Monolinguals and bilinguals respond differently to a delayed matching-to-sample task: An ERP study

AbstractPrevious research examining whether bilinguals exhibit enhanced working memory (WM) compared to monolinguals has yielded mixed results. This inconsistency may be due to lack of sensitivity in behavioral and neuropsychological measures. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of bilingualism on WM by focusing on brain activity patterns (event-related potentials) in monolinguals and bilinguals during a WM task. We recorded brain activity while participants (26 monolingual English speakers and 28 English–French bilinguals) performed a delayed matching-to-sample task. Although performance measures were similar, electrophysiological differences were present across groups. Bilinguals exhibited larger P3b amplitudes than monolinguals, and smaller negative slow wave and N2b amplitudes during retrieval. These results suggest that bilinguals may have more cognitive resources available in WM to allocate to task completion, and that task completion may be less effortful for bilinguals than for monolinguals.

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Recognition of stimulus received by recurrent neural network

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2094/3/032041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2094 (3) ◽

pp. 032041

Author(s):

S I Bartsev ◽

G M Markova

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Neural Activity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Matching To Sample ◽

Minimal Set ◽

Delayed Matching ◽

Delayed Matching To Sample ◽

Sample Test ◽

Stimulus Recognition

Abstract The study is concerned with the comparison of two methods for identification of stimulus received by artificial neural network using neural activity pattern that corresponds to the period of storing information about this stimulus in the working memory. We used simple recurrent neural networks learned to pass the delayed matching-to-sample test. Neural activity was detected at the period of pause between receiving stimuli. The analysis of neural excitation patterns showed that neural networks encoded variables that were relevant for the task during the delayed matching-to-sample test, and their activity patterns were dynamic. The method of centroids allowed identifying the type of the received stimuli with efficiency up to 75% while the method of neural network-based decoder showed 100% efficiency. In addition, this method was applied to determine the minimal set of neurons whose activity was the most significant for stimulus recognition.

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The influence of bilingualism on working memory event-related potentials

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728918000391 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 191-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

CASSANDRA MORRISON ◽

FAROOQ KAMAL ◽

VANESSA TALER

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Cognitive Resources ◽

Memory Event ◽

Related Potentials ◽

English Speaking ◽

Cognitively Demanding Tasks

Bilingualism has been found to enhance the ability to store and manipulate information in working memory (WM). However, previous studies of WM function in bilingualism have been limited to behavioural measures, leaving questions unanswered regarding the effects of bilingualism on neural mechanisms employed during WM tasks. We recorded brain activity (event-related potentials; ERPs) while participants (23 English-speaking and 21 English–French bilinguals) performed an n-back WM task. Accuracy and reaction time were similar across groups, but monolinguals exhibited smaller P300 amplitudes relative to bilinguals, suggesting that bilinguals have more cognitive resources available to complete cognitively demanding tasks.

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Monitoring brain activity of human subjects during delayed matching to sample tasks comparing verbal and pictorial stimuli with modal and cross-modal presentation: an event related potential study employing a source reconstruction method

Neuroscience Letters ◽

10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00637-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 253 (3) ◽

pp. 179-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christian Dobel ◽

Olaf Hauk ◽

Elvira Zobel ◽

Carsten Eulitz ◽

Friedemann Pulvermüller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Subjects ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Matching To Sample ◽

Reconstruction Method ◽

Source Reconstruction ◽

Delayed Matching ◽

Delayed Matching To Sample ◽

Pictorial Stimuli ◽

Potential Study

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Sex difference in correlation between cognitive style and brain activity during visual delayed matching to sample task in children

Neuroscience Research ◽

10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1700 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. e387-e388

Author(s):

Kohei Asano ◽

Yasuyuki Taki ◽

Hiroshi Hashizume ◽

Yuko Sassa ◽

Hikaru Takeuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Style ◽

Sex Difference ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Matching To Sample ◽

Delayed Matching ◽

Delayed Matching To Sample

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Different Influences of Negative and Neutral Emotional Interference on Working Memory in Trait Anxiety

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.570552 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Huifang Yang ◽

Junqing Li ◽

Xifu Zheng

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Matching To Sample ◽

Emotional Stimuli ◽

Positive Potential ◽

Emotional Interference ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Emotional Pictures

To examine the interaction of working memory (WM) type with emotional interference in trait anxiety, event-related potentials were measured in a combined WM and emotional task. Participants completed a delayed matching-to-sample task of WM, and emotional pictures were presented during the maintenance interval. The results indicated that negative affect interfered with spatial WM; task-related changes in amplitude were observed in the late positive potential (LPP) and slow waves in both the high and low anxiety groups. We also found an interaction among WM type, emotion, and trait anxiety such that participants with high levels of trait anxiety showed an opposite neural response to verbal and spatial WM tasks compared with individuals with low trait anxiety during the sustained brain activity involved in processing negative or neutral pictures in the delay phase. Our results increase our understanding of the influence of emotions on recognition and the vulnerability of those with trait anxiety to emotional stimuli.

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