scholarly journals The Revenue Program Option in the 2008 U.S. Farm Bill: Evaluating Performance Characteristics of the ACRE Program

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Zulauf ◽  
David Orden
Keyword(s):  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Traditional Programs ◽  
Program Option ◽  
Farm Program

Had only a farm program like the new ACRE state revenue program existed instead of the authorized 1996–2008 programs for com, soybeans, and wheat, farm support expenditures would have occurred earlier but totaled less. In contrast, at the higher prices forecast for the three crops over the 2009–2012 crop years, spending per acre is expected to be higher for acres enrolled in the ACRE program than for acres enrolled in the traditional programs. These results reflect the different design features of the two programs: revenue versus price assistance and assistance levels that adjust with lagged market revenue versus fixed nominal support triggers. The design issues and policy questions raised for both domestic policy considerations and WTO compliance are discussed.

Relative Performance of Conventional Versus Movable-Ballast Racing Yachts

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank DeBord ◽  
Harry Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Velocity Prediction

Over the past few years several advanced concepts have gained wider acceptance from owners of large racing yachts and organizers of major international events. Two of these concepts, water ballast and canting keels, were evaluated during the design of the maxZ86 yachts Pyewacket and Morning Glory. This paper presents the key design features of these large movable ballast racing yachts and compares their performance to conventional racing yachts of similar size. Comparisons include results of physical model tests, CFD analysis using a panel code, velocity prediction program modeling, and sailing data from the existing boats. These results are accompanied by physical explanations of the differences, and the special testing and analysis requirements for the movable-ballast configurations are detailed. Finally, some of the design issues unique to the movable-ballast concepts and design trade-offs are discussed.

scholarly journals Design issues and performance of a chemically recuperated aeroderivative gas turbine

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Carcasci ◽  
B Facchini ◽  
S Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Steam Reformer ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Methane Steam

A number of innovative gas turbine cycles have been proposed lately, including the humid air turbine (HAT) and the chemically recuperated gas turbine (CRGT). The potential of the CRGT cycle lies in the ability to generate power with a high efficiency and ultra-low NOx emissions. Much of the research work published on the CRGT cycle is restricted to an analysis of the thermodynamic potential of the cycle. However, little work has been devoted to discussion of some of the relevant design and operation issues of such cycles. In this paper, part-load performance characteristics are presented for a CRGT cycle based on an aeroderivative gas turbine engine adapted for chemical recuperation. The paper also includes discussion of some of the design issues for the methane-steam reformer component of the cycle. The results of this study show that large heat exchange surface areas and catalyst volumes are necessary to ensure sufficient methane conversion in the methane steam reformer section of the cycle. The paper also shows that a chemically recuperated aeroderivative gas turbine has similar part-load performance characteristics compared with the corresponding steam-injected gas turbine (STIG) cycle.

scholarly journals Did the 1995 Farm Bill Address the Critical Issues? Discussion

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Larry Salathe
Keyword(s):  
Government Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
First Century ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Farm Programs ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
First Time ◽  
Farm Program

AbstractIn 1995, for the first time since the 1930s, the United States failed to pass new farm program legislation. The inability to pass farm legislation occurred despite bipartisan agreement that farm programs should continue the trend over the past decade of less government intervention. This paper discusses the sequence of events, the role of agricultural economists, the major issues, and the lessons learned from the 1995 Farm Bill debate. The trend toward declining government intervention in agriculture will require that the profession look increasingly to the private sector for solutions to the problems facing agriculture in the twenty-first century.

Farm program impacts on incentives for green manure rotations

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Young ◽  
Kathleen M. Painter
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Price Effect ◽  
Crop Acreage ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Farm Programs ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Flexibility Options ◽  
Farm Program ◽  
Relative Profitability

AbstractFarm programs influence the profitability of a crop rotation through five effects: (1) a deficiency payment (DP) effect, (2) an acreage reduction (ARP) effect, (3) a base effect, (4) a crop price effect, and (5) a risk reduction effect. This study initially examines ARP and DP effects of the 1985 Farm Bill on the relative profitability of a low-input rotation and a grain-intensive conventional rotation in Washington state over 1986–1990. In years of low deficiency payments or high foregone returns from ARP land, the low-input green manure rotation was competitive with the conventional rotation but lost its advantage in years of low ARP costs or high deficiency payments. Long-runincentives to maintain wheat base introduced a consistent bias against the low-input green manure rotation. Planting flexibility options proposed during the 1990 Farm Bill debate could reduce farm program barriers to green manure and other low-input rotations. The Bush Administration's Normal Crop Acreage (NCA) proposal, which was not accepted in the 1990 legislation, would have largely eliminated base erosion for the green manure rotation in this study. More importantly, non-ARP green manure acreage would have qualified for deficiency payments under the NCA, thereby sharply increasing the low-input rotation's relative profitability. Proposals like the NCA might receive further attention in the future due to environmental concerns, fiscal pressures, or possible trade agreements requiring multilateral phaseout of agricultural subsidies coupled to commodities.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the 1981 Farm Program For Crops: Implications for the 1985 Farm Bill

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Abner W. Womack ◽  
Stanley R. Johnson ◽  
William H. Meyers ◽  
Robert Young
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Buffer Stock ◽  
Supply Management ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
Farm Program ◽  
Widespread Interest

The cornerstone of the 1977 and 1981 Farm Bills for crops is a buffer stock-supply management program involving the farmer-owned reserve and acreage adjustment instruments. Among the several reasons normally cited for adopting this type program is price and income stability. However, recent swings in commodity prices, net farm income and government program costs have stimulated widespread interest in farm program redesign and modification in 1985.

Estimating The Value of the 0/92 Reduced Planting Alternatives of the 1985 Farm Bill For Farm Program Participants

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy N. Thompson ◽  
Thomas O. Knight ◽  
Billy D. Boren
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
Production Decisions ◽  
Risk Neutral ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Commodity Programs ◽  
Farm Program

Abstract The 50/92 and 0/92reduced planting alternativestives of the 1985 farm bill allow farm program participants more flexibility in making production decisions. Specifically, these provisions relax the incentive to produce inherent in earlier commodity programs that linked deficiency payments directly to harvested acreage. This study examined the value of this additional decision flexibility for crop producers in the Blacklands of Central Texas. The results suggest that the reduced planting alternatives would not be used by, and have no value for risk neutral producers, but have substantial value for risk averse producers who would reduce planted acreage in years when yield expectations are low.

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