Life History and Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Planktonic Foraminifera

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 7-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Spero
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Isotope Geochemistry ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Beach Sands ◽  
Scientific Results

Application of planktonic foraminifera to micropaleontological, paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic research has enjoyed more than 150 years of activity. During the first century, foraminifera were used primarily for biostratigraphic analysis. Although fossil shells were recognized from beach sands and deep sea sediments as early as 1826 (d'Orbigny, 1826; Parker and Jones, 1865), it wasn't until Owen (1867) and the scientific results of the Challenger expedition (Brady, 1884) that the planktonic life habitat of these marine protozoans was clearly established. By the early 20th century, researchers were studying the biology of planktonic foraminifera at the cellular level (Rhumbler, 1901; Le Calvez, 1936), and linking their distributional patterns to regions of the ocean surface (Lohmann, 1920; Schott, 1935).

New data on the life history and ecology of the deep-sea hooked squid Taningia danae

Sarsia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guerra A. ◽  
Rocha F. ◽  
A. F. González
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea

scholarly journals Contributions to Management Strategies in the NE Atlantic Regarding the Life History and Population Structure of a Key Deep-Sea Fish (Mora moro)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Régis Santos ◽  
Wendell Medeiros-Leal ◽  
Osman Crespo ◽  
Ana Novoa-Pabon ◽  
Mário Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fishing Impacts ◽  
Sea Fish

With the commercial fishery expansion to deeper waters, some vulnerable deep-sea species have been increasingly captured. To reduce the fishing impacts on these species, exploitation and management must be based on detailed and precise information about their biology. The common mora Mora moro has become the main deep-sea species caught by longliners in the Northeast Atlantic at depths between 600 and 1200 m. In the Azores, landings have more than doubled from the early 2000s to recent years. Despite its growing importance, its life history and population structure are poorly understood, and the current stock status has not been assessed. To better determine its distribution, biology, and long-term changes in abundance and size composition, this study analyzed a fishery-dependent and survey time series from the Azores. M. moro was found on mud and rock bottoms at depths below 300 m. A larger–deeper trend was observed, and females were larger and more abundant than males. The reproductive season took place from August to February. Abundance indices and mean sizes in the catch were marked by changes in fishing fleet operational behavior. M. moro is considered vulnerable to overfishing because it exhibits a long life span, a large size, slow growth, and a low natural mortality.

scholarly journals Genome size variation in deep-sea amphipods

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 170862 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ritchie ◽  
A. J. Jamieson ◽  
S. B. Piertney
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Independent Contrast

Genome size varies considerably across taxa, and extensive research effort has gone into understanding whether variation can be explained by differences in key ecological and life-history traits among species. The extreme environmental conditions that characterize the deep sea have been hypothesized to promote large genome sizes in eukaryotes. Here we test this supposition by examining genome sizes among 13 species of deep-sea amphipods from the Mariana, Kermadec and New Hebrides trenches. Genome sizes were estimated using flow cytometry and found to vary nine-fold, ranging from 4.06 pg (4.04 Gb) in Paralicella caperesca to 34.79 pg (34.02 Gb) in Alicella gigantea . Phylogenetic independent contrast analysis identified a relationship between genome size and maximum body size, though this was largely driven by those species that display size gigantism. There was a distinct shift in the genome size trait diversification rate in the supergiant amphipod A. gigantea relative to the rest of the group. The variation in genome size observed is striking and argues against genome size being driven by a common evolutionary history, ecological niche and life-history strategy in deep-sea amphipods.

Assessing the Global Meltwater Spike

1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn A. Jones ◽  
William F. Ruddiman
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Mixing Intensity ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Isotopic Signal

AbstractL. V. Worthington (1968, Meteorological Monographs 8, 63–67) hypothesized that a low-salinity lid covered the entire world ocean. By deconvolving isotopic curves from the western equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic, W. H. Berger, R. F. Johnson, and J. S. Killingley (1977), Nature (London) 269, 661–663) and W. H. Berger (1978, Deep-Sea Research 25, 473–480) reconstructed “meltwater spikes” similar to those actually observed in the Gulf of Mexico and thus apparently confirmed the Worthington hypothesis. It is shown that this conclusion is unwarranted. The primary flaw in the reconstructed meltwater spikes is that the mixing intensity used in the deconvolution operation is overestimated. As a result, structure recorded in the mixed isotopic record becomes exaggerated in the attempt to restore the original unmixed record. This structure can be attributed to variable ice-volume decay during deglaciation, effects of differential solution on planktonic foraminifera, temporal changes in abundance of the foraminifera carrying the isotopic signal, and analytical error. An alternative geographic view to the global low-salinity lid is offered: a map showing portions of the ocean potentially affected by increased deglacial meltwater at middle and high latitudes and by increased precipitation-induced runoff at low and middle latitudes.

The influence of multi-stage predation on population growth and the distribution of the pond-breeding salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Rubbo ◽  
K Shea ◽  
J M Kiesecker
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Ambystoma Jeffersonianum ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Distributional Patterns

Understanding the drivers of distributional patterns is a fundamental goal of ecology. For many organisms, distributions are determined by the habitats in which breeding occurs. Therefore, determining the factors that limit post-ovipositional success in specific habitats is critical to deciphering the factors that shape distributions. Using field surveys and laboratory, mesocosm, and field experiments, we conducted a study of the breeding effort of the salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Green, 1827) in sites of varying predation pressure and the susceptibility of its embryos and larvae to predators. We then used these data to parameterize a matrix model examining the effects of predation on population growth. We found that A. jeffersonianum egg masses were less abundant in ponds with higher predation pressure. Moreover, A. jeffersonianum performance was negatively affected by both embryonic and larval predators. The results of the model suggest that only predation acting upon multiple life-history stages can limit population growth for A. jeffersonianum. These data provide support for the hypothesis that multi-stage predation can shape breeding distributions by imposing strong selective costs in specific environments. Furthermore, these data highlight the importance of conducting multi-stage studies and utilizing multiple ecological methodologies when addressing the factors that limit the distribution and abundance of organisms.

scholarly journals Quality Control and Pre-Analysis Treatment of the Environmental Datasets Collected by an Internet Operated Deep-Sea Crawler during Its Entire 7-Year Long Deployment (2009–2016)

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2991
Author(s):  
Damianos Chatzievangelou ◽  
Jacopo Aguzzi ◽  
Martin Scherwath ◽  
Laurenz Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Depth Processing ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Scientific Results

Deep-sea environmental datasets are ever-increasing in size and diversity, as technological advances lead monitoring studies towards long-term, high-frequency data acquisition protocols. This study presents examples of pre-analysis data treatment steps applied to the environmental time series collected by the Internet Operated Deep-sea Crawler “Wally” during a 7-year deployment (2009–2016) in the Barkley Canyon methane hydrates site, off Vancouver Island (BC, Canada). Pressure, temperature, electrical conductivity, flow, turbidity, and chlorophyll data were subjected to different standardizing, normalizing, and de-trending methods on a case-by-case basis, depending on the nature of the treated variable and the range and scale of the values provided by each of the different sensors. The final pressure, temperature, and electrical conductivity (transformed to practical salinity) datasets are ready for use. On the other hand, in the cases of flow, turbidity, and chlorophyll, further in-depth processing, in tandem with data describing the movement and position of the crawler, will be needed in order to filter out all possible effects of the latter. Our work evidences challenges and solutions in multiparametric data acquisition and quality control and ensures that a big step is taken so that the available environmental data meet high quality standards and facilitate the production of reliable scientific results.

scholarly journals RETRACTED ARTICLE: Novel life history strategy in a deep sea fish challenges assumptions about reproduction in extreme environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal A. Singer ◽  
Jon A. Moore ◽  
Edward L. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Homogeneous System ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Retracted Article ◽  
Sea Fish

Abstract The deep ocean is frequently assumed to be a homogeneous system lacking the same diverse life history strategies found in shallower waters. However, as our methods for exploring the deep ocean improve, common assumptions about dispersal, reproduction and behavior are constantly being challenged. Fishes exhibit the most diverse reproductive strategies among vertebrates. Understanding life history strategies in deep-sea environments is lacking for many species of fishes. Here, we report a novel reproductive strategy where a fish (Parazen pacificus) provides parental care via mouth brooding. This behavior is observed from a specimen collected with eggs present in the buccal cavity, along with other specimens exhibiting pre-brooding morphologies. This is the first description of this unique life history trait in a deep-sea fish and fills in a gap in the larval literature for this family of fishes and prompts further investigation into other novel reproductive modes of deep-sea fauna.

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