scholarly journals A cross-sectional study using the Childhood Measurement Programme for Wales to examine population-level risk factors associated with childhood obesity

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Claire Beynon ◽  
Nora Pashayan ◽  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Dougal S Hargreaves ◽  
Linda Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Outlets

Abstract Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between childhood obesity and modifiable population-level risk factors, after accounting for deprivation. Design: A review of the literature identified population-level risk factors including a healthy childcare setting, the local food environment, accessible open space, community safety and crime. Data for these risk factors were then identified and matched by each of the twenty-two local government areas in Wales to each child that had data on height and weight in the Wales Childhood Measurement Programme (CMP) (2012–2017). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associations with childhood obesity. Setting: The current study was undertaken in Wales, UK, where approximately one in eight 4–5-year-olds are classified as obese. Participants: All participants were children aged 4 or 5 years who attend school, measured as part of the CMP, between 2012 and 2017 (n 129 893, mean age 5·0 (sd 0·4) years). Results: After adjusting for deprivation, small but statistically significant associations were found between childhood obesity and percentage of land available as accessible open space OR 0·981 (95 % CI: 0·973, 0·989) P < 0·001) and density of fast food outlets OR 1·002 (95 % CI 1·001, 1·004, P = 0·001). No other population-level risk factors were associated with childhood obesity. Conclusions: The current study indicates that, even after accounting for deprivation, risk factors such as the density of fast food outlets and access to green space should be considered when tackling childhood obesity as a public health issue.

scholarly journals Erratic Behavioral Attitude Leads to Noncommunicable Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Arif Habib ◽  
Mohammad Mahtab Alam ◽  
Izhar Hussain ◽  
Nazim Nasir ◽  
Musa Almuthebi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inadequate Sleep

Background. The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Arab world has reached an alarming level. Behavioral risk factors including consumption of fast food, inadequate sleep, and skipping meals are pervasive. This study aims at establishing the association between NCDs and modernized behavioral risk factors among populations. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1070 respondents who were 18 years old. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire with the help of the WHO STEPS approach with some modifications regarding NCD risk factors. Results. 30% of respondents had cardiovascular diseases (CVD) followed by respiratory diseases (23%) and diabetes (3%) while the habit of smoking was found among 52% of respondents followed by physical inactivity (49%), skipping meals (24%), and inadequate sleep (30%). Consumption of fast food was found to be a significant risk factor for obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.50, 4.92]), CVD (OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.20, 1.94]), and respiratory disease (OR = 2.13, 95% CI [1.58, 2.86]). Significant linkages were found between CVD and smoking (OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.54, 0.88]), diet pattern (OR = 1.86, 95% CI [1.44, 2.39]), fast food (OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.20, 1.94]), and sleep hours (OR = 0.57, 95% CI [0.42, 0.79]). Conclusions. Undesirable behavioral risk factors pose a considerable threat to public health with a high prevalence rate of NCDs. Reducing the NCD burden and promoting healthy lifestyle formation of suitable strategies and their smooth implementation is the need of the hour.

Prevalence of childhood obesity in a northeastern Ontario city--a cross-sectional study

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyez Haque ◽  
Alberto de la Rocha ◽  
Betty Ann Horbul ◽  
Patricia Desroches ◽  
Craig Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

PRRSV: Risikofaktoren und Herdenprävalenz in Deutschland

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sebastian Ganz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Klinische Symptome

Nathues C, Janssen E, Duengelhoef A et al. Cross-sectional study on risk factors for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus sow herd instability in German breeding herds. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60 (1): 1–8 In mit PRRSV (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrom Virus) infizierten Schweinebeständen zeigen die Tiere oftmals ernsthafte klinische Symptome. Die Schwere der Symptomatik hängt von der Virulenz der jeweiligen Virusstämme ab. Deshalb ist die Impfung gegen diesen Erreger sinnvoll und wird empfohlen, auch wenn sie nicht immer klinische Fälle verhindert bzw. das Virus vollends eliminiert. Aufgrund dessen rückt die Prävention durch Verbesserung der innerbetrieblichen Abläufe zunehmend in den Fokus. Um solche Maßnahmen erfolgreich etablieren zu können, ist es wichtig, den epidemiologischen Status der Herde und mögliche Risikofaktoren zu kennen. Ziel der Studie war deshalb, die Prävalenz der Infektion in Sauenbetrieben in Norddeutschland zu eruieren und verschiedene Arbeitsabläufe hinsichtlich des Risikos der Erregerverbreitung zu untersuchen.

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