Facial affect recognition deficits in bipolar disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLEN E. GETZ ◽  
PAULA K. SHEAR ◽  
STEPHEN M. STRAKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Benton Facial Recognition Test ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BPD), by definition, have problems with emotional regulation. However, it remains uncertain whether these patients are also deficient at processing other people's emotions, particularly while manic. The present study examined the ability of 25 manic bipolar patients and 25 healthy participants on tasks of facial recognition and facial affect recognition at three different presentation durations: 500 ms, 750 ms, and 1000 ms. The groups did not differ in terms of age, education, sex, ethnicity, or estimated IQ. The groups did not differ significantly on either a novel computerized facial recognition task or the Benton Facial Recognition Test. In contrast, the bipolar group performed significantly more poorly than did the comparison group on a novel facial affect labeling task. Although the patient group had slower reaction times on all 3 computerized tasks, the presentation duration did not have an effect on performance in the patients. This study suggests that patients with bipolar disorder are able to recognize faces, but have difficulty processing facial affective cues. (JINS, 2003, 9, 623–632.)

Pilot investigation of the changes in cortical activation during facial affect recognition with lamotrigine monotherapy in bipolar disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigar Jogia ◽  
Morgan Haldane ◽  
Annabel Cobb ◽  
Veena Kumari ◽  
Sophia Frangou
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
Lamotrigine Monotherapy

BackgroundBipolar disorder is associated with dysfunction in prefrontal and limbic areas implicated in emotional processing.AimsTo explore whether lamotrigine monotherapy may exert its action by improving the function of the neural network involved in emotional processing.MethodWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine changes in brain activation during a sad facial affect recognition task in 12 stable patients with bipolar disorder when medication-free compared with healthy controls and after 12 weeks of lamotrigine monotherapy.ResultsAt baseline, compared with controls, patients with bipolar disorder showed overactivity in temporal regions and underactivity in the dorsal medial and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and the dorsal cingulate gyrus. Following lamotrigine monotherapy, patients demonstrated reduced temporal and increased prefrontal activation.ConclusionsThis preliminary evidence suggests that lamotrigine may enhance the function of the neural circuitry involved in affect recognition.

scholarly journals Investigating the relationship between Psychopathy, Fear Conditioning, and Facial Affect Recognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Allanah R. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Psychopathic offenders are often considered to be untreatable, especially dangerous, and at very high risk of reoffending. Psychopathy has generated considerable research interest. Despite this interest, our understanding of psychopathy is relatively poor, with ongoing debate regarding how best to define psychopathy, and a lack of clarity regarding how psychopathy develops. Etiological theories of psychopathy posit deficits in recognising and responding to others’ emotions, and an attenuated experience of fear as crucial mechanisms in the development of psychopathy. The aims of this thesis are to investigate the pattern of psychopathic traits present within an inmate sample, and to investigate the relationship between these psychopathic traits and performance on two tasks related to etiological theories of psychopathy: facial affect recognition and fear conditioning. Part One of this thesis addresses the first aim, investigating the presentation of psychopathy in the current sample. The relationship between psychopathic traits in the present sample was largely consistent with previous research. A Principal Components Analysis identified two factors of psychopathic traits: a Bold/ Fearlessness factor which measures an absence of fear and anxiety and the presence of self-assurance, and a Mean/ Disinhibited factor which measures the presence of externalising and disinhibited behaviour, alongside aggression and the use of other people for one’s own gain. These findings are discussed in relation to common conceptualisations and operationalisations of psychopathy.   Part Two of this thesis uses the measurement of psychopathy from Part One to investigate performance on a facial affect recognition task and a fear conditioning task. The Violence Inhibition Mechanism theory suggests that psychopaths should show impairments on facial affect recognition tasks, particularly in the recognition of fearful and sad facial expressions. However, in the current research psychopathy was unrelated to affect recognition, across all emotional expressions. When criminal offenders were compared to a student sample, the offenders showed poorer affect recognition than the students. These results suggest that there may be an effect of antisociality on affect recognition, but no effect of psychopathy. Low fear theories of psychopathy suggest that psychopaths should be impaired at learning conditioned fear associations. However, the present study found no evidence of psychopathy-related deficits in fear conditioning. Rather, higher psychopathy was related to better fear conditioning, with higher scores on the Mean/ Disinhibited factor predicting better discrimination between the conditioned and neutral stimuli.   Taken together, these findings suggest that psychopathy was not related to deficits in either affect recognition or fear conditioning. These findings are inconsistent with etiological theories of psychopathy, and question common assumptions about the deficits which characterise psychopathy.</p>

Facial Affect Recognition in Schizophrenia is there a Differential Deficit?

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Novic ◽  
Daniel J. Luchins ◽  
Richard Perline
Keyword(s):  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Significant Deficit ◽  
Differential Deficit ◽  
Human Faces

SummarySeveral studies have suggested that schizophrenics have a deficit in their ability to recognize the affect expressed in photos of human faces. In this study, the performance of 17 chronic schizophrenics was compared to that of 17 controls on both a test of facial affect recognition and a control task involving facial recognition. Compared with controls, chronic schizophrenics tended to perform more poorly on the test of facial affect recognition, but this difference was eliminated when facial recognition was entered as a covariate. When all test items, including those with poor reliability and discriminatory power, were included in the analysis the schizophrenics showed a significant deficit in facial affect recognition which persisted even when facial recognition was used as a covariate.

Facial affect recognition in symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursen Yalcin-Siedentopf ◽  
Christine M. Hoertnagl ◽  
Falko Biedermann ◽  
Susanne Baumgartner ◽  
Eberhard A. Deisenhammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition

Increased visual-ventral prefrontal cortical coupling during facial affect recognition

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 920-920
Author(s):  
D. Dima ◽  
K.E. Stephan ◽  
J.P. Roiser ◽  
S. Frangou
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition

IntroductionEmotional regulation is a crucial aspect of adaptive behaviour and social interaction, and is often disrupted in a range of psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesIn the past decade, neuroimaging studies have identified key components of the neural networks that underpin emotional processing during facial affect recognition. Although these networks are extremely interconnected, current evidence points to the ventral prefrontal cortex (VPFC) as having a pivotal role in emotional regulation.AimsWe were particularly interested in specifying the functional interrelationships of VPFC with component network regions and in exploring potential modulation by the valence of the facial affect.MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained from 40 healthy individuals during a facial affect recognition task involving fearful, sad and angry facial expressions. Within the networks engaged by the task, we used Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) to measure effective connectivity followed by Bayesian Model Selection to identify the model best model fitting our data and Bayesian Model Averaging to analyze the endogenous connections and the modulatory influence of affect.ResultsProcessing of all three facial expressions engaged the visual cortex, fusiform gyrus, amygdala and VPFC. DCM analysis showed that the connection between the visual cortex and the VPFC plays a more important role in the recognition of facial emotions than other regions.ConclusionsWe provide evidence for the central role of a valence independent increase in visual cortical and VPFC coupling during the processing of facial affect.

scholarly journals How Interpersonal Distance Between Avatar and Human Influences Facial Affect Recognition in Immersive Virtual Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan del Aguila ◽  
Luz M. González-Gualda ◽  
María Angeles Játiva ◽  
Patricia Fernández-Sotos ◽  
Antonio Fernández-Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Interpersonal Distance

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal interpersonal distance (IPD) between humans and affective avatars in facial affect recognition in immersive virtual reality (IVR). The ideal IPD is the one in which the humans show the highest number of hits and the shortest reaction times in recognizing the emotions displayed by avatars. The results should help design future therapies to remedy facial affect recognition deficits.Methods: A group of 39 healthy volunteers participated in an experiment in which participants were shown 65 dynamic faces in IVR and had to identify six basic emotions plus neutral expression presented by the avatars. We decided to limit the experiment to five different distances: D1 (35 cm), D2 (55 cm), D3 (75 cm), D4 (95 cm), and D5 (115 cm), all belonging to the intimate and personal interpersonal spaces. Of the total of 65 faces, 13 faces were presented for each of the included distances. The views were shown at different angles: 50% in frontal view, 25% from the right profile, and 25% from the left profile. The order of appearance of the faces presented to each participant was randomized.Results: The overall success rate in facial emotion identification was 90.33%, being D3 the IPD with the best overall emotional recognition hits, although statistically significant differences could not be found between the IPDs. Consistent with results obtained in previous studies, identification rates for negative emotions were higher with increasing IPD, whereas the recognition task improved for positive emotions when IPD was closer. In addition, the study revealed irregular behavior in the facial detection of the emotion surprise.Conclusions: IVR allows us to reliably assess facial emotion recognition using dynamic avatars as all the IPDs tested showed to be effective. However, no statistically significant differences in facial emotion recognition were found among the different IPDs.

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