scholarly journals Efficiency Analysis of Developing Country Agriculture: A Review of the Frontier Function Literature

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris E. Bravo-Ureta ◽  
António E. Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
Farmer Education

This article reviews and critiques the frontier literature dealing with farm level efficiency in developing countries. A total of 30 studies from 14 different countries are examined. The country that has received most attention is India, while rice has been the most studied agricultural product. The average technical efficiency (TE) index from all the studies reviewed is 72%. The few studies reporting allocative and economic efficiency show an average of 68% and 43%, respectively. These results suggest that there is considerable room to increase agricultural output without additional inputs and given existing technology. Several of the studies reviewed have sought to explain farm level variation in TE. The variables most frequently used for this purpose have been farmer education and experience, contacts with extension, access to credit, and farm size. With the exception of farm size, the results reveal that these variables tend to have a positive and statistically significant impact on TE. This paper shows that considerable effort has been devoted to measuring efficiency in developing country agriculture using a wide range of frontier models. Despite all this work, the extent to which efficiency measures are sensitive to the choice of methodology remains uncertain.

scholarly journals Measurement and Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Crop Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isha Sharma ◽  
M.K. Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
The World ◽  
Farmer Education

Output is determined by the efficiency with which available technologies are used i.e. with the improvement in technical efficiency. There are extensive numbers of studies focusing on efficiency as a means of fostering agriculture production. The article reviews the literature devoted to technical efficiency analysis in various countries and its applications to agricultural production. The studies reviewed focused particularly on rice and wheat making them the most studied agricultural product by researchers. The review of efficiency analysis shows that agricultural output can be increased without additional inputs with given existing technology. Technical efficiency of agricultural crops like wheat, paddy, cotton etc grown in different countries of the world like India, Pakistan, Ethopia, Srilanka were reviewed and it was found that except for farm size, the variables like farmer education and experience, contacts with extension personnel and access to credit, tend to have a positive and statistically significant impact on technical efficiency.

scholarly journals Economics of Groundwater Irrigation in Nepal: Some Farm-Level Evidences

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humnath Bhandari ◽  
Sushil Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Credit Programs ◽  
Positive Effect

This article examines the economics of groundwater irrigation and shallow tubewell (STW) ownership decision making, using farm-level data collected from 324 households in Nepal. STW irrigation generated a significant positive effect on rice yield and farmers' incomes. Based on a probit model, the farm size, land fragmentation, access to electricity, and access to credit were found to significantly influence farmers' decisions to own STWs. Although the water market benefited poor farmers, it is too small and monopolistic. Policy reforms needed to make groundwater accessible to the poor majority include effective credit programs, investments in rural electrification, and public sector support for promoting suitable pumping technologies.

scholarly journals Determinants on the adoption of modern agricultural technology at farm household level: a case study in Dong Anh District, Hanoi city, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen X. Dinh ◽  
Nguyen M. Dung
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Farmer Education ◽  
Logit Regression Model ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to identify the determinants on the adoption of modern agricultural technology at farm level in Dong Anh district, Hanoi city, Vietnam. A total of 300 farm households from Dong Anh district were randomly interviewed face to face for the necessary data collection. Logit regression model was used to explore the impact of different factors on the adoption of the modern agricultural technology. Findings indicated that the farmer’ education, households’ income, farm size, access to extension services and access to credit had statistically significant and positive impacts on the adoption. Meanwhile the number of land plot reflected the negative impact on the adoption. To foster the level of adoption, this study urges stimulating land accumulation for larger farm size and reduced number of land plots. In addition, demonstration models and more training courses for the farmers emphasizing on how to apply the modern agricultural technology and credit program providing loan with preferential interest rate should be provided for the farm households in the district.

Food insecurity transitions among rural households in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Emem Ime Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Food Expenditure

Food insecurity dynamics of rural households in Nigeria was assessed using a panel data. Results showed that 44.4% of households that were food secure in the first panel transited into food insecurity in the second panel, while 32.5% that were mildly food insecure transited into food security. Furthermore, 25.7% transited from moderate food insecurity to food security, while 38.2% transited from severe food insecurity to food security. About 35.1% of households were never food insecure; 11.4% exited food insecurity 28.0% entered food insecurity; while 25.48% remained always food insecure. Having primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, household size, share of non-food expenditure and farm size explained food insecurity transition. However, the likelihood of a household being always food insecure was explained by gender, female-to-male-adult ratio, marital status, primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, share of non-food expenditure, farm size, access to credit and access to remittance.

scholarly journals Adoption of Improved Mungbean Production Technologies in Selected East African Countries

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Frank Mmbando ◽  
Emmanuel Mbeyagala ◽  
Papias Binagwa ◽  
Rael Karimi ◽  
Hellen Opie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Household Asset ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
Production Technologies

This study analyzes the factors that influence the probability and extent of the adoption of mungbean production technologies in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda, using multivariate probit and Poisson regression models. The results show that the probability and extent of the adoption of mungbean production technologies are influenced by gender of the household, household size, farm size, livestock size, household assets, access to extension services and access to credit. The study suggests that policy interventions that aimed at targeting women farmers, increasing household asset and information dissemination, such as field demonstrations and training programs, are crucial in enhancing technology adoption among smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Enamine/Transition Metal Combined Catalysis: Catalytic Transformations Involving Organometallic Electrophilic Intermediates

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Afewerki ◽  
Armando Córdova
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Transition Metal Catalysis ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Metal Catalysis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selective Chemical

AbstractThe concept of merging enamine activation catalysis with transition metal catalysis is an important strategy, which allows for selective chemical transformations not accessible without this combination. The amine catalyst activates the carbonyl compounds through the formation of a reactive nucleophilic enamine intermediate and, in parallel, the transition metal activates a wide range of functionalities such as allylic substrates through the formation of reactive electrophilic π-allyl-metal complex. Since the first report of this strategy in 2006, considerable effort has been devoted to the successful advancement of this technology. In this chapter, these findings are highlighted and discussed.

THE DETERMINANTS OF LIVELIHOOD INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
M. Akinyemi ◽  
J. A. Olayinka ◽  
M. Junaidu ◽  
D. Ekpa ◽  
T. Bodaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Access To Credit

Rural economy in Nigeria is worst hit with the erratic and unpredictable factors that affect agricultural practice which is the main livelihood of the rural farm households. Consequently, farmers are left with the option of sourcing other means of survival to cope with the hard times due to in consistent and seasonal distribution of income which characterize small farm holders in sub-Saharan African countries. This study investigates the factor influencing the livelihood income diversification among rural farm households in Osun state, Nigeria. Multi stage sampling techniques was employed to sample120 structured and pre-tested questionnaires from 120 rural farm households. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that household heads of age range 50-60 years are 38.6% and about 40.70% had primary education while 26.30% had no education. About 98.31% of the rural households engaged in farming out of which 80.57% have farm size ranging between 1-3 hacters. Logit regression analysis shows that access to credit was positively significant (P<0.05) which implies that farmers that have access to credit were more likelihood to have income diversification. Age of the farmers was negatively significant (P<0.1). It connotes that the older the farmers the lesser the likelihood to income diversification. Income equivalent of household was positively significant (P<0.1). Access to electricity was positively significant (P<0.05). This implies that access to electricity increase farmer’s likelihood to income diversification. The off-farm income analysis shows that education and farm size were respectively negative and

A Pragmatic Study for Enhancing Agricultural Efficiency through Labor Freedom

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Rajni Kapoor ◽  
Nimai Das
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Rural Workers

The study aims to explore labor freedom in the agricultural sector for enhancing the efficiency of farming through policy change towards assigning property rights, rental contracts, and better wage-employment options to rural workers. Labor freedom emphasizes land reform and development policy for improving the economic status and capabilities of rural workers. The paper assessed the labor freedom index, weighted through agricultural property rights, labor wage contracts, and rural development policy. Data envelopment analysis is used to assess farm-level efficiency under the framework of Tobit regression for different size-based farm categories. Farm-level information was collected through a primary survey of 336 rural households of an advanced agricultural state in India. The study found a positive association between farm size and intensity of labor freedom, although the extent of freedom differs among farms. Size-specific variation was also observed for allocative efficiency such that marginal and medium-sized farms are more efficient than smaller ones. Tobit regression indicated labor freedom to be positively and significantly related to the efficiency of marginal, small and overall farms with enhancing efficiency of 25, 17 and nearly 20%, respectively; however, estimates of labor freedom insignificantly increased the efficiency of mediums farms, by 4.8%. This result suggests that labor freedom positive and significantly affects the efficiency of farms in general, and marginal and small farms in particular. Of course, the elasticity estimate of enhancing efficiency through labor freedom for medium farmers is found at a lower level.

Research and Development of Fuel-Saving Technology of Automobile Gasoline Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Bing Guo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Automobile Gasoline

Abstract: With the car into the family, for such a big developing country, how to effectively use and conserve resources, better adapt to the needs of the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy, has become China’s key strategic issues. Currently, fuel-saving technologies in the use of vehicles have been a wide range of applications, and develop towards the trend of diversification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document