Animal-intrinsic variation in the partitioning of body protein and lipid in growing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Knap ◽  
H. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Lipid Mass ◽  
Cutaneous Tissue ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Total Body

AbstractBody composition in the pig, and its variation, is mostly referred to in terms of body protein and lipid content of the whole body. This study was made to check for animal-intrinsic variation in the partitioning of body protein into protein pools and of body lipid into lipid depots. Results from serial slaughter trials on 316 Danish Landrace and 76 Danish Yorkshire pigs were used to estimate additive genetic and litter-associated variance components for several traits. These traits were total body protein and lipid mass (TOTPROT and TOTLIPD), the proportions of total body protein that are present in the muscles (PROTMUS) or in the (sub-)cutaneous tissue plus bones (connective tissue protein, PROTCON), and the proportions of total body lipid that are present in the (sub-)cutaneous tissue (LIPDSUB), in the muscles (inter- and intramuscular fat, LIPDMUS), or in the bones (LIPDBON). TOTPROT and TOTLIPD were adjusted by regression for body weight; PROTMUS and PROTCON were adjusted for PROTCON, and LIPDSUB, LIPDMUS and LIPDBON were adjusted for TOTLIPD. The pooled estimates (± s.e.) of the degree of genetic determination (the sum of the additive genetic and litter-associated variance components, which approximates the repeatability) of these traits were 0·48 ± 0·19 for TOTPROT, 0·56 ± 0·20 for TOTLIPD, 0·56 ± 0·12 for PROTMUS, 0·57 ± 0·15 for PROTCON, 0·32 ± 0·10 for LIPDMUS, 0·33 ± 0·12 for LIPDSUB, and 0·22 ± 0·10 for LIPDBON. It is concluded that there is animal-intrinsic variation in partitioning of body protein and lipid.

Estimation of whole body lipid mass in finishing pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kloareg ◽  
J. Noblet ◽  
J. Van Milgen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Large White ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Lipid Mass

AbstractMost nutritional pig growth models are based on the deposition of whole body protein (P) and lipid (L) mass. Chemical analysis of the whole animal is the best method to determine body composition. However, this method is expensive, time consuming and the carcass is lost. Alternatively, P and L may be estimated using simple indicators that should be precise and easily accessible. Although empty body weight (EBW) is a good indicator for P (through the strong relation between water and P), L is more difficult to estimate. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between simple carcass measurements and L. Measurements included backfat thicknessin vivoand at slaughter in the hot and cold carcass and the weight of carcass, organs and primal cuts. To maximize variations in adiposity a total of 30 females and barrows from two genotypes (Piétrain×(Landrace×Large White) and Large White) were slaughtered at body weights typically used in Europe (i.e. 90 to 150 kg) and ground for chemical analysis. Backfat mass (in combination with EBW) was the best indicator for L (L (kg)=0·0590×EBW (kg)+2·99×backfat mass (kg),R2=0·96). Different backfat thickness measurements were highly correlated and appeared reasonable indicators for total backfat mass. Backfat thickness measured in the hot carcass between 3rd and 4th last lumbar vertebra at 8 cm from the mid line was the second best indicator for L (L=(0·0855+0·0073×backfat thickness)×EBW,R2=0·94). On average, 18% of total body lipids were located in the backfat. Although these equations can be used to obtain a reasonable estimate of whole body lipid mass, a significant genotype effect remained. Differences between genotypes in the partitioning of lipids between different tissues suggest that the quantification of an external lipid depot alone is insufficient to precisely estimate whole-body lipid mass across genotypes.

scholarly journals The allometric partition of whole body protein in lean fraction of growing pigs using information from three different datasets

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 357-359
Author(s):  
S. Schiavon ◽  
C. Ceolin ◽  
F. Tagliapietra ◽  
L. Bailoni ◽  
A. Piva
Keyword(s):  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein

The Effects of Human Milk and Low-Protein Formulae on the Rates of Total Body Protein Turnover and Urinary 3-Methyl-Histidine Excretion of Preterm Infants

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Pencharz ◽  
L. Farri ◽  
A. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Accretion Rates ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Total Body

1. The effects of human milk and two low-protein formulae on the protein metabolism of 30 preterm appropriate for gestational age infants, birth weight 1.5-2.0 kg, were studied. The compositions of the two formulae were identical except for the protein source, with either casein or whey predominant. 2. The three diet groups all received similar nitrogen (390 mg of N day−1 kg−1) and energy intakes (500 kJ day−1 kg−1). 3. Growth rates for length and weight were comparable and approximated to intrauterine growth. Nitrogen absorption and net nitrogen utilization were enhanced in the human-milk-fed group. However, there were no differences in nitrogen retention, which averaged 274 mg day−1 kg−1 and approximated to intrauterine accretion rates. 4. Rates of whole-body nitrogen flux, protein synthesis and breakdown in the human-milk group were increased by 43–54% over the values seen in either of the two formula-fed groups (P < 0.01). No differences were seen between the two formula groups. 5. No differences were seen in urine 3-methylhistidine excretion between the three study groups. 6. Our results suggest significant differences in the whole-body protein metabolism of formula-fed infants compared with human-milk-fed infants.

scholarly journals Effects of the amount and quality of dietary protein on nitrogen metabolism and protein turnover of pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Fuller ◽  
P. J. Reeds ◽  
A. Cadenhead ◽  
B. Seve ◽  
T. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
N Retention

1. The interrelations between protein accretion and whole-body protein turnover were studied by varying the quantity and quality of protein given to growing pigs.2. Diets with 150 or 290g lysine-deficient protein/kg were given in hourly meals, with or without lysine supplementation, to female pigs (mean weight 47 kg).3. After the animals were adapted to the diets, a constant infusion of [14C]urea was given intra-arterially for 30 h, during the last 6 h of which an infusion of [4,5-3H] leucine was also infused at a constant rate. At the same time, yeast-protein labelled with15N was given in the diet for 50 h.4. The rate of urea synthesis was estimated from the specific radioactivity (SR) of plasma urea. The rate of leucine flux was estimated from the SR of plasma leucine. The irrevocable breakdown of leucine was estimated from the3H-labelling of body water. Total N flux was estimated from the16N-labelling of urinary urea.5. Addition of lysine to the low-protein diet significantly increased N retention, with a substantial reduction in leucine breakdown, but there was no significant change in the flux of leucine or of total N.6. Increasing the quantity of the unsupplemented protein also increased N retention significantly, with concomitant increases in leucine breakdown and in the fluxes of leucine and of total N.7. It is concluded that a doubling of protein accretion brought about by the improvement of dietary protein quality is not necessarily associated with an increased rate of whole-body protein turnover.

Influence of dietary lysine level on whole-body protein turnover, plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentration in growing pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Bo Ren ◽  
Guang-Yong Zhao ◽  
Yuan-Xiao Li ◽  
Qing-Xiang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Igf I

Protein Catabolism and Requirements in Severe Illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (23) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genton ◽  
Pichard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Total Body

Reduced total body protein mass is a marker of protein-energy malnutrition and has been associated with numerous complications. Severe illness is characterized by a loss of total body protein mass, mainly from the skeletal muscle. Studies on protein turnover describe an increased protein breakdown and, to a lesser extent, an increased whole-body protein synthesis, as well as an increased flux of amino acids from the periphery to the liver. Appropriate nutrition could limit protein catabolism. Nutritional support limits but does not stop the loss of total body protein mass occurring in acute severe illness. Its impact on protein kinetics is so far controversial, probably due to the various methodologies and characteristics of nutritional support used in the studies. Maintaining calorie balance alone the days after an insult does not clearly lead to an improved clinical outcome. In contrast, protein intakes between 1.2 and 1.5 g/kg body weight/day with neutral energy balance minimize total body protein mass loss. Glutamine and possibly leucine may improve clinical outcome, but it is unclear whether these benefits occur through an impact on total body protein mass and its turnover, or through other mechanisms. Present recommendations suggest providing 20 - 25 kcal/kg/day over the first 72 - 96 hours and increasing energy intake to target thereafter. Simultaneously, protein intake should be between 1.2 and 1.5 g/kg/day. Enteral immunonutrition enriched with arginine, nucleotides, and omega-3 fatty acids is indicated in patients with trauma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and mild sepsis. Glutamine (0.2 - 0.4 g/kg/day of L-glutamine) should be added to enteral nutrition in burn and trauma patients (ESPEN guidelines 2006) and to parenteral nutrition, in the form of dipeptides, in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in general (ESPEN guidelines 2009).

Somatotropin increases protein balance by lowering body protein degradation in fed, growing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. E477-E483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda C. Vann ◽  
Hanh V. Nguyen ◽  
Peter J. Reeds ◽  
Douglas G. Burrin ◽  
Marta L. Fiorotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Leucine Oxidation ◽  
Urea Production

Somatotropin (ST) administration enhances protein deposition in well-nourished, growing animals. To determine whether the anabolic effect is due to an increase in protein synthesis or a decrease in proteolysis, pair-fed, weight-matched (∼20 kg) growing swine were treated with porcine ST (150 μg ⋅ kg− 1 ⋅ day− 1, n = 6) or diluent ( n = 6) for 7 days. Whole body leucine appearance (Ra), nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD), urea production, and leucine oxidation, as well as tissue protein synthesis (Ks), were determined in the fed steady state using primed continuous infusions of [13C]leucine, [13C]bicarbonate, and [15N2]urea. ST treatment increased the efficiency with which the diet was used for growth. ST treatment also increased plasma insulin-like growth factor I (+100%) and insulin (+125%) concentrations and decreased plasma urea nitrogen concentrations (−53%). ST-treated pigs had lower leucine Ra (−33%), leucine oxidation (−63%), and urea production (−70%). However, ST treatment altered neither NOLD nor Ks in the longissimus dorsi, semitendinosus, or gastrocnemius muscles, liver, or jejunum. The results suggest that in the fed state, ST treatment of growing swine increases protein deposition primarily through a suppression of protein degradation and amino acid catabolism rather than a stimulation of protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary 20-hydroxyecdysone supplementation on whole-body protein turnover in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Olga Obvintseva ◽  
Kenes Erimbetov ◽  
Vitaly Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Experimental Group

One of the approaches to creating biologically active additives for use in pig breeding can be the use of 20-hydroxyecdysone regulating protein metabolism in piglets. The purpose of the work is to assess the effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on turnover of protein in piglets. The experiment was carried out on barrows (♂ Danish Yorkshire × ♀ Danish landrace) to achieve a live weight of 53-62 kg. At the age of 60 days, 2 groups of piglets were formed: control and experimental. Piglets of the experimental group were injected with 20-hydroxyecdysone at a dose of 1.6 mg / kg body weight. In piglets of the experimental group, in comparison with the control, a decrease in the excretion of nitrogen in the urine was noted (by 26.8%, P <0.05). Nitrogen deposition was higher in piglets of the experimental group by 19.0% (P <0.001) compared with the control. 20-hydroxyecdysone contributed to increased protein deposition in the body of piglets due to protein synthesizing activity. Thus, the use of 20-hydroxyecdysone in pigs increases the efficiency of using amino acids for the synthesis and deposition of proteins in the body.

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