scholarly journals Pricing Benefit Externalities of Soil Carbon Sequestration in Multifunctional Agriculture

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. Hartell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Mathematical Programming ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Multifunctional Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Valuation Process

“Multifunctionality” emphasizes the benefit externality properties of nonfood products that coincide with agricultural commodity production, some of which also have public-good properties. However, determining the willingness to pay for local benefit externalities is seen as necessary but daunting. This paper pursues the idea that the valuation process might first start by estimating the incentives required to supply various levels of a benefit externality. With the use of carbon sequestration through the adoption of no-till cultivation as an example of a multifunctional benefit externality, mathematical programming is used to derive representative price schedules. The implication for incentive prices are examined in light of risk aversion.

scholarly journals The Benefit-Cost Ratio as a Decision Criteria When Managing Catastrophes

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-363
Author(s):  
Kine Josefine Aurland-Bredesen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Optimal Policy ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Relative Risk Aversion ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract Previous work has shown that when projects are non-marginal, it creates an interdependence among projects. This implies that policies to manage catastrophes should not be evaluated in isolation but in conjunction with each other. As long as relative risk aversion is sufficiently high, the benefits of averting one catastrophe depend positively on the background risk created by other catastrophes. This specific bias makes it possible to create upper and lower boundaries on the willingness to pay to manage catastrophes and the optimal policy. These boundaries can be used to make inferences on which catastrophes should be averted and not, and in which order. The upper and lower boundaries depend only on the individual catastrophe’s benefit-cost ratio and the coefficient of risk aversion, which both are easy to identify using standard economic frameworks.

Predicting a ceiling for soil carbon sequestration on variable landscapes under no-till in eastern Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chan ◽  
B D Kay ◽  
E G Gregorich
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Saturation Ratio ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
No Till ◽  
Variable Landscapes ◽  
Variable Topography

Much of the crop production in eastern Canada occurs on landscapes where erosion/deposition has occurred. The potential to sequester C by reducing tillage will be greatest in those parts of landscapes where the organic carbon (OC) stocks are below a ceiling (OCc). However, the physical/biochemical basis for OCc is not understood and therefore it is difficult to predict where C sequestration will occur in landscapes with variable topography. In this research we tested two hypotheses proposed as the physical/biochemical basis for OCc: (1) OCc coincides with the steady state OC (OCss) stocks on non-eroded sites and (2) OCc coincides with a critical proportion of the capacity of the clay and silt fraction to absorb and retain OC (i.e., a critical saturation ratio). Comparison of data from sites with level and variable topography disproved the first hypothesis; OC stocks on level sites were, on average, 14 Mg ha-1 larger than OCc 15 yr after implementing no-till (NT) on variable landscapes. Further analyses of data from sites with variable topography indicated the saturation ratio in the surface 10 cm of soil must be less than 0.45 before NT results in C sequestration in the profile. Although the analyses are not incompatible with the second hypothesis, the critical saturation ratio is surprisingly small compared with values obtained from level sites. Additional tests of the second hypothesis are warranted on sites with variable topography in which C sequestration has been documented. Key words: Erosion, C capacity, saturation ratio, spatial variability, C sequestration

scholarly journals No-till permanent meadow promotes soil carbon sequestration and nitrogen use efficiency at the expense of productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Castelli ◽  
Enrico Ceotto ◽  
Lamberto Borrelli ◽  
Giovanni Cabassi ◽  
Anna Moschella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
No Till ◽  
Use Efficiency

The Price Elasticity of Mass Preferences

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Philip Green
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Central Hypothesis

I compare the price elasticity of economic and political preferences. My central hypothesis is that willingness to pay, whether expressed verbally or through cash transactions, is more price-elastic for economic consumption goods than for public goods. I find that increases in price greatly diminish the proportion of people willing to pay for consumer goods, such as housing or hardback books; whereas the proportion willing to pay more in taxes to support a public good, such as environmental protection or shelter for the homeless, is much less responsive to changes in price. I conclude by discussing the theoretical and political implications of willingness to pay for public and private goods.

scholarly journals Broadening the Perspective of Zero-Deforestation Interventions in Peru by Incorporating Concepts from the Global Value Chain Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12138
Author(s):  
Augusto Carlos Castro-Nunez ◽  
Ma. Eliza J. Villarino ◽  
Vincent Bax ◽  
Raphael Ganzenmüller ◽  
Wendy Francesconi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Spatial Associations ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
High Degree

Global narratives around the links between deforestation and agricultural commodity production have led to the application of voluntary zero-deforestation agreements between companies, governments, and civil society. The continued tropical deforestation warrants a re-examination of this approach in order to customize its application for a particular location. Our paper contributes to this by exploring the spatial associations between deforestation and the production of cacao, coffee, and oil palm in the Amazon region in Peru. The geographical overlaps between deforestation, and the distribution of these commodity crops, indicate four types of spatial associations: (1) a high degree of deforestation and a high degree of commodity production (high-high); (2) a high degree of deforestation and a low degree of commodity production (high-low); (3) a low degree of deforestation and a high degree of commodity production (low-high); and (4) a low degree of deforestation and a low degree of commodity production (low-low). On the basis of these associations, we present four scenarios in which zero-deforestation supply chain interventions may operate in Peru and argue that broadening the perspective of such interventions by adopting a global value chain lens can improve the use of previously deforested lands, prevent unintended or future deforestation and, in turn, ensure that no forest area is left behind.

scholarly journals Rynek mięsa w Polsce w dobie koronawirusa SARS-Cov-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20(35) (3) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Robert Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Meat Market

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the meat market in Poland. The meat market is an important part of the Polish economy. Production of slaughter animals (pork, beef and poultry) accounts for over 1/3 of agricultural commodity production, and the meat industry (red meat and poultry) is the largest branch of food processing. The COVID-19 pandemic, which also reached Poland, did not significantly shake this market. A sign of the introduced restrictions in social and economic life was a short-term massive purchase of food with an extended shelf life. Lockdown slightly changed the eating and shopping habits of Poles. In the first half of 2020, exports of beef and poultry decreased by 3-5%, and exports of pork decreased by 28% compared to the first half of 2019. The meat market continued to struggle with African Swine Fever (ASF) and, in addition, with bird flu. The HoReCa segment was the most affected part of the market.

Impacts of Deficit Irrigation on Carbon Sequestration and Soil Physical Properties under No-Till

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1301-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Blanco-Canqui ◽  
N. L. Klocke ◽  
A. J. Schlegel ◽  
L. R. Stone ◽  
C. W. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
No Till

Tourists’ willingness to pay for nature-based tourism experiences.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Kristin Vespestad ◽  
Thomas Gressnes
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Environmental Engagement ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Affect Management

This paper deals with the willingness to pay (WTP) for nature as a public good. The study addresses the relationships between motivation for nature-based experiences, environmental engagement, involvement with nature experiences, relationship with nature, preferred degree of adaptation of nature and consumers’ WTP. The aim was to identify factors that influence WTP for nature-based tourist experiences. The study relies on quantitative survey data from 1634 respondents in Norway. The data was analyzed by use of SPSS. WTP varies according to factors such as escape, recognition, active achievement, esthetics, social and environmental concern, preference for adaptation and type of natural surroundings. Tourists who place importance on, for example, peer recognition and escape, have a higher WTP for nature that is not overcrowded and with little or no adaptation for tourist purposes. The article discusses practical issues such as how WTP should affect management decisions about the pricing of nature tourism, along with the theoretical and practical implications of the results.

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