Treatment of Adult ADHD and Comorbid Depression

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S8) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Comorbid Adhd

As a general principle, separate treatments are often needed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid psychiatric disorders. There are few treatments for mood disorders that also treat ADHD, and vice versa. This discussion will review the literature on agents that are effective for both disorders, or that may potentially be combined. Physicians must bear in mind that none of these agents is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of comorbid ADHD and depression.

Unrecognized Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults Presenting with Other Psychiatric Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell A. Barkley ◽  
Thomas E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Comorbid Adhd

ABSTRACTMany adults with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder also have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In many cases, comorbid ADHD is unrecognized and/or undertreated. Differential diagnosis of adult ADHD can be challenging because ADHD symptoms may overlap with other psychiatric disorders and patients may lack insight into their ADHD-related symptoms. Current ADHD diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision may prevent appropriate diagnosis of many patients with significant ADHD symptoms. Adults may not be able to provide a history of onset of symptoms during childhood, and it may be difficult to confirm that ADHD symptoms are not better accounted for by other comorbid psychiatric conditions. Comorbid ADHD is most prevalent among patients with mood, anxiety, substance use, and impulse-control disorders. ADHD can negatively affect outcomes of other comorbid psychiatric disorders, and ADHD symptoms may compromise compliance with treatment regimens. Furthermore, unrecognized ADHD symptoms may be mistaken for poor treatment response in these comorbid disorders. In these individuals, ADHD pharmacotherapy seems to be as effective in reducing core ADHD symptoms, as it is in patients who have no comorbidity. Limited evidence further suggests that ADHD therapy may help to improve symptoms of certain psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression. Therefore, management of ADHD may help to stabilize daily functioning and facilitate a fuller recovery.

Screening for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adult Inpatients with Psychiatric Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha Kumar ◽  
Justin Faden ◽  
Robert A. Steer
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Comorbid Adhd ◽  
Symptom Criteria

The purpose was to assess the effectiveness of the adult ADHD Module from the MINI International Neuropsychiatrie Interview (MINI) and the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales: Screening Version DSM-IV ADHD Symptoms Total Scale (CAARS-S:SV) in screening for attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder in patients hospitalized for other psychiatric disorders. Assessment measures were administered to 55 (50%) female and 55 (50%) male adult (> 18 yr. old) inpatients. Only six (5%) of the 110 inpatients had been diagnosed with comorbid ADHD according to medical charts. In contrast, 55 (50%) patients met criteria for ADHD according to the MINI, and 39 (36%) patients met criteria on the CAARS-S:SV. The higher rates of prevalence for the MINI and the CAARS-S:SV were attributable to symptom criteria for ADHD being similar to those shared with comorbid disorders.

The Psychiactric Comorbidity Hypothesis Revisited

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Forness ◽  
Kenneth A. Kavale ◽  
Stephanie San Miguel Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychiatric Disabilities ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Comorbid Adhd

In our original article (San Miguel, Forness, & Kavale, 1996), we make the case that children with learning disabilities who have comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depression, may account for at least some of the differences in social skills observed between LD and non-LD samples. In a response, Wiener (this issue) takes issue with our assumptions about comorbid depression and provides some elaboration on our findings regarding comorbid ADHD. Although depression may not represent a large proportion of comorbidity in LD, the overlap of depression with other comorbid psychiatric disabilities and the possibility of comorbid conditions other than ADHD and depression may prove to be critical factors in the comorbidity hypothesis. Issues in school-identified LD samples and diagnostic criteria for psychiatric diagnoses are also discussed.

Risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other psychiatric disorders in siblings of ADHD probands

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Hidalgo-López ◽  
Alejandra María Gómez-Álzate ◽  
Jenny García-Valencia ◽  
Juan David Palacio-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Epidemiology, Impairments, and Differential Diagnosis in Adult ADHD: Introduction

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S12) ◽  
pp. 4-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenard A. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Childhood Disorder

In the mid-1970s, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was still believed to be a childhood disorder that disappeared with the onset of adolescence. At this time, Wender studied a cohort of adults presenting with ADHD-like symptoms, all of whom had been diagnosed with ADHD in childhood. Wender prescribed psycho-stimulants, which successfully produced a response in the adults, thus fostering research into adult ADHD.

Medical Mimics and Differential Diagnosis in Adult ADHD

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S15) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Rule Out

When performing a diagnostic evaluation for an adult patient with possible adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), clinicians must pay particular attention to possible mimics. ADHD mimics are conditions responsible for the symptoms or impairments that superficially resemble, and may be confused with ADHD. These mimics may produce symptoms and impairments similar to those seen in adults with ADHD, but differ in etiology, course, or response to treatment of ADHD. When evaluating someone for ADHD, clinicians should first rule out the possibility of medical, psychiatric, and social mimics of ADHD.

Parenting Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Dorothy Bhandari Deka
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Mutual Interaction ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Protective Environment

The prevalence of ADHD is estimated at 5–7% worldwide, which makes it one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can become difficult if the child is not monitored using correct strategies and techniques. Parents play an integral role in shaping a child. Parenting involves biological as well as the legal aspects and other equally if not more important dimensions of care, protection, nurturance, understanding, guidance, mutual interaction, and partnership occurring within the protective environment of a family. Parenting a differently abled child is very demanding and challenging and the role of family and parents in caring for a child is very crucial, especially development, socializing, and protecting the child.

Pharmacotherapy of ADHD in Adults

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S8) ◽  
pp. 11-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Wilens
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

There is a complex overlap between major depressive disorder (MDD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The different therapeutic options for adult ADHD mirror those used for children with ADHD. Both stimulant and nonstimulant medications are used to treat the disorder.

scholarly journals Shared alterations in resting-state brain connectivity in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Valentino Antonio Pironti ◽  
Deniz Vatansever ◽  
Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental condition that often persists into adulthood with extensive negative consequences on quality of life. Despite emerging evidence indicating the genetic basis of ADHD, investigations into the familial expression of latent neurocognitive traits remain limited. Methods In a group of adult ADHD probands (n = 20), their unaffected first-degree relatives (n = 20) and typically developing control participants (n = 20), we assessed endophenotypic alterations in the default mode network (DMN) connectivity during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in relation to cognitive performance and clinical symptoms. In an external validation step, we also examined the dimensional nature of this neurocognitive trait in a sample of unrelated healthy young adults (n = 100) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Results The results illustrated reduced anti-correlations between the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus and right middle frontal gyrus that was shared between adult ADHD probands and their first-degree relatives, but not with healthy controls. The observed connectivity alterations were linked to higher ADHD symptoms that was mediated by performance in a sustained attention task. Moreover, this brain-based neurocognitive trait dimensionally explained ADHD symptom variability in the HCP sample. Conclusions Alterations in the default mode connectivity may represent a dimensional endophenotype of ADHD, hence a significant aspect of the neuropathophysiology of this disorder. As such, brain network organisation can potentially be employed as an important neurocognitive trait to enhance statistical power of genetic studies in ADHD and as a surrogate efficacy endpoint in the development of novel pharmaceuticals.

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