Schizophrenia–schizoaffective–bipolar spectra: an epistemological perspective

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
João Gama Marques ◽  
Sílvia Ouakinin
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Epistemological Perspective ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractFor decades clinicians and researchers have been thinking and writing about the spectrum of schizophrenia disorders. Indeed both Kraepelin and Bleuler believed in schizophrenia as a spectrum, both in a clinical (individual) and hereditary (family) continuum, from just some exquisite personality traits to unquestionable chronic and debilitating psychosis. Other authors would put the schizophrenia spectrum disorders on different levels of continuum: developmental, psychofunctional, existential, and genetic. Here, we would like to present an historical chronology for the schizophrenia–schizoaffective–bipolar spectra plus a tridimensional model for these spectra: the first axis for categories (affective versus nonaffective psychoses), the second axis for dimensions (personality versus full blown psychosis), and a third axis for biomarkers (remission versus relapse). We believe that without the schizophrenia–schizoaffective–bipolar spectra concept in our minds all our efforts will keep failing one the hardest quest: searching for biomarkers in schizophrenia and related disorders.

scholarly journals The impact of schizotypy on pragmatics

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. e020014
Author(s):  
Monica de Freitas Frias Chaves ◽  
Cilene Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact

High levels of linguistic referential failures are associated with liability to develop schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, and it has been shown that these failures can differentiate healthy subjects, high-schizotypal and schizophrenics groups. Nevertheless, few investigations have focused on whether or not schizotypal traits in nonclinical populations can also impact linguistic reference. In Brazilian Portuguese, only one previous study (acceptability judgements task) had been conducted, and its results suggest association between schizotypal traits and a more rigid preference for assignment of specific readings to definite singular DPs. Here, we present another experimental study in Brazilian Portuguese,  a comprehension task designed to examine possible effects of schizotypal personality traits on the interpretation of definite singular DPs. The findings, in line with the previous results, support the conclusion that schizotypy does affect the interpretation of definite singular DPs in Brazilian Portuguese. Together, these two experiments suggest that schizotypal personality traits impact the integration of linguistic contextual information into the semantic meaning of definite DPs. This is  consistent with the general hypothesis that schizotypy, similarly to schizophrenia, is associated with pragmatic difficulties. Yet, our results emphasize that the impact of schizotypal traits on pragmatics can be observed even in healthy (nonclinical) speakers.

scholarly journals Understanding the Influence of Personality Traits on Risk of Suicidal Behaviour in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4604
Author(s):  
Manuel Canal-Rivero ◽  
Rosa Ayesa-Arriola ◽  
Esther Setién-Suero ◽  
Benedicto Crespo-Facorro ◽  
Celso Arango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Risk of suicidal behaviour (SB) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is a major concern, particularly in early stages of the illness, when suicide accounts for a high number of premature deaths. Although some risk factors for SB in SSD are well understood, the extent to which personality traits may affect this risk remains unclear, which may have implications for prevention. We conducted a systematic review of previous studies indexed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase examining the relationship between personality traits and SB in samples of patients with SSD. Seven studies fulfilled predetermined selection criteria. Harm avoidance, passive-dependent, schizoid and schizotypal personality traits increased the risk of SB, while self-directedness, cooperativeness, excluding persistence and self-transcendence acted as protective factors. Although only seven studies were retrieved from three major databases after applying predetermined selection criteria, we found some evidence to support that personality issues may contribute to SB in patients with SSD. Personality traits may therefore become part of routine suicide risk assessment and interventions targeting these personality-related factors may contribute to prevention of SB in SSD.

Selfhood and Its Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 464-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Parnas ◽  
Mads Gram Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Narrative Self ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Different Levels

This article explores some of the major views of selfhood in modern philosophical and psychopathological literature, including the distinction between minimal-experiential and narrative-personal self, and it presents a simplified classification of how different levels of selfhood can be disturbed in different mental disorders. It proposes that schizophrenia spectrum disorders primarily involve a trait-like disturbance of the minimal-experiential self, which also may affect the coherence and stability of the narrative-personal self. Melancholia may involve some state-like disturbances of the minimal-experiential self, but with largely intact ipseity, and these disturbances appear here to be secondary to disorders of mood, temporality, and embodiment. Personality disorders outside the schizophrenia spectrum involve disturbances of the personal-narrative self and here the minimal-experiential self is never at stake. Finally, it offers some critical reflections on the epidemic-like rise of diagnoses such as dissociative disorders and depersonalization.

Screening Adolescents for Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Cornblatt ◽  
M. Obuchowski ◽  
S. Roberts ◽  
S. Pollack ◽  
L. Erienmeyer-Kimling
Keyword(s):  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders
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