The further enlargement of the European Union in a historical perspective

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Berend
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Past

The article discusses the proposed enlargement of the European Union by the inclusion of the five Central European Countries, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia and Slovenia in terms of their history. In the past, they have been part of the West at times, but their recent economic history has not been encouraging. What will their prospects be when joining the European Union?

Central Banks of the Visegrad Group States in the Light of Constitutional Regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyna Wilmanowicz-Słupczewska ◽  
Maciej Serowaniec ◽  
Jacek Wantoch-Rekowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Political System ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Original Presentation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Visegrad Group

Abstract The Visegrad Group is a regional form of cooperation of four Central European states, i.e. Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. The above states have been members of the European Union since 2004. What is more, the Visegrad Group is recognized as an alliance and forum for exchanging experiences and developing common positions on matters of particular importance for the future of the region and the European Union. The constitutional provisions of the Visegrad Group states regarding the legal and constitutional status of a central bank were analysed and compared on the basis of analogies and differences. Importantly, today central banks play a significant role in the socio-economic and political system of a state. In particular, the article contains an innovative approach to the subject by comparing the subject matter from the perspective of constitutional regulations. The considerations are based on both the literature of scientific representatives and constitutional regulations, creating a complete and original presentation of the issue.

The phenomenon of Visegrad Interaction in the context of Central European transformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Liubov N. Shishelina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Visegrad Group

In this chapter, the author analyzes the evolution of the Central European / Visegrad idea, its role in the formation of an intellectual opposition, the implementation of reforms, and the current authority of the Visegrad Group within the European Union and beyond. Three decades after the “Velvet” revolutions, the Visegrad Group has proven itself the most successful project of Central European transformation. An important role in this was played by the almost complete mutual understanding between the politicians behind the first wave of transformations, who were leading Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic at the most important stages of the formation of the Visegrad Group. The European Union's road map for transformation has also contributed to this. The Visegrad Group, while not without problems, has fulfilled its historical mission. It has managed to realise the centuries-long dream of the region: it has brought to life the myth of an equal and just Central Europe.

The integration of central European countries into the western European economy from 1988 to 1998

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
F. Festoc-Louis
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Third ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Eu

In 1998, the European Union (EU) entered into negotiations with Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia concerning the enlargement of the Union. At the end of 1999, the European Commission decided that six other countries could join the negotiations in 2000 (Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia, Malta and Romania), and it was suggested that a decision concerning the date of membership would be taken in 2002 for these applicants fulfilling all the criteria. Many questions still remain on both sides, in particular regarding institutional reform of the EU (Festoc, 1998), and the ability of the Central and Eastern European countries to adopt the “acquis”. In this article, we shall evaluate the ways in which the Central European countries (Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic — the CECs) have already integrated to the Western European economy, using trade data over the last ten years. First, we show that since the beginning of the transition, a feature of the foreign trade of the CECs has been a strong reorientation from East to West, in particular to Germany, together with a rapid growth in trade between the EU and the CECs. Second, we describe the trade structure, focussed on foreign direct investment as a mean of developing new exports. The third and fourth sections study the development of the specialisations of the CECs and the nature of trade between the CECs and the EU respectively.

scholarly journals Child Poverty among European Countries and Bulgaria’s Place among Them. Statistical Analysis of Convergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Eu Member States

Children are one of the most vulnerable socio-demographic groups at risk of poverty and social exclusion. Bulgaria and Romania are emerging as the countries in the European Union with the highest levels of child poverty in 2019. The countries with the lowest values of the indicator are Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Denmark. The study of the dynamics of child poverty in Bulgaria shows a downward trend in the development of the indicator for the 2009-2020 period. The study of convergence between European countries shows convergence between EU Member States in terms of child poverty. It is found that countries with higher initial levels of child poverty tend to decline rapidly and move closer to countries with lower levels. Bulgaria has turned out to be a typical example of a country in which there are relatively higher rates of poverty reduction in the group of children for the study period.

scholarly journals Attractiveness of Czech winegrowing and wine-production in the stage of adaptation to the united market of the European Union

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Tomšík ◽  
Pavel Žufan ◽  
Jiří Sedlo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Eu

The paper focuses on the viniculture sector in the Czech Republic in the stage of its adaptation to the united EU-market. The period before the entrance of the Czech Republic to the EU can be characterized by an effort to develop the necessary resources for its quantitative and qualitative growth at the maximum possible level. Evaluation of this period comes from analysis of: legislature and governmental and EU laws, directives and measures, development of the area of vineyards, human resources and businesses, wine market in the Czech Republic and the European Union, financial support of winegrowing and wine-production, structure of wine production, and price of grapes. Legislature for this sector had been changed in relation to the legislature of the EU – the main impacts being in registration of vineyards, the ban on new planting. Area of vineyards was enlarged by about 7 thousand hectares, and the main focus in the near future will be directed to their renewal – because of the age of the vineyards and bad heritage from the past in terms of low investments. The size structure of business subjects changed as well. Production potential is 19.3 thousand hectares of vineyard, there is filed more than 18 thousand wine-growers and nearly 600 wine producers. There is a potential for 20 thousand jobs in this sector, and considering the limited production area of vineyards, this projects into a high influence on the character, and development level of these areas. Consumption of wine is gradually increasing (16.5 litres per habitant per year, as yet). Prices, which were found, are relatively stable in the period of focus, with differences between white and blue varieties. Whereas the financial support of winegrowing was focused on enlarging the area of vineyards, in the pre-accession period, it is redirected to the restructuring of vineyards, integrated production of grapes, and reproduction of vines, in the current period. Wine imports constantly outweigh the exports in volume and value. Prices of grapes have been stable, in the past three years, but the price in 2005 was negatively influenced by wine imports. The analysis is summarized using the industry attractiveness evaluation matrix. It evaluates the selected influences with regard to the wine-production industry, which is evaluated as not very attractive, especially due to the low profitability of winegrowers, excessive regulation, and differences in financial support in different EU-member states.

scholarly journals Income and Poverty in Households in Selected European Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (345) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Teresa Ćwiek ◽  
Paweł Ulman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Visegrad Group

Incomes of population and poverty are key elements of the EU cohesion policy which aims at reducing disparities between the levels of development of individual regions. The traditionally appropriate study to evaluate the convergence of the Member States is the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‑SILC). However, this is not the only source of information on income distribution and social inclusion in the European Union. In this article, the basis for calculations are the results of the fourth European Quality of Life Surveys (EQLS), whose purpose is to measure both objective and subjective indicators of the standard of living of citizens and their households. The aim of the paper is to assess the diversity of distributions of household incomes and the level of income poverty due to the selected socio‑demographic characteristics of the respondent or household in selected European countries in two periods: 2007 and 2016. Countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary) were selected for the analysis, along with the Weimar Triangle (Poland, Germany, and France). Such a selection allowed us to compare the financial situation of households in Western Europe with those in Central and Eastern Europe. Poland becomes a natural link between all these countries. The article uses modelling methods of income distribution, indicators of distance (overlapping) of distributions and aggregate indicators of the scope, depth and severity of poverty. Those ratios were determined on the basis of the use of relative. In order to ensure comparability of incomes of households with different demographic compositions, the analysis used equivalent incomes. As a result of the preliminary analysis, differences were noted regarding the measured position, variation and asymmetry of equivalent incomes in the studied households. The applied gap measurements showed a significant disparity between the distributions of income in Western European countries (Germany, France) and the countries of the Visegrad Group, but the size of that differentation de creased significantly in 2016 relative to 2007. Important differentiation was also noted in terms of income poverty risk within the Visegrad Group: the highest proportion of households at risk of poverty exists in Poland and the lowest in the Czech Republic.

Efficiency of innovation system in the Czech Republic: Comparison with other European countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Eva Jurickova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic

This paper examines the efficiency of the innovation system in the Czech Republic compared to other European Union countries. The analysis is based on a data envelopment method using a model containing innovation drivers, knowledge creation and indicators of innovation and entrepreneurship as inputs, and intellectual property and application assets producing outputs of the national innovation systems of selected European countries. The data envelopment analysis method focuses on non-parametric linear programming, examining the relative performance and efficiency of particular units under a constant return to scale, converting inputs into outputs as variables of modelling. The measured technical efficiency indicates a difference in performance of innovation systems of selected countries of the European Union and compares an obtained score in efficiency evaluated in the model. The Czech Republic belongs to the moderate group in terms of innovation performance; its national innovation system is characterised by weaknesses in intellectual assets and research. Keywords: Innovation, national innovation system, DEA modelling, technical efficiency.

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