidence of spatial spillover effects across space and time in Uganda. This implies that, as existing studies of developed countries have found, social infrastructure and firm proximity contribute significantly to the performance of rural economies, through information exchange and knowledge transfers. Practical implications Given the communal nature of rural households in the African setting, knowledge exchange and transfers among neighbouring firms should be encouraged as studies have found they have strong effects on business performance. Additionally, business “leaders” could also be useful in disseminating useful new technologies and applications to neighbouring enterprises in order to boost performance and productivity. Social implications There should be better targeting of policy interventions to clusters of particularly needy enterprises. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that spatio-temporal effects of business performance have been explored. While spatial analyses of business performance have been carried out in developed countries, studies using explicit spatial techniques in the developing country setting have been conspicuously absent.

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