scholarly journals The Production Theory Approach to Import Demand Analysis: A Comparison of the Rotterdam Model and the Differential Production Approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Washington ◽  
Richard L. Kilmer
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Demand Elasticities ◽  
Rotterdam Model ◽  
Stage Estimation ◽  
Derived Demand ◽  
Production Approach

Results indicate that, when comparing the unconditional derived-demand elasticities to the unconditional consumer demand elasticities, significant differences emerge due to the differences in the first-stage estimation procedure between the differential production approach and the Rotterdam model. In comparing the consumer demand price/cross-price elasticities to the derived-demand price/cross-price elasticities, it is clear that use of the Rotterdam model when a production approach should be used can lead to overestimation, underestimation, and incorrect signs in deriving unconditional price effects.

scholarly journals Price promotion of organic foods and consumer demand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Danhong Chen ◽  
Edward C. Jaenicke ◽  
Ji Yan ◽  
Kun Tian ◽  
Rodolfo M. Nayga
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Price Promotion ◽  
Price Promotions ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Organic Foods ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Demand Elasticities ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Organic Products

Abstract Existing studies have examined the demand elasticities for organic products only in select categories, and their results for consumers' sensitivity to price changes are inconsistent. Evidence regarding the effects of price promotions on the demand for organic foods vs non-organic foods is scarce. This study aims to (1) examine the own-price elasticities of organic foods vs non-organic counterparts both with and without a promotion in a variety of product categories, and (2) investigate how the distinctive promotion effects between organic and non-organic counterparts depend on food category features. Using purchase data for 36 food categories from the 2015 Nielsen Consumer Panel, we find differential own-price elasticities for organic and non-organic foods, regardless of whether the product is purchased with a promotion. When the products are purchased with a promotion, we find stronger price promotion effects of organic virtues than non-organic virtues and weaker price promotion effects of organic vices than conventional vices. Price promotions of organic foods are more likely to induce health-conscious consumers to switch from conventional purchases to organic purchases in virtues.

scholarly journals Disaggregated Import Demand Functions for Pakistan

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad ◽  
Riaz Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Demand Elasticities ◽  
Activity Variable ◽  
Different Levels

This paper estimates demand elasticities of relative prices and, those with respect to the activity variable for selected imports of Pakistan at different levels of aggregation for the 1969-70 - 1983-84 period. The relative price elasticities, adjusted for tariffs, are found to be quite small and distinctly different from those estimated for developed countries. Elasticities with respect to the activity variable are on the higher side which may reflect the increased outward orientation of the economy during this period. We have also found evidence which supports the argument that import substitution of consumer and capital goods has led to increased import dependence on inputs.

Cross-Price Elasticities of U.S. Import Demand

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Roussland ◽  
Stephen Parker
Keyword(s):  
Import Demand ◽  
Price Elasticities

scholarly journals Import Demand Elasticities and Trade Distortions

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nicita ◽  
Hiau Looi Kee ◽  
Marcelo Olarreaga
Keyword(s):  
Import Demand ◽  
Demand Elasticities

scholarly journals Together at Last: Trade Costs, Demand Structure, and Welfare

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mrázová ◽  
J. Peter Neary
Keyword(s):  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Gains From Trade ◽  
Demand Elasticities ◽  
Segmented Markets ◽  
Demand Structure ◽  
Ces Preferences ◽  
Reciprocal Dumping

We show that relaxing the assumption of CES preferences in monopolistic competition has surprising implications when trade is restricted. Integrated and segmented markets behave differently, the latter typically exhibiting reciprocal dumping. Globalization and lower trade costs have different effects. The former reduces spending on all existing varieties, the latter switches spending from home to imported varieties; when demands are less convex than CES, globalization raises whereas lower trade costs reduce firm output. Finally, calibrating gains from trade is harder. Many more parameters are needed, while import demand elasticities typically overestimate the true elasticities, and so underestimate the gains from trade.

State regulation versus co-management: evidence from the Cochin Estuarine Fisheries in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEENA T. SRINIVASAN
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
Resource Characteristics ◽  
Stage Estimation

This paper examines the property rights of the Cochin estuarine fisheries in India, which in spite of having well-defined access and conservation rules imposed by the state, have failed to ensure proper resource management. Considering the resource characteristics and the causes for state's failure, co-management, which requires a redefinition of management functions by state as well as users, has been proposed as an alternative. Analysis of user characteristics, using the two-stage estimation procedure, throws policy signals that under co-management the state can strengthen the licensing system to restrict access to fishing and to impart awareness regarding conservation rules. The logit analysis on users' role indicates that, although certain types of heterogeneities contribute towards the critical mass needed for a collective action, the distributional implications may lead at least some to oppose co-management. This implies that, even if users initially get to agree to co-operate and share any rents from conservation, significant prisoner's dilemma will soon occur returning the resource to its current state, and co-management will have to still grapple with lack of well-defined property rights.

Australian long-run import demand elasticities: Further evidence

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-252
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Anoruo ◽  
Solomon Usianeneh
Keyword(s):  
Import Demand ◽  
Demand Elasticities ◽  
Long Run

scholarly journals A new estimation method for COVID-19 time-varying reproduction number using active cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hasan ◽  
H. Susanto ◽  
V.R. Tjahjono ◽  
R. Kusdiantara ◽  
E.R.M. Putri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Stage Estimation

AbstractWe propose a new method to estimate the time-varying effective (or instantaneous) reproduction number of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The method is based on a discrete-time stochastic augmented compartmental model that describes the virus transmission. A two-stage estimation method, which combines the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate reported state variables (active and removed cases) and a low pass filter based on a rational transfer function to remove short term fluctuations of the reported cases, is used with case uncertainties that are assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution. Our method does not require information regarding serial intervals, which makes the estimation procedure simpler without reducing the quality of the estimate. We show that the proposed method is comparable to common approaches, e.g., age-structured and new cases based sequential Bayesian models. We also apply it to COVID-19 cases in the Scandinavian countries: Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, where we see a delay of about four days in predicting the epidemic peak.

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