scholarly journals GROWTH AND KEEPING UP WITH THE JONESES

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (S2) ◽  
pp. 176-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Wendner
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Time ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Optimal Tax ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Wealth

This paper investigates the impact of the desire to keep up with the Joneses (KUJ) on economic growth and optimal tax policy in a continuous-time, overlapping-generations model with AK technology and exogenous, gradual retirement. Due to the desire to KUJ, the propensity to consume out of total wealth rises (declines), and the balanced growth rate declines (increases), when the households' individual total (physical and human) wealth is increasing (decreasing) with age. The rate of retirement determines whether or not a household's total wealth is increasing with age. If total wealth is increasing (decreasing) with age, an optimal allocation is decentralized by an intergenerationally progressive (regressive) lump-sum tax system. The desire to KUJ strengthens the intergenerational regressivity (progressivity) of the optimal tax system. The optimal tax implications of the desire to KUJ are a key finding of this paper.

scholarly journals Demographic change and climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rauscher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Emission Target ◽  
Pollution Accumulation ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate Problem

AbstractThis paper uses a continuous-time overlapping-generations model with endogenous growth and pollution accumulation over time to study the link between longevity and global warming. It is seen that increasing longevity accelerates climate change in a business-as-usual scenario without climate policy. If a binding emission target is set exogenously and implemented via a cap-and-trade system, the price of emission permits is increasing in longevity. Longevity has no effect on the optimal solution of the climate problem if perfect intergenerational transfers are feasible. If these transfers are absent, the impact of longevity is ambiguous.

scholarly journals Misallocation and Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Balanced Growth Path ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Constant Growth

This paper models growth via on-the-job learning when firms and workers are heterogeneous. It is an overlapping generations model in which young agents match with the old. More efficient assignments lead to faster long-run growth, more inequality, and less turnover in the distribution of human capital. Constant-growth paths are characterized for general functional forms and then, for the Cobb-Douglas case, the transition dynamics are solved analytically when the skill of the young is log-normally distributed and the initial human capital of the old generation is also log-normal. Growth and inequality move together on the transition to the balanced growth path. ( JEL D83, J24, J31, J41)

scholarly journals The impact of green preferences on the relevance of history versus expectations

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-607
Author(s):  
Andreas Schaefer ◽  
Anna Stünzi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Stable Steady State ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Energy Taxes ◽  
Energy Tax ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn an overlapping generations model with multiple steady states, we analyse the impact of endogenous environmental policies on the relevance of history and expectations for the equilibrium selection. In a polluting regime, environmental preferences cause an increasing energy tax which raises the risk that the economy transitions to the inferior equilibrium under pessimistic expectations. However, higher environmental preferences imply an earlier switch to the clean energy regime. Then, the conflict between production and environmental preferences is resolved and the prospects of selecting the superior equilibrium improve, since positive expectations become more relevant. In an empirical analysis we find that people with environmental preferences tend to have more optimistic expectations about economic development. Using these findings to analyse the steady-state dynamics implies that agents with environmental preferences support higher energy taxes and switch to clean production more quickly. Due to their optimism, the likelihood of reaching the superior stable steady state increases.

scholarly journals External Habits Formation and the Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fatma Safi
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Competitive Equilibrium ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present paper presents a standard overlapping generations model with external habits formation and environmental quality in the utility function. Our main objective is to study the impact of external habits on capital accumulation and environmental quality on the intertemporal competitive equilibrium. We notice that striving for status leads to environment worsening and capital increasing when the cohort size is large.

scholarly journals THE BURDEN OF UNANTICIPATED INFLATION: ANALYSIS OF AN OVERLAPPING-GENERATIONS MODEL WITH PROGRESSIVE INCOME TAXATION AND STAGGERED PRICES

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhard Heer ◽  
Alfred Maußner
Keyword(s):  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Price Model ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Redistributive Effects ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation ◽  
Unanticipated Inflation

Inflation is often associated with a loss for the poor in the medium and long term. We study the short-run redistributive effects of unanticipated inflation in a dynamic optimizing sticky price model of the business cycle. Agents are heterogeneous with regard to their age and their productivity. We emphasize three channels of the effect of inflation on income distribution: (1) factor prices, (2) “bracket creep,” and (3) sticky pensions. Unanticipated inflation that is caused by monetary expansion is found to reduce income inequality. In particular, an increase of the money growth rate by one standard deviation results in a 1% drop of the Gini coefficient of disposable income if extra tax revenues are transferred lump-sum to the households.

scholarly journals AGING, THE GREAT MODERATION, AND BUSINESS-CYCLE VOLATILITY IN A LIFE-CYCLE MODEL

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhard Heer ◽  
Stefan Rohrbacher ◽  
Christian Scharrer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Output Volatility ◽  
Great Moderation ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shaped Pattern

According to empirical studies, the life cycle of labor supply volatility exhibits a U-shaped pattern. This may lead to the conclusion that demographic change induces a drop in output volatility. We present an overlapping-generations model that replicates the empirically observed pattern and study the impact of demographic transition on output volatility. We find that the change in age composition itself has only a marginal influence on output volatility, as the mitigating effect of more individuals with lower labor supply volatilities is compensated for by higher age-specific labor shares. Instead, the driving force behind the Great Moderation in our model is the downward shift of the age-specific labor supply volatility curve.

scholarly journals CAN EDUCATION BE GOOD FOR BOTH GROWTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT?

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Prieur ◽  
Thierry Bréchet
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Knowledge Growth ◽  
Balanced Growth Path

We develop an overlapping-generations model of growth and the environment in relation to public policy on education. Beyond the traditional mechanisms through which knowledge, growth, and the environment interplay, we stress the role played by education in environmental awareness. Assuming first that environmental awareness is constant, we show the existence of a balanced-growth path (BGP) along which environmental quality increases continually. Then, if education enhances environmental awareness, the equilibrium properties are modified: the economy can reach a steady state or converge to an asymptotic BGP. Therefore, education does not necessarily promote sustained and sustainable growth.

Optimal Monetary Policy in an Overlapping Generations Model with Search Theoretic Monetary Exchange

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji Hiraguchi
Keyword(s):  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Optimal Monetary Policy ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Friedman Rule ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Decentralized Markets ◽  
The Government ◽  
Decentralized Market ◽  
Specific Tax

AbstractIt is well-known that in the monetary OLG models, a deviation from the Friedman rule can improve welfare because it generates intergenerational wealth transfers; however, the rule becomes optimal if the age-specific lump-sum tax policy is available. We revisit the issue using a microfounded model of money with centralized and decentralized markets. The individuals live for two periods. The young individuals work, receive wage income and hold money and capital in the centralized market. They also trade goods in the decentralized markets either as a buyer or a seller. Only money is accepted as a means of payment in the decentralized markets. The old individuals consume all their wealth in the centralized market. The quantity in the decentralized market negatively depends on the seller’s wealth, because the marginal utility of consumption in the centralized market is diminishing, but the buyer takes it as exogenous. Therefore, the equilibrium wealth exceeds the socially optimal level under the Friedman rule. A positive nominal interest rate makes money holdings costly, reduces wealth and improves welfare, even if the government optimally uses the age-specific tax.

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