Screening for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adult Inpatients with Psychiatric Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha Kumar ◽  
Justin Faden ◽  
Robert A. Steer
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Comorbid Adhd ◽  
Symptom Criteria

The purpose was to assess the effectiveness of the adult ADHD Module from the MINI International Neuropsychiatrie Interview (MINI) and the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales: Screening Version DSM-IV ADHD Symptoms Total Scale (CAARS-S:SV) in screening for attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder in patients hospitalized for other psychiatric disorders. Assessment measures were administered to 55 (50%) female and 55 (50%) male adult (> 18 yr. old) inpatients. Only six (5%) of the 110 inpatients had been diagnosed with comorbid ADHD according to medical charts. In contrast, 55 (50%) patients met criteria for ADHD according to the MINI, and 39 (36%) patients met criteria on the CAARS-S:SV. The higher rates of prevalence for the MINI and the CAARS-S:SV were attributable to symptom criteria for ADHD being similar to those shared with comorbid disorders.

Unrecognized Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults Presenting with Other Psychiatric Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell A. Barkley ◽  
Thomas E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Comorbid Adhd

ABSTRACTMany adults with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder also have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In many cases, comorbid ADHD is unrecognized and/or undertreated. Differential diagnosis of adult ADHD can be challenging because ADHD symptoms may overlap with other psychiatric disorders and patients may lack insight into their ADHD-related symptoms. Current ADHD diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision may prevent appropriate diagnosis of many patients with significant ADHD symptoms. Adults may not be able to provide a history of onset of symptoms during childhood, and it may be difficult to confirm that ADHD symptoms are not better accounted for by other comorbid psychiatric conditions. Comorbid ADHD is most prevalent among patients with mood, anxiety, substance use, and impulse-control disorders. ADHD can negatively affect outcomes of other comorbid psychiatric disorders, and ADHD symptoms may compromise compliance with treatment regimens. Furthermore, unrecognized ADHD symptoms may be mistaken for poor treatment response in these comorbid disorders. In these individuals, ADHD pharmacotherapy seems to be as effective in reducing core ADHD symptoms, as it is in patients who have no comorbidity. Limited evidence further suggests that ADHD therapy may help to improve symptoms of certain psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression. Therefore, management of ADHD may help to stabilize daily functioning and facilitate a fuller recovery.

Treatment of Adult ADHD and Comorbid Depression

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S8) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Comorbid Adhd

As a general principle, separate treatments are often needed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid psychiatric disorders. There are few treatments for mood disorders that also treat ADHD, and vice versa. This discussion will review the literature on agents that are effective for both disorders, or that may potentially be combined. Physicians must bear in mind that none of these agents is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of comorbid ADHD and depression.

Incidence of Internet addiction in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S396-S397
Author(s):  
B. Tuzun Mutluer ◽  
T.G. Yener Orum ◽  
S. Sertcelik
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

ObjectiveIn this study, it was aimed to determine the internet use properties of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) patients who were followed-up at Haydarpasa Numune Research and Training Hospital, Psychiatry Department; ADHD Outpatient Clinic.MethodThirty participants who were diagnosed with adult ADHD aged between 18–31 years rated their ADHD symptoms in childhood retrospectively, using Wender Utah Rating Scale. Patients rated current adult ADHD symptoms with the Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale (DSRS) and severity of symptoms measured by Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Internet addiction (IA) was assessed with Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). It was determined that, none of 30 Adult ADHD patients have been diagnosed with IA.29 of patient have moderate internet use although 1 of patients have risky internet use. The results revealed that total ASRS score (P = 0.020), total Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based DSRS score (P = 0.036) and the Attention Deficit related properties subscale total score (P = 0.042) were significantly correlated with the IAS total score. Subscale of the self-report scales including; failing to finish schoolworks, chores, or duties at workplace, difficulty of following through on instructions (P = 0.017), restiveness; impaired inhibitory performance (P = 0.017), feeling not confident (P = 0.017), difficulty of managing time (P = 0.047), failing to give close attention to details or making careless mistakes (P = 0.037) are closely relevant to IAS total score.ResultIn conclusion, clinical features, which are characteristic of Adult ADHD could have same shared etiology with IA. Furthermore, ADHD patients are more likely to have an IA diagnosis. However, it was thought that this result had to be supported with studies including larger samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Medication use in Australian children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Mellahn ◽  
Rachael Knott ◽  
Jeggan Tiego ◽  
Kathryn Kallady ◽  
Katrina Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Current Medication ◽  
Comorbid Adhd ◽  
Symptom Rating

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are commonly treated with psychotropic medications. There is however a paucity of research examining the prevalence of pharmacotherapy and polypharmacy (>2 medications) in these groups. Caregivers of 505 children (2-18 years) with ADHD (n=239), ASD (n=117) or ADHD-ASD (n=149) reported on current medication use and completed symptom rating scales. ADHD was associated with the highest rate of psychotropic medication use (90%), followed by ADHD-ASD (86%) and ASD (39%). Children with ADHD-ASD reported the highest rate of polypharmacy (41%). Although ADHD was associated with the highest overall medication use, comorbid ADHD-ASD was associated with higher odds of experiencing polypharmacy. This research should help to inform treatment strategies for children with comorbid ADHD-ASD.

Hyperkinetic disorder: assessment and treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Cameron ◽  
Peter Hill
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Hyperkinetic Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Hyperkinetic disorder is the generic ICD-10 (WHO, 1992) term used to describe one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. It is a severe form of a syndrome which is referred to in DSM–IV (APA, 1994) and the American literature as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Hyperactivity or hyperkinesis can be defined as “an enduring disposition to behave in a restless, inattentive, distractible and disorganised fashion” (Taylor, 1994). It is thus more than motor overactivity. Diagnostically there are three main groups of symptomatology: overactivity, inattentiveness and impulsiveness.

scholarly journals ECI-4 screening of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and co-morbidity in Mexican preschool children: preliminary results

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Poblano ◽  
Erika Romero
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv

OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively usefulness of Early Childhood Inventory-4 (ECI-4) in identifying attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). METHOD: A sample of children <6 years of age were evaluated in school settings with ECI-4 and results compared with those of Conners Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R) 6 months later. Sample consisted of 34 healthy children (20 boys, 14 girls) prospectively followed-up. RESULTS: Frequency of children fulfill DSM-IV AD-HD criteria in ECI-4 parent scale was 17%, and in teacher scale was 32%. Frequency of children fulfill DSM-IV AD-HD criteria in parent CRS-R was 20%, and for teacher questionnaire was 23%. Correlations were significant among teacher ECI-4 and both teacher and parent CRS-R scales. Sensitivity and specificity of teacher and parent ECI-4 scales were not good. Frequency of ODD identified in parent ECI-4 scale was 5%, and for teacher 17%. Frequency of ODD in CRS-R for parents and teachers questionnaires was 17%. CD was not identified by parents in ECI-4 scale, but in teacher scale frequency was 14%. CONCLUSION: These facts support partially the use of ECI-4 screening of ADHD in Spanish-speaking preschool children.

Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Simon ◽  
Pál Czobor ◽  
Sára Bálint ◽  
Ágnes Mészáros ◽  
István Bitter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

BackgroundIn spite of the growing literature about adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), relatively little is known about the prevalence and correlates of this disorder.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of adult ADHD and to identify its demographic correlates using meta-regression analysis.MethodWe used the MEDLINE, PsycLit and EMBASE databases as well as hand-searching to find relevant publications.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 2.5% (95% CI 2.1–3.1). Gender and mean age, interacting with each other, were significantly related to prevalence of ADHD. Metaregression analysis indicated that the proportion of participants with ADHD decreased with age when men and women were equally represented in the sample.ConclusionsPrevalence of ADHD in adults declines with age in the general population. We think, however, that the unclear validity of DSM–IV diagnostic criteria for this condition can lead to reduced prevalence rates by underestimation of the prevalence of adult ADHD.

scholarly journals Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fayyad ◽  
Ron De Graaf ◽  
Ronald Kessler ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
Matthias Angermeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Estimate Prevalence ◽  
Lower Income Countries ◽  
Cross National

BackgroundLittle is known about the epidemiology of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).AimsTo estimate the prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative.MethodAn ADHD screen was administered to respondents aged 18–44 years in ten countries in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East (n=11422). Masked clinical reappraisal interviews were administered to 154 US respondents to calibrate the screen. Multiple imputation was used to estimate prevalence and correlates based on the assumption of cross-national calibration comparability.ResultsEstimates of ADHD prevalence averaged 3.4% (range 1.2–7.3%), with lower prevalence in lower-income countries (1.9%) compared with higher-income countries (4.2%). Adult ADHD often co-occurs with other DSM-IV disorders and is associated with considerable role disability. Few cases are treated for ADHD, but in many cases treatment is given for comorbid disorders.ConclusionsAdult ADHD should be considered more seriously in future epidemiological and clinical studies than is currently the case.

Malingered Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales: Do Reasons for Malingering Matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Cook ◽  
Melissa T. Buelow ◽  
Esther Lee ◽  
Ashley Howell ◽  
Brittni Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adhd Rating Scales

Malingering is a significant assessment concern in adults undergoing evaluations for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may occur for a number of reasons, including access to medication and/or accommodations. Therefore, it is important to investigate ways to determine accuracy of self-reported ADHD symptoms. The present study used a simulation design to examine the impact of reasons for malingering on the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) Symptom subscales and the CAARS infrequency index (CII). Participants ( N = 157) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: best effort, malingering for stimulant medication, or malingering for extra time accommodations. The three groups were compared with 34 individuals reporting previous diagnosis of ADHD. Results showed that individuals in both malingering groups scored higher than controls on all CAARS subscales and CII. Individuals in the medication malingering group, but not the extra time malingering group, scored higher than the ADHD group on CII and several CAARS subscales whose content overtly reflects ADHD symptomatology. Findings emphasize the influence of malingering on self-reported ADHD symptoms and the need to assess for malingering in ADHD evaluation. Results also suggest that reason for malingering might differentially affect self-report of ADHD symptoms.

The prevalence and workplace costs of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a large manufacturing firm

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
M. Lane ◽  
P. E. Stang ◽  
D. L. Van Brunt
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Relative Odds ◽  
Workplace Accidents ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundLittle is known about the effects of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on work performance or accidents-injuries.MethodA survey was administered in 2005 and 2006 to employees of a large manufacturing firm to assess the prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD. Respondents (4140 in 2005, 4423 in 2006, including 2656 in both surveys) represented 35–38% of the workforce. ADHD was assessed with the World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), a validated screening scale for DSM-IV adult ADHD. Sickness absence, work performance and workplace accidents-injuries were assessed with the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ).ResultsThe estimated current prevalence (standard error) of DSM-IV ADHD was 1.9% (0.4). ADHD was associated with a 4–5% reduction in work performance (χ12=9.1, p=0.001), a 2.1 relative-odds of sickness absence (χ12=6.2, p=0.013), and a 2.0 relative-odds of workplace accidents-injuries (χ12=5.1, p=0.024). The human capital value (standard error) of the lost work performance associated with ADHD totaled US$4336 (676) per worker with ADHD in the year before interview. No data were available to monetize other workplace costs of accidents-injuries (e.g. destruction of equipment). Only a small minority of workers with ADHD were in treatment.ConclusionsAdult ADHD is a significantly impairing condition among workers. Given the low rate of treatment and high human capital costs, in conjunction with evidence from controlled trials that treatment can reduce ADHD-related impairments, ADHD would seem to be a good candidate for workplace trials that evaluate treatment cost-effectiveness from the employer's perspective.

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