Relationship between markers of inflammation and anaemia in children of Papua New Guinea

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association of the acute-phase protein biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), with anaemia in children aged 6–59·9 months in Papua New Guinea.DesignA nationally representative household-based cross-sectional survey of children aged 6–59·9 months was used to assess the relationships between various combinations of elevated CRP (>5 mg/l) and AGP (>1·2 g/l) with anaemia. Logistic regression was used to determine if other factors, such as age, sex, measures of anthropometry, region, urban/rural residence and household size, modified or confounded the acute-phase protein–anaemia association.SettingPapua New Guinea.SubjectsA total of 870 children aged 6–59·9 months from the 2005 Papua New Guinea National Micronutrient Survey were assessed.ResultsThe following prevalence estimates were found: anaemia 48 %; elevated CRP 32 %; and elevated AGP 33 %. Children with elevated CRP had a prevalence of anaemia of 66 % compared with children with normal CRP who had a prevalence of 40 %. Corresponding estimates for AGP were 61 % and 42 %, respectively. Similar results were found with combinations of elevated CRP and AGP. The higher prevalence of anaemia in children with elevated CRP and/or AGP was still present after controlling for confounders.ConclusionsElevated levels of CRP and AGP were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of anaemia in the children surveyed. There are no expert group recommendations on whether to or how to account for markers of inflammation in presenting results on anaemia prevalence. Additional research would be helpful to clarify this issue.

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Increase in the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum with kelch13 C580Y mutation and decline in pfcrt and pfmdr1 mutant alleles in Papua New Guinea

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-021-03933-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Naoko Yoshida ◽

Masato Yamauchi ◽

Ryosuke Morikawa ◽

Francis Hombhanje ◽

Toshihiro Mita

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

In The Wild ◽

Nationwide Surveillance ◽

Greater Mekong Subregion ◽

C580y Mutation

Abstract Background The C580Y mutation in the Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 gene is the most commonly observed variant in artemisinin-resistant isolates in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Until 2017, it had not been identified outside the GMS, except for Guyana/Amazonia. In 2017, three parasites carrying the C580Y mutation were identified in Papua New Guinea (PNG). As the C580Y allele rapidly spread in the GMS, there is concern that this mutant is now spreading in PNG. Methods In 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at two clinics in Wewak, PNG. Symptomatic patients infected with P. falciparum were treated with artemether plus lumefantrine following a national treatment policy. Blood samples were obtained before treatment, and polymorphisms in kelch13, pfcrt, and pfmdr1 were determined. Parasite positivity was examined on day 3. The results were compared with those of previous studies conducted in 2002, 2003, and 2016–2018. Results A total of 94 patients were included in this analysis. The proportion of C580Y was significantly increased (2.2% in 2017, 5.7% in 2018, and 6.4% in 2020; p = 4.2 × 10–3). A significant upward trend was observed in the wild-type proportion for pfcrt (1.9% in 2016 to 46.7% in 2020; p = 8.9 × 10–16) and pfmdr1 (59.5% in 2016 to 91.4% in 2020; p = 2.3 × 10–6). Among 27 patients successfully followed on day 3, including three with C580Y infections, none showed positive parasitaemia. Conclusions Under the conditions of significant increases in pfcrt K76 and pfmdr1 N86 alleles in PNG, the increase in kelch13 C580Y mutants may be a warning indicator of the emergence of parasites resistant to the currently used first-line treatment regimen of artemether plus lumefantrine. Therefore, nationwide surveillance of molecular markers for drug resistance and assessment of its therapeutic effects are important.

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Women's knowledge of maternal danger signs during pregnancy: Findings from a cross-sectional survey in Papua New Guinea

Midwifery ◽

10.1016/j.midw.2019.02.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 7-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

LM Vallely ◽

R Emori ◽

H Gouda ◽

S Phuanukoonnon ◽

CSE Homer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Danger Signs ◽

Women's Knowledge ◽

Women’S Knowledge

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Socio-economic status and behavioural and cardiovascular risk factors in Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional survey

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0211068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. e0211068 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Patricia Rarau ◽

Justin Pulford ◽

Hebe Gouda ◽

Suparat Phuanukoonon ◽

Chris Bullen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Economic Status ◽

New Guinea ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status

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Acute Phase Protein Levels, T. trichiura, and Maternal Education Are Predictors of Serum Zinc in a Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladeshi Children

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/136.8.2262 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 136 (8) ◽

pp. 2262-2268 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Katja Kongsbak ◽

Mohammed A. Wahed ◽

Henrik Friis ◽

Shakuntala H. Thilsted

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Acute Phase Protein ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Phase Protein

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Correction: Socio-economic status and behavioural and cardiovascular risk factors in Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional survey

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0212894 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. e0212894

Author(s):

Patricia Rarau ◽

Justin Pulford ◽

Hebe Gouda ◽

Suparat Phuanukoonnon ◽

Chris Bullen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Economic Status ◽

New Guinea ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status

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Stagnant Stunting Rate despite Rapid Economic Growth—An Analysis of Cross Sectional Survey Data of Undernutrition among Children under Five in Papua New Guinea

AIMS Public Health ◽

10.3934/publichealth.2016.1.25 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 25-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaohui Hou ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Survey Data ◽

New Guinea ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Rapid Economic Growth

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Increased in the Prevalence of Plasmodium Falciparum With Kelch13 C580Y Mutations and the Decline in pfcrt and pfmdr1 Mutant Alleles in Papua New Guinea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-655316/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Naoko Yoshida ◽

Masato Yamauchi ◽

Ryosuke Morikawa ◽

Francis Hombhanje ◽

Toshihiro Mita

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

National Treatment ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nationwide Surveillance ◽

Greater Mekong Subregion ◽

C580y Mutation

Abstract BackgroundThe C580Y mutation in Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 (pfk13) is the most commonly observed variant in artemisinin-resistant isolates in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Until 2017, it had not been identified outside GMS, except for Guyana. In 2017, we identified three parasites carrying the C580Y mutation in Papua New Guinea (PNG). As the C580Y allele rapidly spread in the GMS, there is concern that this mutant is now spreading in PNG. MethodsIn 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey at two clinics in Wewak, PNG. Symptomatic patients infected with P. falciparum were treated with artemether plus lumefantrine following a national treatment policy. Blood samples were obtained before treatment, and polymorphisms in pfk13, pfcrt, and pfmdr1 were determined. Parasite positivity was examined on day 3. ResultsA total of 94 patients were included in this analysis. The prevalence of C580Y was significantly increased (2.2% in 2017, 5.7% in 2018, and 6.4% in 2020; p = 4.2×10-3). A significant upward trend of wild-type prevalence was found for pfcrt (1.9% in 2016 to 46.7% in 2020; p = 8.9×10-16) and pfmdr1 (59.5% in 2016 to 91.4% in 2020; p = 2.3×10-6). Among 26 patients, including three with C580Y infections successfully followed on day 3, none showed positive parasitemia. ConclusionsUnder the conditions of significant increases in pfcrt K76 and pfmdr1 N86 alleles in PNG, the increase in pfk13 C580Y mutants may be a warning indicator of the emergence of parasites resistant to the currently used first-line treatment regimen of artemether plus lumefantrine. Therefore, nationwide surveillance of molecular markers for drug resistance and assessment of its therapeutic effect, are important.

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