scholarly journals Economics of Groundwater Irrigation in Nepal: Some Farm-Level Evidences

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humnath Bhandari ◽  
Sushil Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Credit Programs ◽  
Positive Effect

This article examines the economics of groundwater irrigation and shallow tubewell (STW) ownership decision making, using farm-level data collected from 324 households in Nepal. STW irrigation generated a significant positive effect on rice yield and farmers' incomes. Based on a probit model, the farm size, land fragmentation, access to electricity, and access to credit were found to significantly influence farmers' decisions to own STWs. Although the water market benefited poor farmers, it is too small and monopolistic. Policy reforms needed to make groundwater accessible to the poor majority include effective credit programs, investments in rural electrification, and public sector support for promoting suitable pumping technologies.

scholarly journals Adoption of Agroforestry Practices by Arable Farmers in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
O. N. Oladele ◽  
U. U. Emeghara ◽  
B. F. Ishola ◽  
J. T. Ayodele ◽  
T. A. Awobona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Adoption Level ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

The study examined the level of adoption of agroforestry practices among arable farmers in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers with the use of structured questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, level of adoption of agroforestry practices, types of agroforestry practices adopted, factors influencing the willingness of farmers to adopt agroforestry practices and constraints faced by the farmers in adopting agroforestry-based farming. Data was analysed using frequency, percentage, mean and probit model. The study found that male (78.00%) dominated farming activities in the study area, the majority (96.00%) of the farmers is in the age group of 21-60 years, most of the farmers (87.00%) are educated and the majority (76.00%) of them had more than 5 years farming experience. The study revealed that the adoption of agroforestry practices is high (79.00%) in the study areas. Retention of trees on farmland was mostly adopted (31.00%) while shifting cultivation is the least adopted (5.00%) agroforestry practice in the study area. The result of the probit model analysis showed that farm size (1.1122), farming experience (0.0231) and access to credit (0.1103) were the factors that significantly influence farmers’ willingness to adopt agroforestry practices at 10.00% probability level in the study area. However the level of adoption of agroforestry practices in the study area was hampered by constraints such as high capital intensive nature of agroforestry practices (87.00%), poor extension service (80.00%), inadequate capital (77.00%), poor technical know-how of agroforestry practices (45.00%), land tenure system (36.00%) and lack of access to credit (13.00%). The study suggests that to enhance the adoption level of agroforestry practices among farmers in the study area, improved agroforestry extension services should be provided to farmers; workshops, seminars and symposia should be organized for adequate training of farmers to understand the techniques of agroforestry; and farmers should be encouraged to form cooperative societies so that they can have access to credit facility to boost their capital.

scholarly journals Determinants of Market Participation of Smallholder Sorghum Farmers and Strategies for Improving Their Participation; the Case of Moretna Jiru District, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atinkugn Assefa Belete
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Smallholder Farm ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify market participation of smallholder’s Sorghum producers in Moretna jiru district, central Ethiopia. Primary data was collected from 355 randomly selected smallholder farm households from three randomly selected kebeles in the district. The survey data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometrics model with probit and Tobit censored model. Results of the probit model analysis showed that output, farm size, extension contact and ownership of transport positive and significant role in households’ decision to participate in sorghum output sales at 1% level of significance; whereas, household income, off-farm income, access to credit and lack of information negatively at 1% and 10% level of significance. Results of Tobit censored analysis showed; extension contact, farm size, output and membership of farmer group have positive and significant role in the value of sorghum at 1% level of significance; while access to credit was found to have negative significant role at 5% level of significance. Farm size, output, extension contact and membership of farmer group was found to affect both households’ decisions to participate and intensity of participation in sorghum sales at 1% level of significance. Based on the findings there is a need to enhance the interaction between extension export and farmers and distribute trained extension exports in all kebeles by giving different trainings. ; and help the farmers improve land productivity, where possible, by intensifying farm practices through provision of sustainable and timely availability of inputs and management practices so as to generate surplus sorghum output and boost sales.

scholarly journals Determinants of agriculture credit fungibility among smallholder farmers: The case of rural Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kwabena Nkansah Darfor ◽  
◽  
Martinson Ankrah Twumasi ◽  
Selorm Akaba ◽  
Michael Kwamega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Male Farmer ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

This study examined the determinants of rural household agriculture credit fungibility (CF). The study found agricultural CF among farmers, with approximately 79% of farmers involved in agricultural CF. Household financial burden was found to be the main cause of CF among the studied farmers. Most fungible credit was used for clothing and food consumption. A probit model was employed to analyze survey data collected from four regions in Ghana. We employed an instrumental variable approach (IV-Probit) to test for robustness due to endogeneity issues. The econometric model results show that the variables of off-farm income and farm size inversely influenced agricultural CF, while those of education, household size, male farmer gender, and chronic disease variables had a positive effect on agricultural CF. Our findings have policy implications for alleviating agricultural CF.

scholarly journals Efficiency Analysis of Developing Country Agriculture: A Review of the Frontier Function Literature

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris E. Bravo-Ureta ◽  
António E. Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
Farmer Education

This article reviews and critiques the frontier literature dealing with farm level efficiency in developing countries. A total of 30 studies from 14 different countries are examined. The country that has received most attention is India, while rice has been the most studied agricultural product. The average technical efficiency (TE) index from all the studies reviewed is 72%. The few studies reporting allocative and economic efficiency show an average of 68% and 43%, respectively. These results suggest that there is considerable room to increase agricultural output without additional inputs and given existing technology. Several of the studies reviewed have sought to explain farm level variation in TE. The variables most frequently used for this purpose have been farmer education and experience, contacts with extension, access to credit, and farm size. With the exception of farm size, the results reveal that these variables tend to have a positive and statistically significant impact on TE. This paper shows that considerable effort has been devoted to measuring efficiency in developing country agriculture using a wide range of frontier models. Despite all this work, the extent to which efficiency measures are sensitive to the choice of methodology remains uncertain.

scholarly journals Effects of Social Capital on Cocoa Production in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mbu Daniel Tambi ◽  
◽  
Muluh Mildred Lum ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
The Impact

The importance of social capital is another new stylized fact in promoting agriculture The objectives targeted are: to examine the impact of social capital in the enhancement of cocoa production, explore the determinants of social capital and to determine the challenges faced by producers in Santchou cocoa zone. Methodologically, we have constructed a social capital indicator using Multiple Correspondence Analyses. Primary data is collected in the zone and probit model use to estimate the result. The result revealed a strong correlation between social capital and agricultural production while the level of education, gender, marital status, financial status, experience in farm activity, household size and agricultural training are strongly corroborating with social capital. In addition, farm size, level of education, application of farm inputs (pesticides and fertilizers), modern equipment, climate change, access to credit and land tenure system are observed to be the major challenges of farmers in this cocoa zone. We suggest that the decision makers should promote social networking among farmers in the zone.

scholarly journals Adoption of Recommended Varieties: A Farmlevel Analysis of Wheat Growers in Irrigated Punjab

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
M. Azeem Khan ◽  
Munir Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Adoption Decisions

This study uses farm level data to analyse the determinants of adoption of recommended wheat varieties in irrigated Punjab, Pakistan. A notable proportion of wheat acreage is sown to non-recommended wheat varieties in the province. These cultivars had either lost (overtime) or did not have resistance against yellow rust. Farm size, education, and size of wheat enterprise on the farm are the important determinants of adoption of recommended wheat varieties while tractor ownership and irrigation source play a positive but insignificant role in the adoption decisions. Age and tenure proved to be less of a constraint towards adoption of the recommended wheat varieties. The likelihood of the adoption of recommended wheat varieties varied among tehsils, with the highest probabilities of adoption in Melsi and Arifwala tehsils of cotton-wheat zones I and II respectively.

Food insecurity transitions among rural households in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Emem Ime Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Food Expenditure

Food insecurity dynamics of rural households in Nigeria was assessed using a panel data. Results showed that 44.4% of households that were food secure in the first panel transited into food insecurity in the second panel, while 32.5% that were mildly food insecure transited into food security. Furthermore, 25.7% transited from moderate food insecurity to food security, while 38.2% transited from severe food insecurity to food security. About 35.1% of households were never food insecure; 11.4% exited food insecurity 28.0% entered food insecurity; while 25.48% remained always food insecure. Having primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, household size, share of non-food expenditure and farm size explained food insecurity transition. However, the likelihood of a household being always food insecure was explained by gender, female-to-male-adult ratio, marital status, primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, share of non-food expenditure, farm size, access to credit and access to remittance.

Does a Diversified Crop Portfolio Make Farmers More Efficient? A Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis of Farm-level Data from Assam, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097300522199758
Author(s):  
Raju Mandal ◽  
Shrabanti Maity
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Stochastic Production

The agriculture sector in India is beset with twin limitations of shrinking cultivable area and absence of major technological breakthroughs in the recent past. In such a situation, a judicious management of the farm in the form of adjustment in a crop portfolio can be quite useful to maximise output and minimise wastage of resources. This article seeks to examine whether a diversified crop portfolio makes the farmers more efficient using farm-level survey data collected from geographically diverse areas of Assam, a state in northeast India. The results of a stochastic production frontier analysis show that adoption of a diversified crop portfolio across crops and seasons makes the farmers more efficient in cultivation by helping them reduce weather-induced damages to crops and reap better returns from farming. This efficiency-enhancing effect of crop diversification is found to be heterogeneous among the regions. However, too much diversification reduces the efficiency of farmers. The results have important implications for Assam where floods cause extensive damage to crops every year. Moreover, access to extension services and government support are found to make the farmers more efficient. On the other hand, fixed-rent form of tenancy reduces efficiency of the farmers while household size has a positive impact on the same.

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