Teacher Reports of Peer Aggression in Preschool: its Relationship to DSM-IV Externalizing Symptoms

Objective: to establish the prevalence and associations of peer aggression as manifested in preschool children, in community-based populations and to study links with DSM-IV externalizing diagnoses. Method: Subjects were 1,104 children, 3-to-5-year-olds attending rural and urban pre-schools classes. Teachers completed the Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) to inform about direct physical and verbal aggression, object aggression and symbolic aggression and the questionnaire on psychopathology ECI-4. Results: 6.6% (n = 73) had at least one positive item on the PCS. This percentage dropped to 2.6% (n = 29) if we take into account a minimum of three positive items. Physical direct aggression was the more prevalent type of aggressive behavior, followed by verbal aggression, object aggression and symbolic aggression. Significant differences by gender and age were found. Peer aggression was associated with male gender from three years of age. Physical, object and verbal aggressive behavior was linked with externalizing disorders. This association was very strong with oppositional disorder. Conclusions: The present research with a Spanish population confirms the existence of peer aggression in preschoolers and the gender differences. Our chief contribution is about the age of emergence of sex differences and gender differences in different types of peer aggression.

Download Full-text

Youth Sexual Exploitation on the Internet: DSM-IV Diagnoses and Gender Differences in Co-occurring Mental Health Issues

Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal ◽

10.1007/s10560-007-0083-z ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 235-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Melissa Wells ◽

Kimberly J. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Sexual Exploitation ◽

The Internet ◽

Health Issues ◽

Mental Health Issues ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

And Gender

Download Full-text

Gender characteristics of teenage aggression on social networks

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021017017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 17017

Author(s):

Angelica Luchinkina ◽

Vladimir Senchenko

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Social Networks ◽

Gender Role ◽

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Virtual Space ◽

Aggressive Interaction ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Biological Sex ◽

Study Results ◽

And Gender

The article discusses the problems of gender differences in the teenage aggressive behavior on social networks. The article provides a theoretical overview of approaches to the study of the problem of gender differences in aggressive behavior of adolescents, including in the Internet space: psychophysiological, psychosocial, and socio-psychological. The study results showed that the process of aggressive interaction between adolescents on social networks was implemented according to the strategies of psychological defense chosen by adolescents, the level of hostility and self-presentation of an individual through asocial behavior. The authors note that the transition to the virtual space gives adolescents the opportunity to experiment with their own gender, and the number of adolescents with a distinction of biological sex and gender role increases. The study revealed differences in the aggressive behavior between all groups of respondents, depending on their choice of gender role. All results are confirmed using the methods of mathematical statistics.

Download Full-text

Urban/rural and gender differences among Canadian emerging adults

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025409339152 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 339-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Charissa S.L. Cheah ◽

Krista M. Trinder ◽

Tara N. Gokavi

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Transition To Adulthood ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Role Transition ◽

Norm Compliance ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Urban Rural ◽

And Gender ◽

Risk Taking Behaviors

Although cultural and subcultural differences during the transition to adulthood have been examined, important factors like rural/urban upbringing and gender differences among Canadian emerging adults have been neglected. The present study explored developmentally significant tasks including criteria for adulthood, beliefs about religiosity, and risk-taking behaviors among 287 male and female Canadian emerging adults from rural and urban backgrounds. Results revealed that compared to their urban counterparts, rural emerging adults were more likely to place importance on role and biological transitions as criteria for achieving adulthood, and engaged in more risk-taking behaviors (excluding smoking). Female emerging adults were more likely to believe in the importance of role transition, norm compliance, and family capacities compared to males, and were more likely to smoke. In contrast, males were more likely than females to espouse the importance of biological transitions and engage in non-smoking risk behaviors. These findings were interpreted in light of sociocultural and gender socialization differences among emerging adults from rural and urban upbringings.

Download Full-text

Racial/ethnic and gender differences in the incidence and onset age of DSM-IV alcohol use disorder symptoms among adolescents.

Journal of Studies on Alcohol ◽

10.15288/jsa.2002.63.609 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 609-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Eric F Wagner ◽

Donald A Lloyd ◽

Andrés G Gil

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Onset Age ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

And Gender ◽

Racial Ethnic

Download Full-text

Gender differences in aggressiveness in children and adolescents at risk for schizophrenia

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462008000200005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 110-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elisa Kijner Gutt ◽

Sandra Petresco ◽

Renata Krelling ◽

Geraldo F Busatto ◽

Isabel A S Bordin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Severe Mental Disorders ◽

Axis I ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

The City

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether differences in aggression-related behavioral problems occur between boys and girls at high risk for schizophrenia living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: Using the Child Behavior Checklist, we compared the prevalence of behavioral problems between genders for the offspring (6-18 years) of mothers with diagnosis of schizophrenia and a comparison group of children born to women with no severe mental disorders recruited at the gynecology outpatient clinic of the same hospital. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Patient Edition was applied for the evaluation of diagnostic status of mothers. RESULTS: Male children of women with schizophrenia had a lower prevalence of aggressive behavior compared to females (4% vs. 36%; p = 0.005), whereas no gender differences regarding aggression were detected in the comparison group (24% vs. 32%; p = 0.53). Logistic regression analyses showed that male gender and being a child of women with schizophrenia interacted so as to favor lower prevalence of aggressive behavior (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: These findings reinforce the notion that behavioral gender differences related to schizophrenia are already detectable in childhood.

Download Full-text

Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.16.3.147 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 147-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Martin Grann

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Juvenile Delinquency ◽

Violent Offenders ◽

Matched Pairs ◽

Psychopathy Checklist ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

Download Full-text

Personal Problem Solving of Partners in Divorce Proceedings

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000053 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 82-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tereza Soukupova ◽

Petr Goldmann

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Thematic Apperception Test ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Personal Control ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Personal Problem ◽

Thematic Apperception ◽

And Gender ◽

The Given

Abstract. The Thematic Apperception Test is one of the most frequently administered apperceptive techniques. Formal scoring systems are helpful in evaluating story responses. TAT stories, made by 20 males and 20 females in the situation of legal divorce proceedings, were coded for detection and comparison of their personal problem solving ability. The evaluating instrument utilized was the Personal Problem Solving System-Revised (PPSS-R) as developed by G. F. Ronan. The results indicate that in relation to card 1, men more often than women saw the cause of the problem as removable. With card 6GF, women were more motivated to resolve the given problem than were men, women had a higher personal control and their stories contained more optimism compared to men’s stories. In relation to card 6BM women, more often than men, used emotions generated from the problem to orient themselves within the problem. With card 13MF, the men’s level of stress was less compared to that of the women, and men were more able to plan within the context of problem-solving. Significant differences in the examined groups were found in those cards which depicted significant gender and parental potentials. The TAT can be used to help identify personality characteristics and gender differences.

Download Full-text