The Establishing of Geospatial Database for Agricultural Lands of Islamic WAQF In Iraq: Case Study Babil Province

In numerous countries, one of the most significant pieces of background records is a religious endowment that usually called (WAQF), which have a cultural, and economic value. For instance, in Iraq, religious endowments comprise a large number of dispersed real estates and lands usually required effective administration methods. Agricultural lands that belonged to religious endowments lack of sufficient systems, which are combined statistical and spatial information in terms of spatial monitoring and informatics updating such as ownership and existing condition. Recently, geospatial techniques such as GIS showed a feasibility in the management of information belonged to lands management. Therefore, in this study we proposed a method based on GIS technology for the management of lands of Islamic endowments in Babil province, Iraq. The proposed methodology included the integration between field works using GPS equipment and Geospatial database. The developed database is considered as the first geodatabase related to the agricultural lands of the religious endowment in Iraq included almost all coordinates and specific details for each piece of agricultural lands that owned by the endowment. Furthermore, the output geodatabase is a flexible database included various features like query, search, and statistical computation.

Synthesis of Geospatial Database and Interdisciplinary to Achieve NSDS for Downtown Alexandria, Egypt Vision 2030

Natural hazard and over than 2300 of human activities impacted on Alexandria, causing a deep topographic and urban transformation. In integration with cosmopolitanism, the cultural heritage diversity of Alexandria has been generated that is still surviving although hectic development of its contemporary potentiality, basically as the main harbour of Egypt, tourism, commercial and industrial activities.Team of DMUCH- Ritsumeikan University has constructed geospatial database of Alexandria using historic map and satellite imagery in integration with interdisciplinary basically, remote sensing and geophysics, aiming to figure out the historical context of the land use and urban evolution of the city, so far. Meanwhile, geodesign approach was adopted to innovate a change model. So, the adopted synthetic approach supports stakeholders and decision makers to outline action plans to achieve SDGs for Downtown Alexandria within NSDS, Egypt vision 2030.

Mapping accessibility in Norway – a Method to Register and Survey the Status of Accessibility in urban areas and recreational areas

The Norwegian mapping authority has developed a standard method for mapping accessibility mostly for people with limited or no walking abilities in urban and recreational areas. We choose an object-orientated approach where points, lines and polygons represents objects in the environment. All data are stored in a geospatial database, so they can be presented as web map and analysed using GIS software. By the end of 2020, more than 230 out of 356 municipalities are mapped using that method. The aim of this project is to establish a national standard for mapping of accessibility and to provide a geodatabase that shows the status of accessibility throughout Norway. The data provide a useful tool for national statistics, local planning authorities and private users. The results show that accessibility is still low and Norway still faces many challenges to meet the government’s goals for Universal Design.

A geospatial database management system for the collection of medicinal plants

Medicinal plants are increasingly used, both for medical applications and personal healthcare. However, existing herbal database systems for plant retrieval offer only basic information and do not support real-time analysis of the spatial aspects of plantations and distribution sites. Moreover, data records are usually static and not publicly available as they rely on costly proprietary software packages. To address these shortcomings, including limiting the time needed for collection and data processing, a novel medicinal plants geospatial database management system is proposed. The system allows localization of plant sites and data presentation on an interactive heat map displaying spatial information of plants selected by the user within a specific radius from the user’s location, including automatic presentation of an itinerary giving the optimal route between user location and plant destinations selected. The approach relies on dynamic and role-based data management, an interactive map that includes graphics and integrated geospatial analyses thanks to cross-platform, geographical a JavaScript library and Google API. Both spatial data and attributes are available in real time. The system would support effective collaboration, among herb farmers, government agencies, private investors, healthcare professionals and the general public with regard to various aspects of medicinal plants and their applications.

Humans as geomorphic agents: Lidar detection of the past, present and future of the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico

As humans are the primary geomorphic agents on the landscape, it is essential to assess the magnitude, chronological span, and future effects of artificial ground that is expanding under modern urbanization at an alarming rate. We argue humans have been primary geomorphic agents of landscapes since the rise of early urbanism that continue to structure our everyday lives. Past and present anthropogenic actions mold a dynamic “taskscape” (not just a landscape) onto the physical environment. For example, one of the largest Pre-Columbian metropolitan centers of the New World, the UNESCO world heritage site of Teotihuacan, demonstrates how past anthropogenic actions continue to inform the modern taskscape, including modern street and land alignments. This paper applies a multi-scalar, long durée approach to urban landscapes utilizing the first lidar map of the Teotihuacan Valley to create a geospatial database that links modern and topographic features visible on the lidar map with ground survey, historic survey, and excavation data. Already, we have recorded not only new features previously unrecognized by historic surveys, but also the complete erasure of archaeological features due to modern (post-2015) mining operations. The lidar map database will continue to evolve with the dynamic landscape, able to assess continuity and changes on the Teotihuacan Valley, which can benefit decision makers contemplating the stewardship, transformation, or destruction of this heritage landscape.

Investigating Eco-Environmental Vulnerability for China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Key Sector Punjab Using Multi-Sources Geo-Information

China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC), a critical part of the Belt and Road initiative (BRI), is subjected to rapid infrastructure development, which may lead to potential eco-environmental vulnerability. This study uses multi-source geo-information, and the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)-based best–worst method (BWM) to quantify the baseline eco-environmental vulnerability of one key CPEC sector—the Punjab province. The Punjab province is an important connection between northern and southern CPEC routes in Pakistan. In this study, we have established an indicator system consisting of twenty-two influential factors in a geospatial database to conduct eco-environmental vulnerability analysis. The overall setup is supported by a geographic information system (GIS) to perform spatial analysis. The resulting map was categorized into five vulnerability levels: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The results revealed that the overall eco-environmental health of the Punjab province is reasonably good as 4.64% and 59.45% area of the key sector lies in ‘very low’ and ‘low’ vulnerability categories; however, there also exist highly vulnerable areas, particularly in the proximity of CPEC projects. Although high vulnerability areas constitute a very small percentage, only 0.08% of the Punjab province, still, decision-makers need to be aware of those regions and make corresponding protection strategies. Our study demonstrated that the MCDM-BWM-based EVA model could be effectively used to quantify vulnerability in other areas of CPEC. The findings of the study emphasize that management policies should be aligned with research-based recommendations for ecological protection, natural resource utilization, and sustainable development in regions participating in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Benchmarking geospatial database on Kubernetes cluster

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration system for automating container application operations and has been considered to deploy various kinds of container workloads. Traditional geo-databases face frequent scalability issues while dealing with dense and complex spatial data. Despite plenty of research work in the comparison of relational and NoSQL databases in handling geospatial data, there is a shortage of existing knowledge about the performance of geo-database in a clustered environment like Kubernetes. This paper presents benchmarking of PostgreSQL/PostGIS geospatial databases operating on a clustered environment against non-clustered environments. The benchmarking process considers the average execution times of geospatial structured query language (SQL) queries on multiple hardware configurations to compare the environments based on handling computationally expensive queries involving SQL operations and PostGIS functions. The geospatial queries operate on data imported from OpenStreetMap into PostgreSQL/PostGIS. The clustered environment powered by Kubernetes demonstrated promising improvements in the average execution times of computationally expensive geospatial SQL queries on all considered hardware configurations compared to their average execution times in non-clustered environments.

Geospatial database use for land consolidation objectives in Ukraine

The issue of geospatial database provisioning for land consolidation objectives in Ukraine has been scrutinized in the article. The thematic justification is predefined by the increasing need for land consolidation and the need for the provision of the land consolidation process with the updated, full and valid data. The goal of the research is the substantiation of a set of the subject geospatial data as a constituent of the national infrastructure needed for managerial decisions on agricultural land consolidation and the respective land management plan development. Basic geospatial data sets predefined by the legislation in effect have been examined from the prospect of land consolidation. Thematic geospatial data sets have been suggested. The use of the suggested geospatial data sets in the course of the key stages of land consolidation has been analysed. The use of geospatial data at the implementation of a land consolidation project using the land reallotment optimization model has been examined. The research results can be used at the land consolidation decision making support, land resources management, development of specialized geoportals, in the following scientific researches on the development of the national geospatial data infrastructure, land consolidation in Ukraine.

NoSQL STANDARD AND APPROACH FOR GEOSPATIAL DATABASE COLLECTION

Industry of geospatial information requires a proper standard which can adapt the user requirements in parallel with the technological improvements over time. Geospatial database is an essential end product that can be used as an input to the Decision Support System. The aforementioned important role can be defined as a main indicator for effectiveness and efficiency of the provision of geospatial data and information. Standard is fundamental especially in a situation where there are so many available technologies and infrastructures on the market. Defining a robust and reliable standard and mechanism to derive the geospatial database is a main key for the successful production of the national geospatial database. NoSQL databases use a different approach to represent the storing mechanism which is generally in a form of relational structured tables. The main difference is related with the flexible model, component and storing mechanism which must not be structured in a tabular and relational way. This paper discusses geospatial database standards by using the NoSQL approach that will be implemented in order to adopt the Indonesian Geographic Feature Catalogues. The implementation of the standard in an operational stage of the geodatabase production can provide the alternative solution in competition with the traditional Relational Data Base Management System approach. Especially in the era of big data and crowd sourcing with a lot of variety in the data structure nowadays, NoSQL raises as an alternative solution to accommodate and utilize its advantages in an applicative way but still selective for the portrayal purposes.

Creating Revenue Out Of Green Waste: New Perspectives For Municipal Organic Waste Harvesting In Geelong, Australia

The diversion and recovery of organic waste are one of the most significant opportunities and challenges for reducing the environmental impacts of waste disposal internationally, as recognised by the United Nations’ SDG 12 that seeks to “ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns”. This issue is particularly pertinent to developed countries, like Australia, who have a high propensity for waste removal arising from their industrial and domestic use of products, materials and organic consumables. Through the use of GIS technology, using modelling software developed by the Global Methane Initiative, a series of simulations were undertaken to determine the viability of an anaerobic digester for the City of Greater Geelong (COGG), located in the State of Victoria (Australia), where organic materials constitute over 25% of all waste land-filled. Using only municipal organic waste, the modelling concluded that the COGG would generate between AU$6M-AU$11M/annum from the sale of biogas/methane. In addition to this revenue stream, COGG would have an Annual Projected Net Emissions Reductions of 3797 Mt. This paper further considers the development of a geospatial database to identify and locate concentrated organic waste resources in COGG, the design and development of a software tool to help quantify the production of food waste, and the development of an economic model to value the organic waste stream of COGG arising from the implementation of this proposal.