scholarly journals Role of free school lunch in the associations between family-environmental factors and children's fruit and vegetable intake in four European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Ray ◽  
Eva Roos ◽  
Johannes Brug ◽  
Isabel Behrendt ◽  
Bettina Ehrenblad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
School Lunches ◽  
Free School ◽  
Family Routine

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether an association exists between different clusters of fruit- and vegetable-specific family-environmental factors and children's daily fruit and vegetable intake, and whether these associations differ between countries with different school lunch policies.DesignCross-sectional data from four European countries participating in the Pro Greens project in 2009. These countries have different school food policies: two serve free school lunches and two do not. Self-administered data were used. Food frequency questions served to assess fruit and vegetable intakes. The study assessed sixteen children-perceived family-environmental factors, which were clustered based on principal component analysis into five sum variables: fruit and vegetable encouragement; vegetable modelling, family routine and demand; fruit modelling; fruit and vegetable snacking practices; and fruit and vegetable allowing.SettingSchools in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands.SubjectsSchoolchildren aged 11 years (n3317).ResultsMultilevel logistic regression analyses revealed positive associations between nearly all clustered family-environmental factors and daily fruit and vegetable intake. The study tested a moderation effect between family-environmental factors and school lunch policy. In five out of twenty models significant interactions occurred. In the stratified analyses, most of the associations between family-environmental factors and raw and cooked vegetable intake were stronger in Germany and the Netherlands, neither of which provided free school lunches.ConclusionsChildren reporting more fruit- and vegetable-promoting family-environmental factors had a more frequent intake of fruits and vegetables; the associations were stronger for vegetable intakes in countries providing no free school lunches, suggesting that parental involvement is crucial when schools offer no vegetables.

Personal, Social and Environmental Factors regarding Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Schoolchildren in Nine European Countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Sandvik ◽  
Ilse de Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
Pernille Due ◽  
Johannes Brug ◽  
Marianne Wind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of a questionnaire to measure personal, social and environmental correlates of fruit and vegetable intake in 10–11-year-old children in five European countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
I De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
K-I Klepp ◽  
P Due ◽  
C Perez Rodrigo ◽  
MDV de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
General Self Efficacy

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the internal consistency of the scales and the test–retest reliability and predictive validity of behaviour theory-based constructs measuring personal, social and environmental correlates of fruit and vegetable intake in 10–11-year-old children.DesignTest–retest with one-week interval.SettingFive European countries: Norway, Spain, Denmark, Portugal, Belgium.SubjectsThree hundred and twenty-six children completed the questionnaire during class hours.ResultsFor the total sample across all countries, the test–retest reliability was good to very good (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.60) for 12 out of the 15 fruit constructs and also for 12 out of the 15 vegetable constructs. Acceptable ICCs, ranging between 0.50 and 0.59, were found for the remaining constructs. Test–retest reliability was comparable across countries. Only in Portugal were some significantly lower ICCs found for some constructs (knowledge and barriers related to fruit, general self-efficacy related to fruit and vegetables) compared with the other countries. Cronbach'sαvalues were moderate to high (range 0.52 to 0.89) with the exception of the general self-efficacy scale, which had a value below 0.50 for both fruit (α= 0.42) and vegetables (α= 0.49). Spearman correlations with intake ranged between -0.16 and 0.54 for personal determinants and between 0.05 and 0.38 for environmental determinants. Compared with other studies, predictive validity can be considered moderate to good.ConclusionsThe questionnaire provides a reliable, valid and easy-to-administer tool for assessing personal, social and environmental factors of potential influence on fruit and vegetable intake in 10–11-year-olds.

scholarly journals Association of plasma biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake with incident type 2 diabetes: EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study in eight European countries

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Sheng Zheng ◽  
Stephen J Sharp ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Rajiv Chowdhury ◽  
Thomas E Gundersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Objective To investigate the association of plasma vitamin C and carotenoids, as indicators of fruit and vegetable intake, with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Design Prospective case-cohort study. Setting Populations from eight European countries. Participants 9754 participants with incident type 2 diabetes, and a subcohort of 13 662 individuals from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort of 340 234 participants: EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study. Main outcome measure Incident type 2 diabetes. Results In a multivariable adjusted model, higher plasma vitamin C was associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio per standard deviation 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 0.89). A similar inverse association was shown for total carotenoids (hazard ratio per standard deviation 0.75, 0.68 to 0.82). A composite biomarker score (split into five equal groups), comprising vitamin C and individual carotenoids, was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes with hazard ratios 0.77, 0.66, 0.59, and 0.50 for groups 2-5 compared with group 1 (the lowest group). Self-reported median fruit and vegetable intake was 274 g/day, 396 g/day, and 508 g/day for participants in categories defined by groups 1, 3, and 5 of the composite biomarker score, respectively. One standard deviation difference in the composite biomarker score, equivalent to a 66 (95% confidence interval 61 to 71) g/day difference in total fruit and vegetable intake, was associated with a hazard ratio of 0.75 (0.67 to 0.83). This would be equivalent to an absolute risk reduction of 0.95 per 1000 person years of follow up if achieved across an entire population with the characteristics of the eight European countries included in this analysis. Conclusions These findings indicate an inverse association between plasma vitamin C, carotenoids, and their composite biomarker score, and incident type 2 diabetes in different European countries. These biomarkers are objective indicators of fruit and vegetable consumption, and suggest that diets rich in even modestly higher fruit and vegetable consumption could help to prevent development of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Sample of 11-Year-Old Children in 9 European Countries: The Pro Children Cross-Sectional Survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agneta Yngve ◽  
Alexandra Wolf ◽  
Eric Poortvliet ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽  
Johannes Brug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Comparison of packed school lunches of boys and girls in primary schools in East London

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jeanne Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
School Lunches ◽  
24 Hour Recall

Objective: To determine the contribution of packed school lunches to the daily food intake of girls and boys in two Primary Schools in East London. Methods: The study was conducted among 199 girls and boys aged 9-13 years. Three 24-Hour recalls and a Food Frequency Questionnaire were completed during an interview with the participants to gather data on dietary patterns over a period of three consecutive days. Additionally, the contents of one lunch box per participant were recorded and weighed. Anthropometrics and socio-demographics were also completed during the interview. Results: The three 24-Hour Recall nutrient measurements revealed a low energy intake in 91 percent for the girls and 77 percent for the boys who were consuming below the recommended Estimated Energy Requirement for energy. The lunchboxes contributed one-third of the daily nutrient intake of the children. The 24-Hour recall revealed an energy-dense, carbohydrate-based diet. The contribution of total fat (30-32%) to the total energy is higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of 15-30 percent. The daily fruit and vegetable intake (215.1g and 216.9g), according to the 24-Hour recall and lunchbox analysis respectively, was insufficient compared to the WHO-recommendation of >400g /day. Although the mean intake of most of the nutrients was sufficient, a large number of the participants did not meet requirements for the age group. The risk of overweight was high (24% for girls and 29.2% for boys) with 1.5 percent falling into the obese category. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated a high-fat and carbohydrate intake and a very low fruit and vegetable intake. The girl participants had better food choices for the lunchboxes but the majority of the participant’s daily intake did not meet the basic requirements of a balanced diet. The risk of overweight in the age category is an increasing problem among low- and high-income countries. Nutritional education should concentrate on healthy food choices in school lunchboxes as a large part of the day is spent at school.

Fruit and Vegetable Intake of Mothers of 11-Year-Old Children in Nine European Countries: The Pro Children Cross-Sectional Survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Wolf ◽  
Agneta Yngve ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽  
Eric Poortvliet ◽  
Bettina Ehrenblad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document