scholarly journals Determinants of Market Participation of Smallholder Sorghum Farmers and Strategies for Improving Their Participation; the Case of Moretna Jiru District, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atinkugn Assefa Belete
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Smallholder Farm ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify market participation of smallholder’s Sorghum producers in Moretna jiru district, central Ethiopia. Primary data was collected from 355 randomly selected smallholder farm households from three randomly selected kebeles in the district. The survey data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometrics model with probit and Tobit censored model. Results of the probit model analysis showed that output, farm size, extension contact and ownership of transport positive and significant role in households’ decision to participate in sorghum output sales at 1% level of significance; whereas, household income, off-farm income, access to credit and lack of information negatively at 1% and 10% level of significance. Results of Tobit censored analysis showed; extension contact, farm size, output and membership of farmer group have positive and significant role in the value of sorghum at 1% level of significance; while access to credit was found to have negative significant role at 5% level of significance. Farm size, output, extension contact and membership of farmer group was found to affect both households’ decisions to participate and intensity of participation in sorghum sales at 1% level of significance. Based on the findings there is a need to enhance the interaction between extension export and farmers and distribute trained extension exports in all kebeles by giving different trainings. ; and help the farmers improve land productivity, where possible, by intensifying farm practices through provision of sustainable and timely availability of inputs and management practices so as to generate surplus sorghum output and boost sales.

scholarly journals Farmers Contribution to Agriculture in Rural Development of Fufore Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
M. R. Umar ◽  
I. J. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Access To Credit

This study was carried out to access farmer’s contribution to Agriculture in Rural Development of Fufore LGA of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Seven wards within the LGA were selected (Ribadu, Gurin, Farang, Mayo-ine, Pariya, Karlahi and Yadim). Thirty (30) questionnaires were randomly distributed to the household in each ward selected through multi-state random sampling technique as primary data. A total of Two Hundred and Ten (210) farmers were selected for the study. Data were analyzed with the aid of descriptive statistics and multiple regression models. Results show that Age, Marital status, Farm size, Family size, Education level have percentage ranging from 10-28.6, 13.3-31, 4-69, 5.2-31 and 15.2-37.6% respectively while Primary occupation, Access to credit, Number of extension visit and farm income percentage values ranged from 3.8-43.9, 15.7-25.7, 5.7-53.4 and 8.1-35.7% respectively.  The result further shows that the majority of the respondents are still in their youthful stage and 31% of them were married. The study further reveals that 69% of the respondents cultivate on 1-5 hectares of land, the result of the multiple regression analysis indicates that farm size was negative and significant at 5% level; Education level has a positive coefficient and significant at 1% level while access to credit coefficient was positive and significant at 5% level. The findings of the regression equation determine the manner towards farmer’s contribution to agriculture in rural development and examine the constraints militating farmer’s contributions to agriculture in the study area. Cob-Douglas function with R­2 value of 0.813 was chosen as the lead equation. Low price of farm output poor extension visits, market distance, is some of the major problems affecting the contribution of agriculture to the development of the study area. It was therefore recommended that there is need to train and provide farming equipment’s, agricultural credit should also provide the needed environment to foster rural development facilities in Fufore Local Government Area of Adamawa State.

scholarly journals Effects of Social Capital on Cocoa Production in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mbu Daniel Tambi ◽  
◽  
Muluh Mildred Lum ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
The Impact

The importance of social capital is another new stylized fact in promoting agriculture The objectives targeted are: to examine the impact of social capital in the enhancement of cocoa production, explore the determinants of social capital and to determine the challenges faced by producers in Santchou cocoa zone. Methodologically, we have constructed a social capital indicator using Multiple Correspondence Analyses. Primary data is collected in the zone and probit model use to estimate the result. The result revealed a strong correlation between social capital and agricultural production while the level of education, gender, marital status, financial status, experience in farm activity, household size and agricultural training are strongly corroborating with social capital. In addition, farm size, level of education, application of farm inputs (pesticides and fertilizers), modern equipment, climate change, access to credit and land tenure system are observed to be the major challenges of farmers in this cocoa zone. We suggest that the decision makers should promote social networking among farmers in the zone.

THE DETERMINANTS OF LIVELIHOOD INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
M. Akinyemi ◽  
J. A. Olayinka ◽  
M. Junaidu ◽  
D. Ekpa ◽  
T. Bodaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Access To Credit

Rural economy in Nigeria is worst hit with the erratic and unpredictable factors that affect agricultural practice which is the main livelihood of the rural farm households. Consequently, farmers are left with the option of sourcing other means of survival to cope with the hard times due to in consistent and seasonal distribution of income which characterize small farm holders in sub-Saharan African countries. This study investigates the factor influencing the livelihood income diversification among rural farm households in Osun state, Nigeria. Multi stage sampling techniques was employed to sample120 structured and pre-tested questionnaires from 120 rural farm households. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that household heads of age range 50-60 years are 38.6% and about 40.70% had primary education while 26.30% had no education. About 98.31% of the rural households engaged in farming out of which 80.57% have farm size ranging between 1-3 hacters. Logit regression analysis shows that access to credit was positively significant (P<0.05) which implies that farmers that have access to credit were more likelihood to have income diversification. Age of the farmers was negatively significant (P<0.1). It connotes that the older the farmers the lesser the likelihood to income diversification. Income equivalent of household was positively significant (P<0.1). Access to electricity was positively significant (P<0.05). This implies that access to electricity increase farmer’s likelihood to income diversification. The off-farm income analysis shows that education and farm size were respectively negative and

scholarly journals Tribal womens involvement with pig farming in Bangladesh: an evidence of Moulvibazar district

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
R Khanum ◽  
MSA Mahadi ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Benefit Cost

The study examined the profitability and factors affecting farm income from pig farming in Moulvibazar district of Bangladesh. A multistage sampling technique was followed to select 70tribal women entrepreneurs involved with pig farming. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, benefit-cost analysis, and linear regression model. Average age of pig entrepreneurs was 39.47 years which indicates that they are young and agile. About 71% of Garo entrepreneurs had experience for pig farming. The cost and return analysis showed that in one year, the gross margin was Tk. 56743.70, while the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was 1.19 indicating that the enterprise is profitable. Regression analysis revealed that three variables namely farm size, age of the respondent and experience of pig farming are significant factors affecting farm income. Thus, it was recommended that tribal women should be encouraged to practice pig farming to overcome their low income and unemployment situation.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 115-127 (2018)

scholarly journals Gender Differentials in Technical Efficiency among Small-Scale Cassava Farmers in Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Yisa ◽  
M. I. Nwojo ◽  
A. A. A. Coker ◽  
A. Adewumi ◽  
F. D. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Farm Inputs

This study examined gender differentials in technical efficiency among small scale cassava farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. The profitability of cassava production, technical efficiency as well as the factors influencing inefficiency among the farmers in the study area were determined. Well structured questionnaire and interview schedule were employed to obtain primary data from the 133 male and 147 female cassava farmers sampled from two agricultural zones in Abia State. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting technique and stochastic frontier production function. A total of 73.68% of males and 81.63% of females were married, with an average household size of 6 and 5 persons, mean farming experience of 18 years for males and 16 years for females, and cultivated less than 2ha of land. Cassava production was profitable with a gross margin of ₦140,978.28 per hectare for males and ₦131,070.27 per hectare for females. The maximum likelihood estimates showed male farmers were more technically efficient with mean efficiency score of 0.82 compared to 0.78 for female farmers. Factors affecting the technical efficiency of male farmers included farm size, educational level, extension contact, credit amount while that of the female farmers were age, farm size, cooperative membership, land ownership and off-farm income. High cost of acquiring credit facilities and farm inputs, poor road network, inadequate extension services, limited farmland were the major constraints faced by farmers in the study area. It was concluded that male farmers were more technically efficient and also had higher gross income per hectare than their female counterpart. Policies aimed at improving the female farmers’ access to land and other farm inputs should be established and implemented by the government in order to increase efficiency was recommended.

scholarly journals Households’ Decision to Participate in Cooperative Organizations: Evidence from Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Nsikak-Abasi A. Etim ◽  
Samuel P. Udolnyang ◽  
Elizabeth S. Ebukiba ◽  
Edet J. Udoh
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Farmer Organizations ◽  
Coefficient Of Concordance

Farmer organizations are effective mechanisms for increasing agricultural production, darners income and reducing poverty. Regrettably, farmers have not taken advantage of the lofty benefits accruable to those who voluntarily join these organizations. The study estimated the factors influencing households decision to participate in cooperative organizations and also tested the level of agreement among identified constraints linked with participation. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 farmers for the study. Primary data  were obtained using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Probit model and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Results of analyses revealed that the mean age, years of educational attainment  household size and years of farming experience were 32, 15, 5 and 7 respectively. Result of probit analysis further indicate that age of the farmer, farm income, household size, participation in meeting, major decision maker, distance of farm to the nearest road and farmers social status were the most critical factors influencing households decision to participate in cooperative organizations. Result of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance revealed that there was 0.42 (moderate agreement) between the ranking of constraints associated with farmers' participation in cooperative organizations. Furthermore, findings showed that the top five factors limiting households’ decision to participate in cooperative organizations were inadequate capital accumulation, high embezzlement of funds, poor leadership, recurring internal crises and lack of initiative. Policies to provide good and accessible roads, increase farmers incomes and encourage youths are rational options that will enhance effective participation in cooperative organizations.

scholarly journals Cost and Returns Analysis of Groundnut Production in Qua’an Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
A. A. Dalla ◽  
S. K. Vihi ◽  
B. Jesse ◽  
L. G. Tor
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Plateau State

This study assessed cost and returns analysis of groundnut production in Qua’an Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the socio economic characteristics of groundnut producers in the study area, estimate the cost and returns of groundnut production, determine the input and output relationship in groundnut production and identify the constraints faced by groundnut farmers in the study area. Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 150 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires and interview technique and were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results obtained from the study revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 38 years with males dominating (82%) the groundnut production enterprise in the study area. Greater (85%) percentages of respondents were married with majority (64%) of them having primary school education. The respondents had an average household size of nine (9) persons, a mean farming experience of 9.3 years and an average farm size of 3.0 hectares. The result also revealed that majority (72%) of the respondents did not belong to any cooperative/ farming association. The result indicates that majority (79%) of the groundnut farmers acquired their farmland by inheritance. Groundnut production in the study area is profitable. The average output obtained per hectare was 696 kg at the prevailing selling price of ₦280/kg. The total revenue (TR), gross margin (GM) and, net farm income (NFI) per hectare obtained were ₦194880, ₦139380 and ₦123730 respectively. The return on naira invested (RNI) by farmers in the study area was ₦1.70 indicating that for every one naira invested, ₦1.70 profit was gained. The result of the double log production function analysis shows that farm size, cost of fertilizer and cost of labour were statistically significant and influenced the profitability of groundnut production.  Major constraints to groundnut production in the study area include; high cost of inputs (64 %), high cost of labour (49 %), lack of organized market system (47%), land tenure (42%) among others. The study recommends that groundnut stakeholders and research institutes should work more on introducing new improved groundnut varieties. Government should subsidize groundnut inputs like recommended fertilizer and herbicides so as to motivate farmers to grow groundnut. Government should establish organized marketing systems where farmers will have proper and reliable linkages with buyers thereby reducing the undue exploitative tendencies of the middlemen.  Improved storage facilities should be provided so that farmers could store their produce to avoid spoilage and for sale during times of scarcity.

scholarly journals Income Diversification and Sustainable Land Management Practices among Rural Cassava-based Farmers in Imo State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
I. H. Eririogu ◽  
E. D. Mevayekuku ◽  
R. N. Echebiri ◽  
A. Atama ◽  
P. C. Amanze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
On Farm

Aims: To examine the income diversification activities and sustainable land management practices among rural cassava-based farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. Study Design: Primary data collection. Place and Duration of Study: Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Pre-requisite study, Post-Graduation in Agricultural Resource and Environmental Economics, between August 2017 and January 2018. Methodology: Data were collected using well-structured questionnaire, administered to rural cassava-based farmers. Multi-stage and purposive sampling techniques were employed, and one hundred and twenty (120) farmers were randomly selected for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Sustainable Land Management Index, Probit model and Inverse Herfindahl–Hirschman Diversity Index. The sustainable land management index (SLMI) was constructed from twelve (12) different sustainable land management indicators based on the sustainable practices prevalent in the study area. Results: Results showed that cassava-based production was dominated by female farmers (63.33%) with mean age of 46, married (70.00%) with mean household size of 6 persons. The Inverse Herfindahl-Hirschman Diversity (IHHD) results showed that 87.50% of rural cassava-based farmers diversified their income base into other income-generating activities namely, off-farm and/or non-farm activities. The mean naira value for on-farm income was N 130,646.2k, while that of off-farm and non-farm were N 20,554.17k and N 78,333.33k, respectively. Cassava-based farmers diversified mostly into non-farm activities together with their on-farm activities, with a mean annual income (in naira) of N244,333.60k. The probit analysis showed that off-farm and non-farm activities have positive and significant effects on sustainable land management practices. The off-farm and non-farm activities encouraged the rural cassava-based farmers to adapt sustainable land management practices. However, doubling farmer’s engagement to off-farm activities (off-farm2) had a negative effect on sustainable land management, indicating that doubling their engagement to off-farm activities empowers farmers to adapt unsustainable labour-saving practices such over use of agrochemicals (herbicides, inorganic fertilizers and insecticides), due to drudgery and exhaustion as they allocate more of their labour services to another farmer’s farm. Conclusion: In order to improve the adoption and adaption of sustainable land management practices, and reduce the drudgery in cassava production as farmers diversify more into off-farm activities, sustainable labour-saving technologies and practices such as conservation tillage and simple tools that reduce labour requirement in cassava production, save time and energy, were recommended. More lands should be allocated to cassava farmers, as farm land diversity will facilitate the adoption and adaption of sustainable land management practices such as fallowing and crop rotation that increase productivity by replacing fallow periods with growing different crops that replenish soil nutrients.

scholarly journals Determinants of Market Outlet Choices by Smallholder Chickpea Farmers in Estie District Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chernet Worku Erkie ◽  
Marlign Adugna ◽  
Essa Chanie
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Multivariate Probit Model ◽  
Market Channel

Abstract In Ethiopia, chickpea is an important plus crop, particularly in Estie district. It is a source of food and provides cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. To commercialize chickpea producers, selecting an appropriate market channel is mandatory. However, selecting an appropriate market channel is not an easy task because there are different factors that affect market outlet choices in the district. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors that affecting chickpea market outlet choices. Both primary & secondary sources of data were used. A two-stage random sampling procedure was used and a total of 122 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multivariate probit model was employed to identify factors affecting chickpea market outlet choices. The result shows that five major chickpea marketing channels were identified and among them wholesalers and retailers purchased about (61.84%) and (18.2%) respectively. The estimation result of multivariate probit model showed that the likelihood of sampled households to select collectors, consumers, retailers and wholesalers were 25.3%, 35.4%, 30.5% and 36%, respectively. The joint probability of success and failure to select all market outlets was 0.01537% and 13.4% respectively. It also indicated that sex of household, education status, family size, off-farm income, access to credit; lagged price and distance to market significantly affected the market channel choice decision of producers. Based on the findings, Government and concerned stakeholders need to focus more on enhancing accessibility of infrastructures facilities, strengthening credit access and improving yield through extension service to accelerate selecting appropriate market channel.

The ripple effect of credit accessibility on the technical efficiency of maize farmers in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Siaw ◽  
Yuansheng Jiang ◽  
Martinson Ankrah Twumasi ◽  
Wonder Agbenyo ◽  
Gideon Ntim-Amo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of access to credit on technical efficiency (TE) of maize farmers in a developing country, Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed an instrumental variable approach and the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method for the estimation of the results.FindingsThe study found that farmers who have access to agricultural credit stand the chance of increasing TE by a margin of 8%, which also influences the maize production than those who did not have access to credit. The average TE score of the farmers was 74%. The study also found out that factors like membership, gender, farmers' access to credit, age and social network determine farmers' possibility of accessing agricultural credit. The study finds out that returns to size are increasing among the maize farmers and that significant improvement in efficiency can be realized by increasing the level of input used in production. Also, factors such as farm size, labor, seeds and fertilizer are the essential determinants of maize production output. Also, gender, extension, age, off-farm income, access to credit and membership were significant factors influencing technical inefficiency (TI).Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the existing literature on agricultural credit on rural agricultural development. The problem of endogeneity associated with access to credit, which has been considered by other researchers, is dealt with this study. This paper also provides information to government policymakers, practitioners and all other stakeholders in the maize sub-sectors and also will benefit small farmers outside the study area.

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