scholarly journals Comparison of packed school lunches of boys and girls in primary schools in East London

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jeanne Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
School Lunches ◽  
24 Hour Recall

Objective: To determine the contribution of packed school lunches to the daily food intake of girls and boys in two Primary Schools in East London. Methods: The study was conducted among 199 girls and boys aged 9-13 years. Three 24-Hour recalls and a Food Frequency Questionnaire were completed during an interview with the participants to gather data on dietary patterns over a period of three consecutive days. Additionally, the contents of one lunch box per participant were recorded and weighed. Anthropometrics and socio-demographics were also completed during the interview. Results: The three 24-Hour Recall nutrient measurements revealed a low energy intake in 91 percent for the girls and 77 percent for the boys who were consuming below the recommended Estimated Energy Requirement for energy. The lunchboxes contributed one-third of the daily nutrient intake of the children. The 24-Hour recall revealed an energy-dense, carbohydrate-based diet. The contribution of total fat (30-32%) to the total energy is higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of 15-30 percent. The daily fruit and vegetable intake (215.1g and 216.9g), according to the 24-Hour recall and lunchbox analysis respectively, was insufficient compared to the WHO-recommendation of >400g /day. Although the mean intake of most of the nutrients was sufficient, a large number of the participants did not meet requirements for the age group. The risk of overweight was high (24% for girls and 29.2% for boys) with 1.5 percent falling into the obese category. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated a high-fat and carbohydrate intake and a very low fruit and vegetable intake. The girl participants had better food choices for the lunchboxes but the majority of the participant’s daily intake did not meet the basic requirements of a balanced diet. The risk of overweight in the age category is an increasing problem among low- and high-income countries. Nutritional education should concentrate on healthy food choices in school lunchboxes as a large part of the day is spent at school.

scholarly journals Effect of a fruit and vegetable subscription in Danish schools

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Eriksen ◽  
Jóhanna Haraldsdóttir ◽  
Robert Pederson ◽  
Hanne Vig Flyger
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
School Day ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Design And Methods

AbstractObjective:To measure the effect of a school fruit and vegetable subscription on children's intake of fruit and vegetables after 5 weeks of intervention.Setting:Seven primary schools in Denmark.Design and methods: Intervention schools (n = 4) were offered a fruit and vegetable subscription comprising one piece per day. Control schools (n = 3) situated in another municipality were not offered the subscription. Intake of fruit and vegetables was measured at baseline and 5 weeks after the start of the subscription. Two methods were used for dietary assessment: a pre-coded 24-hour recall form including total food intake and a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including only fruit and vegetables.Subjects:Children aged 6–10 years (n = 804 from intervention schools and n = 689 from control schools). Response rate in the dietary assessment was 31%.Results:At intervention schools 45% of the children enrolled in the subscription. After 5 weeks of intervention, both subscribers and non-subscribers had increased their intake of fruit by 0.4 (P = 0.019) and 0.3 (P = 0.008) pieces per school day, respectively, but no change was observed in vegetable intake. Total intake increased only for non-subscribers by 0.4 piece/school day (P = 0.008), mainly due to the consistent increase in fruit intake. No change in intake was measured at control schools. Only the 24-hour recall questionnaire was sensitive enough to pick up the changes of the subscription, whereas the FFQ was not.Conclusion:Five weeks with the subscription affected both subscribers and non-subscribers to increase intake of fruit. This may indicate that the subscription had an additional effect of stimulating parents of non-subscribers to supply their children with fruit. The results stress the importance of evaluating the effect of this type of programme, and the carefulness needed in designing the evaluation study.

scholarly journals Trends and Dietary Assessment According to Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Korean Elderly People: Analysis Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998, 2008, and 2018

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Yong-Seok Kwon ◽  
Jihye Ryu ◽  
Yuyeong Yang ◽  
Yoo-Kyoung Park ◽  
Sohye Kim
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Korean Elderly

The study aimed to examine the 20-year trends in fruit and non-starch/unsalted vegetable intake among the Korean elderly aged 65 years or older based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. A total of 3722 elderly citizens aged 65 years or older who participated in the dietary survey (24-h recall of dietary intake) of the 1998, 2008, and 2018 NHANES were selected as the subjects of this study. Fruit and non-starchy/unsalted vegetable intake increased by approximately 86.53 g over the past 20 years, from 268.27 g in 1998 to 355.8 g in 2018. In particular, 65–74-year-olds had an increased intake by approximately 130.38 g over the past 20 years, from 277.34 g in 1998 to 407.72 g in 2018. In addition, snacks intake significantly increased over the past 20 years (p for trend < 0.001). Intake according to daily meal cooking location increased by approximately 130 g over the past 20 years, from 64.50 g in 1998 to 123.39 g in 2008, and to 198.01 g in 2018. The annual proportion of the total elderly population who meet the amount of vegetable food intake recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO)/World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) (400 g or more fruits and non-starchy vegetables) increased by approximately 11.28%p (percentage points) over the past 20 years, from 21.78% in 1998 to 24.63% in 2008, and to 33.06% in 2018. The results of this study suggest that more fundamental measures are required to increase the fruit and non-starchy vegetable intake among the elderly. Furthermore, it is thought that the results of this study can be used as basic data in establishing dietary policy. In addition, it is thought that it can be used in developing nutrition education and dietary guidelines for enhancing fruit and vegetable intake.

Abstract P059: The Association between Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Children

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jina Choo ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Hwami Yang ◽  
Suyeon Kim ◽  
In-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Dichotomous Variable ◽  
Obesity In Children

Purpose: Increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables is recommended for the prevention of childhood obesity. Obesity in children affects the liver, causing conditions such as elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Elevated ALT levels in obese children may be associated with features of metabolic syndrome. Yet empirical evidence on the association between fruit and vegetable intake and ALT levels in children has been lacking. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Participants were 115 children aged 6 to 12 years, who were recruited from community child care centers in a community of Seoul metropolitan area in South Korea. Eating and activity behaviors were obtained by questionnaire administration. ALT levels were analyzed as a dichotomous variable with normal vs. abnormal values (≥30 IU/dL in boys and ≥19 IU/dL in girls). According to body mass index (BMI) percentile, participants were categorized into a normal-weight group of below the 85 th percentile, an overweight group between the 85 th and <95 th percentiles, and an obese group at or above the 95 th percentile. Eating behaviors were assessed via daily intake of fruits and vegetables as a dichotomous variable of 7 days vs. <7 days per week, and frequent intake of fast foods and sweetened beverages as dichotomous variables of < 3 days vs. ≥3 days per week. Daily physical activity was assessed as a dichotomous variable of 7 days vs. < 7 days per week. A logistic regression analysis was performed with an outcome variable of abnormal ALT and a predictor variable of daily fruit and vegetable intake, after adjusting for age, sex, income, alcohol consumption, frequent intake of fast food, frequent beverage intake, daily activity, and obesity groups. Results: Participants were 53.0% female, with a mean age of 9.7 years and a mean BMI percentile of 49.4%. Of the total participants, 28.7% were overweight or obese, and 24.3% were in the abnormal range for ALT levels. In a multivariate-adjusted model, children with a daily intake of fruits and vegetables were significantly less likely to have abnormal ALT levels (odds ratio [OR]=0.27, p=.017). Moreover, the obese group was significantly more likely to have abnormal ALT levels than the normal-weight group (OR=9.6, p=.005). Conclusions: Among children aged 6 to 12 years, daily fruit and vegetable intake was significantly and inversely associated with abnormal ALT levels, even after adjusting for overall obesity levels. Moreover, obesity in children was significantly associated with abnormal ALT levels. Therefore, ALT levels may reflect healthy eating behavior, especially fruit and vegetable intake, and a risk for obesity in children.

scholarly journals Role of free school lunch in the associations between family-environmental factors and children's fruit and vegetable intake in four European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Ray ◽  
Eva Roos ◽  
Johannes Brug ◽  
Isabel Behrendt ◽  
Bettina Ehrenblad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
School Lunches ◽  
Free School ◽  
Family Routine

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether an association exists between different clusters of fruit- and vegetable-specific family-environmental factors and children's daily fruit and vegetable intake, and whether these associations differ between countries with different school lunch policies.DesignCross-sectional data from four European countries participating in the Pro Greens project in 2009. These countries have different school food policies: two serve free school lunches and two do not. Self-administered data were used. Food frequency questions served to assess fruit and vegetable intakes. The study assessed sixteen children-perceived family-environmental factors, which were clustered based on principal component analysis into five sum variables: fruit and vegetable encouragement; vegetable modelling, family routine and demand; fruit modelling; fruit and vegetable snacking practices; and fruit and vegetable allowing.SettingSchools in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands.SubjectsSchoolchildren aged 11 years (n3317).ResultsMultilevel logistic regression analyses revealed positive associations between nearly all clustered family-environmental factors and daily fruit and vegetable intake. The study tested a moderation effect between family-environmental factors and school lunch policy. In five out of twenty models significant interactions occurred. In the stratified analyses, most of the associations between family-environmental factors and raw and cooked vegetable intake were stronger in Germany and the Netherlands, neither of which provided free school lunches.ConclusionsChildren reporting more fruit- and vegetable-promoting family-environmental factors had a more frequent intake of fruits and vegetables; the associations were stronger for vegetable intakes in countries providing no free school lunches, suggesting that parental involvement is crucial when schools offer no vegetables.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the fruit and vegetable intake in Nepal and its association with history of self-reported major cardiovascular events

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajama Nepali ◽  
Anupa Rijal ◽  
Michael Hecht Olsen ◽  
Craig S. McLachlan ◽  
Per Kallestrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The World Health Organization recommends consumption of a minimum of 400 g of fruits and vegetables per day for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Low fruit and vegetable intake is associated with an increased risk of stroke by 11% and ischemic heart disease by 31%. The present study aims to explore factors affecting the fruit and vegetable intake in Nepal and its association with history of self-reported major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction and stroke). Method Data for this cross-sectional study were collected as part of the study “Community Based Management of Hypertension in Nepal” initiated in the Lekhnath Municipality in 2013. Demographic and nutrition information were collected using the WHO STEPwise approach to a surveillance tool. Descriptive statistics identified the frequency and percentage of fruit and vegetable intake. A Chi-square test examined the association between fruit and vegetable intake and history of self-reported cardiovascular events, socio-demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Binary logistic regression analysis identified odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals between fruit and vegetable intake and history of self-reported cardiovascular events. Results The mean and median intake of fruits and vegetables were 3.3 ± 0.79 and 3 servings respectively. Of the 2815 respondents, 2% (59) reported having a history of major cardiovascular events. The adjusted odds of having a history of major cardiovascular events was 2.22 (95%CI, 1.06–4.66) for those who consumed < 3 servings compared to those who consumed ≥3 servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Conclusion The respondents who consumed < 3 servings of fruits and vegetables a day had higher odds of a history of major cardiovascular events in comparison to those who consumed ≥3 servings. This finding may carry a policy recommendation for those settings where the current recommendation of having ≥5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day is not possible. Our findings also suggest that surviving a major cardiovascular event was not enough in itself to modify nutritional intake. As many Nepali consumes low amount of fruits and vegetables, appropriate measures should be taken to increase this consumption to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Criterion validity and user acceptability of a CD-ROM-mediated food record for measuring fruit and vegetable consumption among black adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Di Noia ◽  
Isobel R Contento
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
User Acceptability

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the criterion validity and user acceptability of the Healthy Eating Self-Monitoring Tool (HEST), a CD-ROM-mediated food record for measuring fruit and vegetable consumption among economically disadvantaged black adolescents.DesignItem intakes, daily intake measures of fruit, vegetables and juices, and daily and total fruit and vegetable intake assessed with the HEST over a 3 d interval were compared with observed intake using Spearman correlations and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests. Mean ratings of participants’ interest in, enjoyment of and likelihood of recommending the HEST to peers were compared with an a priori criterion rating for establishing user acceptability of the HEST.SettingYouth services agencies in New York City.SubjectsEighty-nine black adolescents aged 11 to 14 years.ResultsSpearman correlations were significant for 67 % of items, for daily intake measures of fruit (days 1 and 3), vegetables and juices (days 1 and 2), and for fruit and vegetable intake (all three days). Wilcoxon signed ranks tests found non-significant intake differences for 78 % of these items, for daily intake measures of fruit and vegetables, and for fruit and vegetable intake (days 2 and 3). HEST-recorded 3 d intake of 14·65 servings was significantly correlated with and did not differ significantly from observed 3 d intake of 15·21 servings. Youths’ HEST-recorded intake was accurate to within 0·56 of a serving of their observed intake. Mean ratings of the HEST were above the criterion rating across user acceptability dimensions assessed.ConclusionsThe HEST is a promising food record approach that is acceptable to youths.

scholarly journals Was There a Relationship Between Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mental Health of College Students During COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 243-243
Author(s):  
Kelly Parker ◽  
Annika Rotvold ◽  
Kerrie Honrath ◽  
Yeong Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Daily Number

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between average daily intake of fruits and vegetables and mental health in college students as measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Methods A survey was developed to assess college students’ fruit and vegetable intake and recent mental health using the Eating at America's Table Food Frequency Questionnaire (EAT) and the DASS-21. The survey was administered via Qualtrics in the initial three months after lockdown began due to COVID-19 in the area. Trained researchers coded the DASS-21 for the presence and level of depression, anxiety, and stress. The EAT was used to calculate the average number of fruits and vegetables consumed daily by each student by calculating the total number of cups of each fruit and vegetable as counted by the USDA MyPlate tool. Pearson's correlations were run between the average daily number of fruits and vegetables consumed and the severity score for depression, anxiety, and stress to determine whether relationships existed between the variables of interest. Results One hundred ninety-six students responded to the survey. Students were an average of 21.7 years of age (std dev. 4.4 years), mostly female (54.7%), freshmen (30.1%), who were enrolled full-time (69.3%). Most students identified as single (65.2%), and not in a relationship (35.6%), and as living off-campus (34.8%). Pearson's correlations revealed a slight relationship between average daily number of fruits and average daily number of vegetables consumed (r = 0.374, P &lt; 0.01). There was no significant relationship between either fruit or vegetable consumption and any of the mental health variables. There was, however, a moderate to strong relationship between depression and anxiety (r = 0.480, P &lt; 0.01) or stress (r = 0.686, P &lt; 0.01) and anxiety and stress (r = 0.627, P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions College students’ mental health at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown was not related to their daily fruit and vegetable intake. Funding Sources N/A

scholarly journals The fruit and vegetable intake of young Australian adults: a population perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2499-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Nour ◽  
Zhixian Sui ◽  
Amanda Grech ◽  
Anna Rangan ◽  
Kevin McGeechan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo examine intakes and variety of fruit and vegetables consumed by Australian young adults, also assessing differences by meal occasion and sociodemographic characteristics.DesignSecondary analysis of cross-sectional 24 h recall data collected through the 2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Crude means and proportions consuming fruits and vegetables were calculated. Pearsonχ2tests, Kruskal–Wallis analyses and linear regression models were used to assess differences in mean intakes by age, BMI and sociodemographic variables. The variety eaten was determined based on the number of fruit and vegetable subgroups consumed.SettingRepresentative sample of metropolitan and rural areas across Australia.SubjectsRespondents aged 18–34 years were included (n2397).ResultsMean daily intake of fruit (128 g/0·9 servings) and vegetables (205 g/2·7 servings) was lower than the minimum recommended intake set at 2 and 5 servings, respectively. Age was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (P=0·002,P&lt;0·001), with 18–24-year-olds reporting the poorest vegetable variety compared with 25–29- and 30–34-year-olds (P=0·002). When controlling for total energy, males consumed less vegetables than females (P=0·002). A large proportion of the 15 % of respondents who consumed adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables on the day prior to the survey reported intake across all meal occasions (P&lt;0·001).ConclusionsFruit and vegetable intake is suboptimal among Australian young adults. An age-appropriate campaign is recommended to target increased consumption, particularly for those aged 18–24 years, with opportunity to promote increased variety and consumption across the day.

A Short Dutch Questionnaire to Measure Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Relative Validity Among Adults and Adolescents

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Van Assema ◽  
Johannes Brug ◽  
Gaby Ronda ◽  
Ingrid Steenhuis ◽  
Anke Oenema
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Diet Records ◽  
Valid Assessment

A short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake was validated. Forty-nine adults and fifty-one adolescents (12–18 years old) completed the FFQ at home, and subsequently kept diet records for seven successive days. Mean daily intake of F&V was overestimated by the FFQ as compared to the 7-day diet records. for adults, spearman correlations of at least 0.5 were observed between the two methods for intake of total fruit and intake of citrus fruit. For adolescents, acceptable spearman correlations (0.53–0.64) were observed between the two methods for total F&V intake, total fruit intake and consumption of fruit juice. Low correlations (0.22–0.35) between the FFQ and the diet records were found for vegetable intake. Relatively large percentages (22–37%) of respondents were incorrectly classified by the short FFQ as eating according to the Dutch recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake. Based on the results of the present study as well as an overview of the results of 34 earlier validation studies of F&V FFQ's, it is concluded that the available FFQ's have only limited capability to make valid assessment of F&V intake levels. In spite of the practical advantages of the short FFQ tested in the present study and the :similar validity scores as compared with other often used F&V FFQ's, it needs further revision, especially to be used for valid measurement of vegetable intake as well as total F&V intake among adults.

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