A spatio-temporal analysis of non-farm enterprise performance in Uganda: 2010-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-546
Author(s):  
Nkechi Srodah Owoo
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Knowledge Transfers ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Purpose Recent research into enterprise performance has focussed on the importance of firm proximity to total productivity. Using spatial correlation of firm performance as a proxy for knowledge transfers and diffusion, the purpose of this paper is to examine the evidence for these spatial effects in non-farm enterprise performance in Uganda, across space and time. Design/methodology/approach The author uses data from the geo-referenced Uganda National Panel Survey from 2010 to 2012, and employs explicit spatial techniques in the analysis of rural non-farm enterprise performance. Spatial autocorrelation of firm performance are used as proxies for knowledge transfers and information flows among enterprises across space and over time. Findings The study finds evidence of spatial spillover effects across space and time in Uganda. This implies that, as existing studies of developed countries have found, social infrastructure and firm proximity contribute significantly to the performance of rural economies, through information exchange and knowledge transfers. Practical implications Given the communal nature of rural households in the African setting, knowledge exchange and transfers among neighbouring firms should be encouraged as studies have found they have strong effects on business performance. Additionally, business “leaders” could also be useful in disseminating useful new technologies and applications to neighbouring enterprises in order to boost performance and productivity. Social implications There should be better targeting of policy interventions to clusters of particularly needy enterprises. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that spatio-temporal effects of business performance have been explored. While spatial analyses of business performance have been carried out in developed countries, studies using explicit spatial techniques in the developing country setting have been conspicuously absent.

Exports-performance relationship in Russian manufacturing companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bykova ◽  
Felix Lopez-Iturriaga
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between export activity and firm performance for a positive impact of foreign direct investments (FDIs). The authors also analyze two possible causes of the effect: technology transfer and financial support. The theoretical background is rooted in the resource-based approach taking into account multinational companies’ perspective and the specifics of emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose testable hypotheses based on a review of the theory. To test the hypotheses, the authors build a sample of over 500 Russian public manufacturing firms covering the period from 2004 to 2014 and estimate regression models. Given concerns about endogeneity, the instrumental variable approach for panel data, using the GMM-estimator, is implemented. Findings Consistent with the view that FDIs generate spillover effects, the results support the positive impact of foreign ownership on the link between exports and firms’ performance. The results underline the importance of foreign ownership: shareholders from developed countries can provide benefits to exporting companies through transferring advanced technologies and loosening financial constraints by lowering interest and raising availability of bank loans. Originality/value The authors provide new insights on the relationship between exports and firm performance. Given our focus on Russia, a market with high potential to draw foreign investments, the research sheds some light on how emerging country firms can benefit from having foreign shareholders with paying attention to geographical distribution of such investments. Specifically, through the overcoming of technological barriers and loosening of financial constraints, the authors show empirically that foreign capital can make up for weak local institutional infrastructure and enhance the company’s returns from internationalization.

Board demographic diversity, firm performance and strategic change

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1110-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kipkirong Tarus ◽  
Federico Aime
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
High Level

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of boards’ demographic diversity on firms’ strategic change and the interaction effect of firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used secondary data derived from publicly listed firms in Kenya during 2002-2010 and analyzed the data using fixed effects regression model to test the effect of board demographic and strategic change, while moderated regression analysis was used to test the moderating effect of firm performance. Findings – The results partially supported board demographic diversity–strategic change hypothesis. In particular, results indicate that age diversity produces less strategic change, while functional diversity is associated with greater levels of strategic change. The moderated regression results do not support our general logic that high firm performance enhances board demographic diversity–strategic change relationship. In effect, the results reveal that at high level of firm performance, board demographic diversity produces less strategic change. Originality/value – Despite few studies that have examined board demographic diversity and firm performance, this paper introduces strategic change as an outcome variable. This paper also explores the moderating role of firm performance in board demographic diversity–strategic change relationship, and finally, the study uses Kenyan dataset which in itself is unique because most governance and strategy research uses data from developed countries.

Does investment in innovation impact firm performance in emerging economies? An empirical investigation of the Indian food and agricultural manufacturing industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Manogna R.L. ◽  
Aswini Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The study aims to analyze the impact of Research & Development (R&D) intensity on the firm’s performance, measured by growth of sales in the emerging market like India. Innovation strategy and its outcomes for firms may be different in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Thus, a study that focuses on the emerging economy like India, with a majority of the population dependent on agriculture, is of prime importance to the firm performance in the food and agricultural manufacturing industry. For this study, the broader focus will be on one widely recognised factor which may influence the growth rate of firms, i.e. investment in innovations which is in terms of R&D expenditure. Design/methodology/approach The paper investigates the relationship between the R&D efforts and growth of firms in the Indian food and agricultural manufacturing industry during 2001–2019. To empirically test the relationship between firm’s growth (FG) and R&D investments, system generalised method of moments technique has been used, hence enabling to avoid problems related to endogeneity and simultaneity. Findings The findings reveal that investments in innovations have a positive effect on the growth of firms in the Indian food and agricultural manufacturing industry. Investment in R&D also enables the firms to reap benefits from externalities present in the industry. Further analysis reveals that younger firms grow faster when they invest in R&D. More specifically, this paper finds evidence in the case of the food and agricultural industry that import of raw materials negatively affects the FG and export intensity positively affects the growth in the case of R&D firms. Research limitations/implications This study suggests that the government should encourage the industries to invest optimally in R&D projects by providing favourable fiscal treatments and R&D subsidies which are observed to have positive effects in various developed countries. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, the current paper is the first to analyse the impact of innovation in food and agricultural industry on firm’s performance in an emerging economy context with the latest data. This paper agrees that a government initiative to increase private R&D expenditure would have favourable effects on FG as growing investments in R&D lead to further growth of the firms.

Role of ambidexterity and learning capability in firm performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Dhir ◽  
Swati Dhir
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Resources ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
Exploration Exploitation

Purpose This study aims to comprehend the ambidexterity and organizational learning capability construct in the Indian E-commerce industry context. Design/methodology/approach The survey method was adopted for this study. A survey was circulated among the personnel working in E-commerce companies in India. The focus was on people working in managerial positions and had at least three years of experience in the same industry. Findings This paper investigates the link between two dimensions of ambidexterity, i.e., exploration, exploitation and learning capability in firm performance. The paper also establishes the moderating effect of the learning capability on the two dimensions of ambidexterity and firm’s performance. Research/limitations/implications Our focus was to cover most of the E-commerce companies, yet to generalize the research the analysis needs to be conducted with even more E-commerce companies. Although we took extraordinary care to gather data from multiple resources and discarded the data that was incomplete or was from lower level employees yet, we need a larger sample to establish the causal claim of our model. Practical/implications We reason that learning capability of a firm impacts the two dimensions and firms should focus both on external and internal knowledge to benefit from the ambidexterity efforts. Social/implications Learning capability influences a firm’s performance and has managerial implications. The analysis’ results on the India based ecommerce companies differs from prior research done in more developed countries and other industries. Originality/value No prior research has been done from this perspective in the Indian context, and thus our work opens up new avenues for researchers to look at.Keywords Ambidexterity, Firm performance, Learning capability

scholarly journals The role of corporate governance on CSR disclosure and firm performance in a voluntary environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruoriwo Marian Chijoke-Mgbame ◽  
Chijoke Oscar Mgbame ◽  
Simisola Akintoye ◽  
Paschal Ohalehi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) on firm performance and the moderating role of corporate governance on the CSRD–firm performance relationship of listed companies in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a panel data set comprising 841 firm-year observations for the period covering 2007-2016. Fixed effect regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between CSRD and firm performance, and the moderating role of corporate governance in the CSRD–firm performance relationship. Findings The results of the study show that there are positive performance implications for firms that engage in CSRD. Although this study finds no effect of board size on the CSRD–firm performance relationship, it provides a strong evidence of a positive effect of board independence on the CSR–firm performance relationship. Practical implications The study contributes to the understanding of CSRD–firm performance relationship by providing evidence of the moderating role of corporate governance. It is, therefore, recommended that a stronger regulation be put in place for CSR engagement and the disclosure of same in Nigeria as well as robust measures for the enforcement of corporate governance mechanisms because there are economic benefits to be derived. Originality/value The findings contribute to the literature by providing up-to-date and original insights on the CSRD–firm performance relationship within a developing country context. It also uses an uncommon method of measuring CSRD, taking into account the institutional biases that may arise from other methods used in studies on developed countries.

Delay of gratificationand business performancein least developed countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-514
Author(s):  
Dalivone Xayavongsa ◽  
Piriya Pholphirul
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
The Self ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Delayed Gratification ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment

Purpose Does delay of gratification affect the probability of engaging in self-employment and does it contribute to business performance? This paper aims to quantify impacts of delay of gratification on engaging in self-employment and business performance. Design/methodology/approach Using Lao PDR as a representative of least developed countries, the authors analyze nationally representative survey data from the Lao PDR – STEP Skills Measurement Household Survey and estimate the binary logit/probit model to quantify impacts of delay of gratification on probability of self-employment. And, the impacts of delayed gratification on business performance of the self-employed individuals are also estimated. Findings Those with a lower degree of delayed gratification tend to elect to be self-employed instead of being full-time employees. However, a higher delay of gratification score is found to positively correlate with higher business performance among those who are self-employed. Other control variables such as business characteristics, education level and skills of the self-employed also play an important role in higher business performance. Research limitations/implications Analysis from this paper still shows some weak points and limitations. First, the data set on self-employment has little representation from industry and the service sector and lacks many important variables such as parents’ characteristics and working hours. Second, there is no clear measurement of delay of gratification, as the measurements use only hypothesis money. Finally, there is a lack of studies to back up the result of delay of gratification on business performance, especially in a least developed country such as Lao PDR. The authors suggest that future research be conducted with richer data regarding the self-employed in industries and services. It would be quite interesting to study further the effect of delay of gratification along with grit, another behavioral variable, on business performance. Practical implications Based on the findings, it is therefore crucial that the Lao Government support a policy that helps strengthen both cognitive and noncognitive skills and the delay of gratification along with education to make Lao self-employment more productive. Social implications Providing the self-employed with adequate skills to succeed in their enterprises can lead them and the nation to escape the poverty trap. Family, school and government should promote delay of gratification among young children. Encouraging special activities that foster emotional and behavioral skills learning and practice for children, such as religious learning and meditation, might boost their ability to delay gratification. Moreover, support for skills training, both basic and job-relevant skills, could promote business experience exchange by creating an organization that provides guidelines, information and advice for self-employment. Originality/value Even though there is extensive research indicating that delayed gratification exists in many contexts, there are very few studies investigating the impact of delayed gratification on the business, especially on the decision to be self-employed and the resulting business performance. The delay of gratification could be one factor that influences decisions on job selection or employment status and that influences business performance as well. This paper is also the first one conducted in a least developed country such as Lao PDR.

The effects of the motor vehicle industry on employment and research innovation in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Valadkhani ◽  
Russell Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Australian Economy ◽  
Vehicle Production ◽  
Forward Linkage ◽  
Motor Vehicle Industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the likely economy-wide impacts of the complete shutdown of the motor vehicle industry on output and employment in Australia using the latest input-output (IO) table (2009-2010). Design/methodology/approach – Both supply- and demand-driven IO models are employed to determine the extent, and pattern, of the resulting output and job losses in upstream and downstream industries. An analysis of the first-order field of influence is also conducted to observe how output multipliers in other sectors respond to changes in the self-use-input-requirement of the professional, scientific and technical services (PSTS) industry. Findings – The PSTS industry (with a significant research and development (R & D) component and the highest forward linkage index) would be hardest hit with the collapse of the motor vehicle industry. Research limitations/implications – This paper identifies a number of industries that are more likely to be heavily influenced by the resulting lack of R & D in the PSTS industry in the near future. Unless more funding is allocated to other research and technology-intensive industries, the extinction of the motor vehicle industry, coupled with the recent budgetary cuts for strategic organisations such as the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, can reduce the positive spillover effects of R & D activities on the Australian economy. Originality/value – This is the first study to examine the effects of the shutdown of the motor vehicle industry on employment in Australia. The results also have broader implications for other developed countries that have declining motor vehicle industries. The findings suggest that the global decline in the motor vehicle industry can adversely affect investment in R & D in upstream and downstream industries. More generally, the results suggest that the shift in motor vehicle production to developing countries, will contribute to increased R & D intensity in them at the expense of developed countries.

Assessing the mediating effect of sustainable competitive advantage on the relationship between organisational innovativeness and firm performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vural Çağlıyan ◽  
Melis Attar ◽  
Aleem Abdul-Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to assess the mediating effect of sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) on the relationship between organisational innovativeness (OI) and performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Konya, Turkey. Design/methodology/approach A survey method is used to collect the necessary data for this research. A total of 264 respondents from 83 SMEs partook in the study. In choosing the sample size, both purposive sampling and simple random techniques are used. The data gathered are analysed using SPSS program and Hayes PROCESS macro v.3.4.1. Findings The results of the analyses reveal that OI has a statistically significant positive effect on SCA and firm performance (FP). Moreover, SCA is found to have a mediating effect on the relationship between OI and FP. Practical implications Policymakers and management of SMEs need to show great commitment to innovativeness and relate it to SCA to create superior customer value, thereby leading to a holistic and long-term FP. Originality/value This study brings to the fore empirical evidence on how SCA serves as a mediator between OI and FP. It also contributes to the literature by focusing on three distinct but related variables. The study makes theoretical contribution by highlighting the role of the resource-based theory in enhancing business performance and SCA through strategic internal resources and innovative activities.

Innovative behavior and venture performance of SMEs

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Omri
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Environmental Dynamism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Innovative Output

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between innovative behavior and firm performance to determine empirically whether managers’ innovative behavior impacts directly or indirectly on firm performance through innovative output. A proposed conceptual model is tested with the moderating effects of environmental dynamism. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical study tests the conceptual model of a multi-industry sample of Tunisian small and medium-sized enterprises. For this analysis the author applies the partial least squares (PLS) technique using the software package SmartPLS, version 2.0. Findings – Empirical findings reveal that innovative behavior acts on innovation output thus having a positive and significant effect on business performance. Direct effect on business performance is found to be positive but weakly significant. These positive relationships tend to decrease when market conditions are highly dynamic. Practical implications – Managers should be aware of the strategic potential of their innovative skills which can reinforce a firm’s innovativeness in order to improve business performance. Originality/value – This paper proposes a model showing how a manager’s innovative behavior affects innovation output thus enhancing firm performance. The proposed conceptual model gives a more specific vision with the introduction of environmental dynamism as a moderating factor.

Mediating effect of organizational learning and moderating role of environmental dynamism on the relationship between strategic change and firm performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruna Isa Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Environmental Dynamism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose With the materialization of literature on strategic change, it is clear that organizational learning and organizational dynamism have been among the most notable areas of study. The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on strategic management by examining the mediating effects of organizational learning and the moderating role of environmental dynamism on the relationship between strategic change and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach A survey questionnaire was administered to 650 respondents who were both corporate and business-level managers of 22 main deposit money banks (commercial banks) and their branches across the country. In total, 630 questionnaires were returned and 587 were used after following all the processes of data preparation. Path analysis was employed to test the hypotheses in this study using Smart PLS 3. Findings The study found a significant mediating effect of organizational learning on the relationship between strategic change and firm performance. Although no significant moderating role of environmental dynamism was found, the directions of the path coefficients are consistent with the hypothesis. All the relationships between the constructs are significant. Research limitations/implications It is paramount for managers to understand the type of environment and learning that fits diverse kinds of strategic changes in order to improve firm performance. It is evident that changes that are not proactive and generative organizational learning may seem dangerous for a firm. However, organizations should learn to incorporate the change to be able to compete in a dynamic competitive environment. Originality/value Prior studies on strategic change, environmental dynamism and organizational learning have mainly focused on manufacturing and construction industries in the developed countries, but less has been done in the service sector, particularly the banking organizations in developing countries. Nigeria is one of those countries. Therefore, this study focuses on the links between strategic change and firm performance, moderating role of environmental dynamism and the mediating effect of organizational learning within the context of the Nigerian deposit money banks.

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