Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Response Selection Predicts Processing Speed Impairment in Schizophrenia

AbstractProcessing speed is the most impaired neuropsychological domain in schizophrenia and a robust predictor of functional outcome. Determining the specific cognitive operations underlying processing speed dysfunction and identifying their neural correlates may assist in developing pro-cognitive interventions. Response selection, the process of mapping stimuli onto motor responses, correlates with neuropsychological tests of processing speed and may contribute to processing speed impairment in schizophrenia. This study investigated the relationship between behavioral and neural measures of response selection, and a neuropsychological index of processing speed in schizophrenia. Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning during performance of two- and four-choice reaction time (RT) tasks and completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS) Processing Speed Index (PSI). Response selection, defined as RT slowing between two- and four-choice RT, was impaired in schizophrenia and correlated with psychometric processing speed. Greater activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) was observed in schizophrenia and correlated with poorer WAIS PSI scores. Deficient response selection and abnormal recruitment of the dorsolateral PFC during response selection contribute to processing speed impairment in schizophrenia. Interventions that improve response selection and normalize dorsolateral PFC function may improve processing speed in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)

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COGNITIVE STYLE “RIGIDITY-FLEXIBILITY OF COGNITIVE CONTROL” AND THE LEVEL INTELLIGENCE INDICATORS

THE BULLETIN ◽

10.32014/2021.2518-1467.41 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 389 (1) ◽

pp. 306-315

Author(s):

M.V. Mun ◽

S.K. Berdibayeva ◽

F.A. Sakhiyeva ◽

S.S. Dossanova ◽

M.P. Kabakova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Cognitive Style ◽

Dynamic Properties ◽

Logical Form ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Aim of the study. The first goal of the study is to determine the relationship of the cognitive style "rigidity-flexibility of cognitive control" with the level indicators of intelligence. The second goal of this study is to identify possible relationships between "rigidity-flexibility of cognitive control" and the properties of temperament. Materials and Methods. In this work the authors used the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), the Stroop color–word-interference task, the Questionnaire of the formal-dynamic properties of individuality (QFDPI, designed by Rusalov V.M.), and 15 heuristic tasks, 5 tasks each in figurative, logical and figurative-logical form (designed by Kulyutkin Y.N., KrutetskiyV.A., Smallian R.). Results. The general success of solving heuristic tasks is determined by a complex of factors, which includes indicators of the flexibility of thinking, intelligence and “intellectual” temperamental properties. The flexibility of thinking is correlated with the level characteristics of intelligence in such a way that high levels of verbal, non-verbal and general intelligence correspond to the flexibility of cognitive control, low values of indicators of intelligence correspond to the pole of rigidity of this cognitive style; intellectually developed subjects are more flexible. Conclusions. The cognitive style of “rigidity-flexibility of cognitive control” can be considered as a meta-ability. This cognitive style correlates with indicators of temperament and intelligence, and to a certain extent determines the success of solving heuristic tasks.

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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) processing speed scores as measures of noncredible responding: The third generation of embedded performance validity indicators.

Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1037/pas0000319 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 148-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Laszlo A. Erdodi ◽

Christopher A. Abeare ◽

Jonathan D. Lichtenstein ◽

Bradley T. Tyson ◽

Brittany Kucharski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Processing Speed ◽

Third Generation ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

The Third ◽

Validity Indicators ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence

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Examining false-positive rates of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) processing speed-based embedded validity indicators among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1037/pas0000650 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 120-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

David M. Glassmire ◽

Mary Elizabeth Wood ◽

Minhdan T. Ta ◽

Dominique I. Kinney ◽

Stephen R. Nitch

Keyword(s):

Processing Speed ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Validity Indicators ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽

Embedded Validity Indicators

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Relation of a Measure of Vocabulary Skill to the Wais

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1972.30.2.415 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 415-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wesley F. Ross

Keyword(s):

Full Scale ◽

The Self ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Adult Intelligence ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽

Screening Device ◽

The Relationship

The present study examined the relationship between a short, self-administered test of vocabulary skill and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The results showed that the self-administered vocabulary scale was significantly related to WAIS Full Scale and Verbal IQs and that it showed satisfactory reliability for addict patients. The scale appears useful as a brief intellectual screening device.

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A Revalidation of the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness as a Brief Measure of Intelligence through Comparison with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–III

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.581 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 581-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Steven A. Kvaal ◽

Edward Wygonik ◽

Angelika Spanos ◽

Sarah Landsberger

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Adult Intelligence ◽

Point Estimates ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽

The Relationship ◽

Predictive Relationship

In earlier research, Rossini, Wygonik, Barrett, and Friedman (1994) demonstrated that the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness (TMA) is a valid, brief measure of intelligence by comparing it to the Wechsler Scale of Adult Intelligence–Revised, which was at that time the “gold standard” of IQ assessment. Since that study, the WAIS has again been revised and reissued in a third edition, the WAIS–III. We assessed the relationship between scores on the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness and this latest WAIS test to see if there is still a predictive relationship between the two tests. Correlations between the two tests and the accuracy of TMA point estimates of IQ indicate that the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness remains a viable brief measure of adult intelligence.

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Geschlechtseffekte bei Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000144 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 5-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anja C. Lepach ◽

Wiebke Reimers ◽

Franz Pauls ◽

Franz Petermann ◽

Monika Daseking

Keyword(s):

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Adult Intelligence ◽

Wechsler Memory Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Diese Studie untersucht die Zusammenhänge von Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen in der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV und der Wechsler Memory Scale-IV unter Berücksichtigung des Geschlechts (N = 137 Gesunde, 63 w/74 m). Ein Vorteil der weiblichen Testpersonen im verbalen episodischen Gedächtnis sowie in einzelnen Aufgaben zur Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit konnte beobachtet werden. Die männlichen Testpersonen schnitten in den Untertests Allgemeines Wissen und Visuelle Puzzles besser ab. Wie gut Gedächtnisleistungen Intelligenzleistungen erklären beziehungsweise vorhersagen, ist aufgrund unserer Ergebnisse nicht nur abhängig von den Aufgaben, sondern auch vom Geschlecht.

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Analyse von Querschnittsdaten zur Intelligenzentwicklung im Erwachsenenalter: eine Studie zur deutschsprachigen Version der WAIS-IV

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000098 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 149-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Monika Daseking ◽

Franz Petermann

Keyword(s):

Fourth Edition ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Adult Intelligence ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽

Deutschsprachige Version

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Datensatz (N = 1664), aus dem auch die Normstichprobe für die deutschsprachige Version der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) gezogen wurde, nach altersabhängigen Veränderungen kognitiver Fähigkeiten analysiert. Die niedrigsten Rohwertmittelwerte werden in der ältesten Altersgruppe erreicht, die Leistungsspitzen finden sich überwiegend im Altersbereich zwischen 20 und 29 Jahren. In den Untertests der Indizes Wahrnehmungsgebundenes Logisches Denken und Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit kommt es zu einer bedeutsamen Leistungsabnahme mit zunehmendem Alter: In der ältesten Altersgruppe werden nur noch zwischen 50 und 60 % der Rohwertmittelwerte der leistungsstärksten Altersgruppe erreicht. Gleichzeitig nimmt die Heterogenität in der Rohwertverteilung zu. Für die Indizes Sprachverständnis und Arbeitsgedächtnis fallen beide Effekte deutlich niedriger aus.

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