TI in the Institutional Scientific Productivity of Ecuador, Cuba and Colombia

Scientific production is one of the indicators of relevance to measure the efficiency in the institutional environment, which implies a development conditioned in all the sectors from the society to world level. In the same way, the technologies of the information (TI) represent a decisive element for their administration which has experienced a constant growth during the last decades similar to the consolidation of the university studies in the different areas of the knowledge and study modalities. The following article makes a reflection on the base of the concepts and tendencies of the scientific investigation and its linking with the technologies of the information. The production of the investigation was characterized in the countries of Ecuador, Cuba and Colombia, as well as the existent relationship among the investment in technologies of the information and the institutional productivity, which was performed with the analysis of bibliometric indicatives. As a result, it was set down the bases for the theoretical-practical deeping of the investigation. Also, it was verified that the investment in IT focused in articles and scientific magazines, contribute to a better knowledge in academic institutions and that the three countries develop policies to motivate this activity, being Colombia the one with more production in the last ten years, as well as the one that has had bigger expense in IT as percentage of the GDP, which is carried out mainly by the government; although the administration of the knowledge has a transcendental impact for the economic and social development of any country.

Crises in Agriculture

COVID-19 is a pandemic of the 21st century, a disease that shook the world and altered the lives of entire communities. Due to the enormous negative influence on the economy, it permanently alters the way an organization operates, leading businesses to develop crisis management techniques and implement new innovative practices. Agriculture is no exception. Given the sector's constant growth, which is not only due to population growth but also to continuous lifestyle changes, it is critical to implement recovery plans at the organizational and government levels. Thus, this chapter provides an overview of crisis management, including its key characteristics and framework; analyzes the importance of innovation in the agricultural sector; provides an overview of the agricultural sector; examines the impact of the pandemic on this sector and some recovery strategies; and examines the attitude of agricultural professionals toward the COVID-19 crisis.

THEORETICAL BASIS AND SCIENTIFIC VIEWS ON SELFMANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION

The changes that have taken place in the economy, politics, technology and innovation increase the requirements for management personnel, their professionalism, training and retraining. Organizations cannot take on the development of all the skills of all managers, so maintaining their constant growth and development becomes a necessity for managers and, in general, for any other person who wants to use their time efficiently and make it work. This should become a kind of habit, which is achieved by long work on yourself, the development of perseverance, as well as the ability to think rationally. Nowadays, selfmanagement and self-development of personnel are becoming a factor in the survival of the economy in market conditions, strengthening the position of management in various countries. The aim of the paper is to analyse various research studies in regard to selfmanagement and to give recommendations to improve it. The paper discusses the effective concepts and approaches of various scientists, shows the importance of self-government in work and daily life to achieve the desired success and helps to assess the effectiveness of selfgovernment at the global level. The research used the theoretical information of foreign scientists and Internet resources. The scientific research methods that were used in the research are as follows: literature analysis and synthesis, the monographic method, and content analysis.

Mapping science: tools for bibliometric and altmetric studies

Introduction. The study investigates whether online attention, carried out on social media or by video tutorials, affects the popularity of these tools in the research community. Method. We collected data from the Web of Science, Scopus, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, using web-scraping tools. Bibliometrics, altmetrics and webometrics were applied to process the data and to analyse Gephi, Sci2 Tool, VOSviewer, Pajek, CiteSpace and HistCite. Analysis. Statistical and network analyses, and YouTube analytics, were used. The tools’ interfaces were assessed in the preliminary stage of the comparison. The results were plotted on charts and graphs, and compared. Results. Social media and video tutorials had minimal influence on the popularity of different tools, as reflected by the number of papers within the Web of Science and Scopus where they featured. However, the small but constant growth of publications mentioning Gephi could be a result of Twitter promotion and a high number of video tutorials. The authors proposed four directions for further comparisons of science mapping software. Conclusions. This work shows that biblio- and scientometricians are not influenced by social media visibility or accessibility of video tutorials. Future research on this topic could focus on evaluating the tools, their features and usability, or the availability of workshops.

Estudio de las temáticas y contenidos de las tesis doctorales realizadas en España sobre Biomecánica Deportiva (Study of the themes and contents of the doctoral theses carried out in Spain on Sports Biomechanics)

El objeto del estudio es conocer y valorar la evolución de las temáticas y contenidos de las tesis doctorales que se han leído en España sobre Biomecánica Deportiva durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 1980 y 2019. La muestra está compuesta de 233 tesis después de un proceso de selección con el uso de criterios de inclusión/exclusión y términos de búsqueda específicos. Los resultados demuestran que existe un crecimiento progresivo en la producción de tesis doctorales a lo largo del tiempo con incrementos progresivos, especialmente en el tercer y cuarto periodo. Los campos temáticos con mayor número de tesis leídas son los de Biomecánica de Apoyo y de Biomecánica Aplicada. El campo de Biomecánica Básica resulta residual, con tres tesis leídas a lo largo del periodo investigado. En la Biomecánica de Apoyo, el subcampo más representado y con un crecimiento constante, es el del Área Médica, con 73 tesis leídas que representa el 68,2% del total del campo temático. En la Biomecánica Aplicada, los subcampos con más tesis leídas son los de Análisis de la Técnica Deportiva y de Análisis del Movimiento con 35 y 32 tesis leídas, respectivamente, sin que se observe un crecimiento constante a lo largo del tiempo. El campo de Biomecánica-Tecnologías es el tercero con un 10,7% de las tesis leídas. El término más utilizado en los títulos de las tesis es el de la “marcha” que se convierte en un tema transversal que ha sido abordado desde diferentes perspectivas científicas. Abstract: The purpose of the study is to know and assess the evolution of the themes and contents of the doctoral theses that have been read in Spain on Sports Biomechanics during the period between 1980 and 2019. The sample is made up of 233 theses after a selection process with the use of inclusion / exclusion criteria and specific search terms. The results show that there is a progressive growth in the production of doctoral theses over time with progressive increases, especially in the third and fourth periods. The thematic fields with the highest number of theses read are Support Biomechanics and Applied Biomechanics. The Basic Biomechanics field is a residual field with 3 theses read over time. In Support Biomechanics, the most represented subfield with constant growth is the Medical Area with 73 theses read, representing 68.2% of the total thematic field. In Applied Biomechanics, the subfields with the most theses read are the Analysis of Sports Technique and Analysis of Movement with 35 and 32 theses read, with no constant growth observed over time. The Biomechanics-Technologies field is the third with 10.7% of the theses read. The term most used in the thesis titles is "walking", which becomes a cross-cutting theme that has been approached from different scientific perspectives.

Determination of Main Spectral and Luminescent Characteristics of Winter Wheat Seeds Infected with Pathogenic Microflora

In connection with the constant growth of demand for high-quality food products, there is a need to develop effective methods for storing agricultural products, and the registration and predicting infection in the early stages. The studying of the physical properties of infected plants and seeds has fundamental importance for determining crop losses, conducting a survey of diseases, and assessing the effectiveness of their control (assessment of the resistance of crops and varieties, the effect of fungicides, etc.). Presently, photoluminescent methods for diagnosing seeds in the ultraviolet and visible ranges have not been studied. For research, seeds of winter wheat were selected, and were infected with one of the most common and dangerous diseases for plants—fusarium. The research of luminescence was carried out based on a hardware–software complex consisting of a multifunctional spectrofluorometer “Fluorat-02-Panorama”, a computer with software “Panorama Pro” installed, and an external camera for the samples under study. Spectra were obtained with a diagnostic range of winter wheat seeds of 220–400 nm. Based on the results obtained for winter wheat seeds, it is possible to further develop a method for determining the degree of fusarium infection.

Method of engineering calculation of recuperator parameters for heat extraction from tempered soybeans

In the conditions of constant growth of prices for consumed energy and competition in the domestic market, rural commodity producers have a problem to reduce energy costs, since they make up a significant share in the cost of agricultural products. There are particularly high energy costs in the heat treatment of meat and dairy products and grain. To reduce energy costs for thermal purposes, you can use the secondary heat extraction and its use in a specific technological process. To calculate the parameters of a heat recuperator that reuses heat energy from heat-treated soybeans, an engineering calculation method is presented.

Waste production and waste management in the EU

The constant growth of the population increases the demands on raw material resources, which is reflected in increasing pressure on the environment. The impact of mankind on the environment is nowadays an increasingly acute problem, which is being addressed by the governments of individual countries, not only the EU, through legislative interventions. The most addressed areas are the issue of production and subsequent waste management. Waste production in the world has been growing for a long time, which causes considerable problems for individual countries. Each country is currently looking for the optimal way of waste management to reuse it as secondary raw material. In this paper, we analysed twenty-eight EU countries in terms of production and waste management and found significant differences between countries. We looked for factors that lead to different results between countries in the production and management of waste, based on the population, the size of the country to the indicators of living standards, and legislation applicable to those countries.

Bibliometric analysis of cerebral palsy and oral health in PubMed (1956-2021)

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood, and as far as we know, there are no biometric studies that have evaluated CP and oral health (OH) on a global level. The aim of this study was to present the worldwide research trends in studies of OH in persons with CP, using bibliometric analysis. Through bibliographic information on publications about OH and CP was obtained in the PubMed database, from 1956 to 2021. The extracted data included periodical, title, year of publication, authors, citations, impact factor, key words, country, most cited publications, and study design. A total of 567 articles were published and indexed in PubMed up until 6/28/2021. The data showed a constant growth and an exponential increase in the number of publications. The articles were written in 17 different languages, and 232 (90.63%) articles were in English. Among the 111 Periodicals, Special Care in Dentistry contributed the most to scientific research with 30 articles (17.3%). Brazil (25%) and the United States (17.24%) were the countries with the highest number of publications. Observational studies were the most frequent types of articles (76.29%), followed by case reports (13.36%). It was concluded that this current network analysis indicates that although there is a significant growth in the number of publications about OH in persons with CP, it is important to increase the number of interventional randomized clinical trial studies, to include this population in high-impact oral health investigations around the world.

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Supports and Protocols for Enzyme Immobilization

The market for industrial enzymes has witnessed constant growth, which is currently around 7% a year, projected to reach $10.5 billion in 2024. Lipases are hydrolase enzymes naturally responsible for triglyceride hydrolysis. They are the most expansively used industrial biocatalysts, with wide application in a broad range of industries. However, these biocatalytic processes are usually limited by the low stability of the enzyme, the half-life time, and the processes required to solve these problems are complex and lack application feasibility at the industrial scale. Emerging technologies create new materials for enzyme carriers and sophisticate the well-known immobilization principles to produce more robust, eco-friendlier, and cheaper biocatalysts. Therefore, this review discusses the trending studies and industrial applications of the materials and protocols for lipase immobilization, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it summarizes the current challenges and potential alternatives for lipases at the industrial level.