scholarly journals Apathy and Depression: Separate Factors in Parkinson's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1058-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Kirsch-Darrow ◽  
Michael Marsiske ◽  
Michael S. Okun ◽  
Russell Bauer ◽  
Dawn Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Dysphoric Mood ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that apathy and depression are dissociable in Parkinson disease (PD) by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of items from two commonly used mood scales. A total of 161 non-demented PD patients (age = 64.1; ± 8.4 years) were administered the Apathy Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Items were hypothesized to load onto four factors: (1) an apathy factor representing loss of motivation, (2) dysphoric mood factor representing sadness and negativity, (3) loss of interest/pleasure factor representing the features common to both apathy and depression, and (4) a somatic factor representing bodily complaints. Results indicated a good fit for the overall CFA model, χ2 (128, N = 146) = 194.9; p<.01. RMSEA was .060 (p = .16). The four-factor model was significantly better than all alternative nested models at p < .001, including an overarching single factor model, representing “depression.” Results support the concept that apathy and depression are discrete constructs. We suggest a “factor based” scoring of the Apathy Scale and Beck Depression Inventory-II that disentangles symptoms related to apathy, depression, overlapping symptoms, and somatic complaints. Such scoring may be important in providing useful information regarding differential treatment options. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1058–1066)

Exploring the Multidimensional Facets of Authoritarianism: Authoritarian Aggression and Social Dominance Orientation

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Passini
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

The relation between authoritarianism and social dominance orientation was analyzed, with authoritarianism measured using a three-dimensional scale. The implicit multidimensional structure (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression) of Altemeyer’s (1981, 1988) conceptualization of authoritarianism is inconsistent with its one-dimensional methodological operationalization. The dimensionality of authoritarianism was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 713 university students. As hypothesized, the three-factor model fit the data significantly better than the one-factor model. Regression analyses revealed that only authoritarian aggression was related to social dominance orientation. That is, only intolerance of deviance was related to high social dominance, whereas submissiveness was not.

An investigation into the factor structure of the Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R) in a CBT training sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sarah Beale ◽  
Silia Vitoratou ◽  
Sheena Liness
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background: Effective monitoring of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) competence depends on psychometrically robust assessment methods. While the UK Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R; Blackburn et al., 2001) has become a widely used competence measure in CBT training, practice and research, its underlying factor structure has never been investigated. Aims: This study aimed to present the first investigation into the factor structure of the CTS-R based on a large sample of postgraduate CBT trainee recordings. Method: Trainees (n = 382) provided 746 mid-treatment audio recordings for depression (n = 373) and anxiety (n = 373) cases scored on the CTS-R by expert markers. Tapes were split into two equal samples counterbalanced by diagnosis and with one tape per trainee. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The suggested factor structure and a widely used theoretical two-factor model were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance was assessed by diagnostic group (depression versus anxiety). Results: Exploratory factor analysis suggested a single-factor solution (98.68% explained variance), which was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. All 12 CTS-R items were found to contribute to this single factor. The univariate model demonstrated full metric invariance and partial scalar invariance by diagnosis, with one item (item 10 – Conceptual Integration) demonstrating scalar non-invariance. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the CTS-R is a robust homogenous measure and do not support division into the widely used theoretical generic versus CBT-specific competency subscales. Investigation into the CTS-R factor structure in other populations is warranted.

scholarly journals Importance and Perception of the Character Strengths Scale: psychometric evidence in professors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeschka Martins Guerra ◽  
Leogildo Alves Freires ◽  
Clarisse Lourenço Cintra ◽  
Marcella Bastos Cacciari ◽  
Naiara Ferreira Vieira Castello
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
College Professors ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Psychometric Evidence

This study aimed at presenting the development and psychometric evidence of the Importance and Perception of Character Strengths Scale (IPCSS)-Professor Version. Two quantitative studies were conducted. In Study 1 the respondents were 214 college professors (mean age = 39.21; SD = 9.77; 55.6 % females), who answered the IPCSS-Professor and sociodemographic questions. Exploratory analysis suggested a one-factor structure for both subscales. Respondents in Study 2 were 262 college professors (mean age = 41.80; SD = 9.81; 50.8 % male). Confirmatory factor analysis suggested the adequacy of the six-factor structure theoretically proposed for both subscales after comparison with the alternative single-factor model. The IPCSS-Professor presented satisfactory reliability indexes and it is applicable for teachers of different sectors in order to understand their character strengths.

scholarly journals Confabulations in Alcoholic Korsakoff’s Syndrome: A Factor Analysis of the Nijmegen–Venray Confabulation List

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319111989947
Author(s):  
Yvonne C.M. Rensen ◽  
Erik Oudman ◽  
Joukje M. Oosterman ◽  
Roy P. C. Kessels
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Korsakoff’S Syndrome ◽  
Observation Scale ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Korsakoff's Syndrome ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Do So

Confabulations generally refer to the emergence of memories of experiences and events that, in reality, never took place, and which are unintentionally produced. They are frequently observed in alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome. The aim of the current study was to validate the Nijmegen–Venray Confabulation List (NVCL), an observation scale for quantifying both spontaneous and provoked confabulations. The NVCL was completed for 252 patients with alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test three- and four-factor models of the NVCL structure. A four-factor model (provoked confabulations, spontaneous confabulations, severity of spontaneous confabulations, and distorted sense of reality) fitted the data better than the initially proposed three-factor model (provoked confabulations, spontaneous confabulations, memory, and orientation). The new instrument is therefore referred to as the NVCL-R. We encourage clinicians to include the assessment of confabulations in the neuropsychological examination, and to do so with validated instruments such as the NVCL-R.

scholarly journals Validity of a Single-Factor Model Underlying the Metabolic Syndrome in Children: A confirmatory factor analysis

Diabetes Care ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Martinez-Vizcaino ◽  
M. S. Martinez ◽  
F. S. Aguilar ◽  
S. S. Martinez ◽  
R. F. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Single Factor Model

scholarly journals Validation of the Chinese Version of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS): Teacher Perspectives

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chi-Kin Lee ◽  
Xiaoxue Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Teacher Perspectives ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Public Practice ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Better Than

This study applied the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) to the context of Hong Kong as a part of China with the focus on a specific target group of teachers in primary and secondary schools. For the validation of the scale in the Hong Kong context, the version of CRSi-20 was tested with data collected from local teachers (N = 671). For the validation of the scale, six versions were tested (CRSi-20, CRS-15, CRSi-14, CRS-10, CRSi-7, and CRS-5). Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated that the single-factor solution of five items (CRS-5) had better fit indices than the seven-item version (CRSi-7), which, in turn, was better than CRS-15 with a five-factor solution (Intellect, Ideology, Private Practice, Public Practice, and Religious Experience). The other three versions encountered a problem with high correlations between factors. Multiple-indicators multiple-causes (MIMIC) analysis was used to test the effect of covariates on the established factor structure for CRS-5, CRSi-7, and CRS-15. The results indicated that gender and religious belief are significant predictors of the centrality of religiosity scores for CRS-5, CRSi-7, and CRS-15. In addition, age was a positive predictor for public practice, and teachers’ education level was positively related to private practice for CRS-15. Implications regarding understanding for the existing literature are discussed.

scholarly journals A Brief Report on the Factor Structure of the Cognitive Measures in the HRS/AHEAD Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nayena Blankson ◽  
John J. McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Health Dynamics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Cognitive Data

Using cognitive data from the Health and Retirement Study and Asset Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old studies that were collected between 1992 and 2004, McArdle and colleagues (2007) found that a two-factor model (episodic memory and mental status) fit better than a one-factor model. The question that was addressed in the present study was whether these results would replicate in newer cohorts of data, collected between 2006 and 2010. We also tested age, education, and gender as predictors of the identified factors. Results confirm that a two-factor structure fits better than the single-factor model in the newer cohorts. Differential predictors were also observed.

scholarly journals The Hateful Eight (H8): An Efficient Multifaceted Approach to the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Webster ◽  
Val Wongsomboon
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Better Than

Using the 28 items of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4; Paulhus et al., 2020), we developed an alternative 16-item version with eight facets called the Hateful Eight (H8). Over 450 undergraduate participants completed the SD4 and two sexual behavior items. We split the sample into exploratory and confirmatory halves. Exploratory factor analyses showed that each SD4 trait—Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism—had a two-factor model that fit significantly better than a one-factor model. Taking the two highest-loading items from each factor for each trait yielded eight facets, which we labeled deviousness and scheming (Machiavellianism); leadership and exceptionalism (narcissism); defiance and recklessness (psychopathy); and violent voyeurism and verbal abuse (sadism). Confirmatory factor analysis using both split-half and whole samples supported both an eight-factor/facet solution and hierarchical models in which the eight facets loaded onto the four Dark Tetrad traits, which in turn loaded onto a global Dark Tetrad factor. Participant sex interacted with the H8 composite score in predicting number of sex partners; men showed stronger H8–sex-partners slopes than women. Showing the utility of the H8’s hierarchical, multifaceted structure, this H8-by-sex interaction effect was driven by its narcissism trait, which was in turn driven by its exceptionalism facet.

scholarly journals Developing the Counselor Attitude Scale for Spirituality in Counseling: A Validity and Reliability Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236
Author(s):  
Figen Kasapoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Fit Indexes ◽  
The One ◽  
T Values

The purpose of this research is to develop the Counselor Attitude Scale for Spirituality in Counseling. The study group consists of 386 (253 female, 133 male) counselors. The methods of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are used to determine the construct validity of the scale. A single-factor structure consisting of seven items has been obtained as a result of the exploratory factor analysis. The compatibility the one-dimensional model has with the data is tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The single-factor model has been determined to have good fit indexes as a result of the analysis (RMSEA = .04, RMR = .03, GFI = .98, AGFI = .95, CFI = .99, IFI = .99, NFI = .98). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient has been calculated as .89 for the reliability analysis of the scale and the test-retest coefficient as .88; the 27% lower-upper group t values are found to be significant (p<.001). The findings show the developed scale to be psychometrically valid and reliable, and useful for assessing counselors’ attitudes towards spirituality in counseling interactions.

A confirmatory factor analysis of scores on the teacher efficacy scale

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Brouwers ◽  
Welko Tomic ◽  
Sjef Stijnen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Teacher Efficacy ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Current State ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Validity Studies ◽  
Teacher Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Better Than

Validity studies on the Teacher Efficacy Scale provide us with neither clear evidence nor clear solutions to the factorial structure or the theoretical concepts underlying the scale’s items. This study tests different factor structures of the Teacher Efficacy Scale as found in the literature using confirmatory factor analysis on data from a sample of 540 practicing teachers. Four factorial models were formulated based on theoretical analysis and on the results of several validity studies of the Teacher Efficacy Scale. In accordance with Bandura’s (1997) self-efficacy theory, the results revealed that the fit of the four-factor oblique model was significantly better than that of the other factorial models. However, the fit of the four-factor model did not reach the recommended criterion of adequately fitting models. After eliminating three poorly loaded items, the model’s fit improved significantly but insufficiently to reach the fit criterion. It was concluded that the Teacher Efficacy Scale in its current state does not provide precise and valid information about teacher efficacy beliefs. Recommendations to improve the factorial validity of the Teacher Efficacy Scale are made.

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