The Uighur Word Materials in a Manuscript of Huá-yí-yì-yǔ (華夷譯語) in the Library of Seoul National University (V) — 天文門 tianwenmen ‘the category of astronomy’ —

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-318
Author(s):  
YONG-SŎNG LI
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Category ◽  
National University ◽  
Seoul National University ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

AbstractThe Huá-yí-yì-yǔ is a general name for the various wordbooks between the Chinese language and its neighbouring languages compiled from the beginning of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). It has broadly 4 different classes. In the wordbooks of the third class the words of each foreign language were transliterated only in Chinese characters and the letters of the language in question were not used. To this third class belongs the manuscript in the collection of the library of Seoul National University. Its seventh volume is for the Uighur language. It contains 19 categories. In this paper the first category of astronomy with 85 entries is treated.There are many scribal errors in these materials. Apart from the shortcomings of the Chinese characters, this may be the main reason why the Uighur word materials in the wordbooks of this class are not highly regarded.

Kim, Tschang-yeul (1929--)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Yisoon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Third ◽  
National University ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
Seoul National University

Kim Tschang-yeul was born in Korea during the Japanese colonial era. After studying painting at the College of Fine Arts at Seoul National University (1948–1950), he moved to America and studied printing at the New York Art Student League (1966–1968). His painting style can be divided into three periods. The first occurred while he was living in Korea from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, where he painted in the informel style that was popular with young artists of that time, which is epitomized in his work Rite (1965). The second, short-lived period was while he studied printing at the New York Art Student League. Here, Kim abandoned informel and instead developed works influenced by the abstract paintings displayed in the 1966 Primary Structures exhibition, working with Plexiglas or abstract paintings that contained minimalistic elements. The third period was from the 1970s onwards, when he arrived in Paris, where he developed his trademark, realistic water drop paintings, which were painted on the surfaces of newspapers or canvases in works such as Memory (1975) and Water Drops (1979). From the mid-1980s, he has depicted his water drops alongside calligraphy strokes or Chinese characters.

Commands from Heaven: Matteo Ricci's Christianity in the Eyes of Míng Confucian Officials

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Yan Joyce Chan
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholar ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matteo Ricci ◽  
Sociopolitical Context ◽  
Christian Message ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

Much scholarship on Father Matteo Ricci has been focused on the Jesuit missiological approach of accommodation. This essay investigates how the Chinese scholar officials in the Ming Dynasty perceived Ricci's presentation of the Christianity. The first section of the article deals with the sociopolitical context of Ricci's work. The second section discusses Ricci's presentation of the Christian message. Finally, the third section—through the writings of two key Chinese converts, Xú Guangqi and Yáng Tíngyún—looks at why Christianity won over Buddhism and Daoism (Taoism) as the religion of choice for the Confucian scholars.

scholarly journals Comparison of motivation of the Russian and Chinese terms (based on the material of linguistic terminology)

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Yalun' Tsi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Russian Linguistic

One of the paramount peculiarities of the Chinese terms is their sinicization. Sinicization of the term is often viewed a translation and adaptation of foreign language terms to the specifics of Chinese language. This implies that the new word is being rooted in the Chinese “soil” and subsequently recognized as Chinese native. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of Chinese and Russian linguistic terminology. The goal is to compare the motivation of Chinese and Russian linguistic terminology and determine the influencing factors. The research material was collected from the Dacihai Dictionary and the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary, and consists of more than 6,000 terminological units. The article employs the methods of description, comparison, and continuous sampling. The scientific novelty lies in determination of the factors that influence the motivation of Chinese linguistic terminology, as well as in its comparison with Russian linguistic terminology. The conclusion is made that Chinese terms have stronger motivation than Russian terms. On the one hand, Chinese characters are the ideograms that convey the thought in a motivational form, and offer more opportunities for increasing semantic transparency. On the other hand, the syllabic characteristics of Chinese language limit the possibility of transliteration of foreign words. With the exception of proper names, the Chinese terminology features a very few transliterated or partially transliterated terms.

scholarly journals Frequency of co-occurrence of chinese characters as an indicator of lexicality (when selecting the vocabulary of chinese military discourse)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
D. S. Korshunov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Military Discourse ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Chinese Military

Teaching a foreign language in a non-linguistic college or university should be professionally oriented, which brings up the question of selecting the relevant vocabulary of a professional discourse under study. Modern text corpora are too general in subject matter and the time span. Therefore, a specially compiled collection of texts can serve the purpose of selecting the vocabulary. In the case of the Chinese language, the task is complicated by the lack of word segmentation in such texts. Taking into account the fact that most words in Chinese are written in two characters, it is assumed that one of the methods applicable in this situation is a comprehensive frequency analysis of text sequences of two characters – character bigrams. The analysis of frequent bigrams has showed that 70% of the most frequent lexical units are representative of the discourse, including 11% of out-of-vocabulary ones. The remaining part of bigrams pertain to syntactic constructions, including structurally incomplete ones, and fragments of longer lexical units. Thus, the high frequency of character co-occurrence can with a rather high probability (p > 0.7) be considered as an indicator of lexicality in identifying representative vocabulary in an unsegmented the matic collection of texts in Chinese.

Polysemy as a Way to Create Nonlinear Text in the Chinese Language Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Maria Rubets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Written Text ◽  
The Third ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Reading Texts

The article is devoted to the problem of polysemy in the Chinese language as one of the ways to expand the meanings of the written text. Polysemy as an integral part of any language is also widespread in Chinese. Characters become ambiguous under the influence of cultural, social, historical factors, due to metaphorical and metonymic transfer, etc. The situation with ambiguity in the Chinese language is further aggravated by the fact that the meaning of a syllable (written by a certain character) can be expanded not only due to the acquisition of new vocabulary meanings, but also new grammatical forms, since almost any syllable in the Chinese language can become both a noun, a verb, an adjective, a particle, etc. Chinese philologists were engaged in the interpretation of various meanings of hieroglyphs as far back as the pre-Qing era, this work does not stop to this day. The second part of the article provides an example of the polysemy of the character 道dào in modern dictionaries as a result of the expansion of the original meanings indicated in the etymological dictionaries of Sho Wen Jie Zi and Zi Yuan. The third part of the article provides concrete examples of the use of polysemic words by native speakers of the Chinese language in order to create nonlinear multidimensional texts. Examples of such texts are selected from ancient poems as well as from the couplets of duilian, such folklore phenomena as riddles, anecdotes, as well as examples of the creativity of modern Internet users (memes). Thus, the article shows that this technique is historically rooted in the written culture of China, which means that when reading texts in Chinese, it is necessary to consider not only historical, cultural, etc. realities and connotations, but also all derivative senses of words used in the text to identify additional senses in the text.

scholarly journals 50 Years of Bong-Han Theory and 10 Years of Primo Vascular System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Sup Soh ◽  
Kyung A. Kang ◽  
Yeon Hee Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Study Results ◽  
National University ◽  
Acupuncture Meridian ◽  
Seoul National University ◽  
Cancer Tissues

The primo vascular system (PVS) was first introduced by Bong-Han Kim via his five research reports. Among these the third report was most extensive and conclusive in terms of the PVS anatomy and physiology relating to the acupuncture meridians. His study results, unfortunately, were not reproduced by other scientists because he did not describe the materials and methods in detail. In 2002, a research team in Seoul National University reinitiated the PVS research, confirmed the existence of PVS in various organs, and discovered new characteristics of PVS. Two important examples are as follows: PVS was found in the adipose tissue and around cancer tissues. In parallel to these new findings, new methods for observing and identifying PVS were developed. Studies on the cell and material content inside the PVS, including the immune function cells and stem cells, are being progressed. In this review, Bong-Han Kim’s study results in his third report are summarized, and the new results after him are briefly reviewed. In the last section, the obstacles in finding the PVS in the skin as an anatomical structure of acupuncture meridian are discussed.

scholarly journals A Brief Analysis of the Acrostic in Chinese Language in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Lydia Anggreani ◽  
Agustian Agustian
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Teaching Chinese ◽  
Crucial Part

Acrostic is a special phenomenon of the modern Chinese language. It is a combination of lexical and syntactical that across “vocabulary” and “grammar” categories. The morphemes can be combined and can also be separated by various form changes depending on its development. Acrostic is always been a crucial part in teaching Chinese language to foreigners and less developed than other parts of the teaching. This study used quantitative method to analyze the problems associated with the acrostic in teaching Chinese to foreigners. Source of the data was learners’ exercise and assignment. The discussion in this article was viewed from the perspective of the outside-oriented teaching, grouped into 3 main sections. The first was in terms of the usability characteristics to the acrostic developments in the acrostic grammar study. The second, based on the results of the questionnaire regarding the use of acrostic, research analyzed students’ main mistakes and their causes. The third was to observe the condition of teaching acrostic. This research is expected to help teachers and learners of Mandarin understand and overcome the difficulties in learning acrostic.

Lady of Cypress Chastity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

As the Ming dynasty continued and gave way to the Qing, more migrants from the empire’s eastern and central regions made their way to Yunnan. Baijie Furen, the third form of Baijie, emerged as a result of this increasing contact between Han outsiders and Dali locals. This chapter argues that Baijie Furen, portrayed in legend as an eighth-century widow martyr, supplanted the earlier forms of Baijie because of her multifaceted identity: for Dali elites, she signified the region’s long history of Confucian virtues, which marked it as civilized; for Ming and Qing elites, her exceptional example proved that imperial civilizing projects could succeed. In both cases Baijie Furen served as a proxy for the Bai people because male elites correlated a population’s civilization with women’s sexual propriety.

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