Odd deposits and average practice. A critical history of the concept of structured deposition

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Garrow
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Ritual Action ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper presents a critical history of the concept of ‘structured deposition’. It examines the long-term development of this idea in archaeology, from its origins in the early 1980s through to the present day, looking at how it has been moulded and transformed. On the basis of this historical account, a number of problems are identified with the way that ‘structured deposition’ has generally been conceptualized and applied. It is suggested that the range of deposits described under a single banner as being ‘structured’ is unhelpfully broad, and that archaeologists have been too willing to view material culture patterning as intentionally produced – the result of symbolic or ritual action. It is also argued that the material signatures of ‘everyday’ practice have been undertheorized and all too often ignored. Ultimately, it is suggested that if we are ever to understand fully the archaeological signatures of past practice, it is vital to consider the ‘everyday’ as well as the ‘ritual’ processes which lie behind the patterns we uncover in the ground.

The Everyday Practice of Information

2011 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Andrew Wenn
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Conference Paper ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses the nature of information, the way it appears in everyday life. However, the way information is presented and discussed in this chapter is also a little unconventional in that it uses rather a large amount of interview and other document transcripts (in Times italic font). The interview texts are largely unedited because I want to retain some of the flavour of the conversations that took place. Moreover, the limits of a conventional conference chapter are pushed even further because the text is also littered with comments from several other voices (represented in a sans serif font). Doing so allows a degree of reflexivity, albeit in the limited format of a conference paper, where we can explore things contained within the text that directly relate to the topic (Woolgar & Ashmore, 1991).

FROM LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF SEASONAL HUNGER TO CHANGING EXPERIENCES OF EVERYDAY POVERTY: NORTHEASTERN GHANA C. 1930–2000

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÉRÔME DESTOMBES
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
West African ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
John Hunter ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Way

This article is a West African case-study of the nutritional history of everyday poverty. It draws on unusually rich statistical evidence collected in northeastern Ghana. In the 1930s, pioneer colonial surveys revealed that seasonal poor diet was pervasive, by contrast with undernourishment. They pave the way for constructing a new set of anthropometric data in Nangodi, a savanna polity where John Hunter completed a classic study of seasonal hunger in the 1960s. A re-survey of the same sections and lineages c. 2000, during a full agricultural cycle, shows a significant improvement in nutritional statuses, notably for women.

HOW THE STOICS BECAME ATHEISTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER BROOKE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Critical History ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ralph Cudworth ◽  
The Way

In the middle of the seventeenth century, scholarship on ancient Stoicism generally understood it to be a form of theism. By the middle of the eighteenth century, Stoicism was widely (though not universally) reckoned a variety of atheism, both by its critics and by those more favourably disposed to its claims. This article describes this transition, the catalyst for which was the controversy surrounding Spinoza's philosophy, and which was shaped above all by contemporary transformations in the historiography of philosophy. Particular attention is paid to the roles in this story played by Thomas Gataker, Ralph Cudworth, J. F. Buddeus, Jean Barbeyrac, and J. L. Mosheim, whose contributions collectively helped to shape the way in which Stoicism was presented in two of the leading reference works of the Enlightenment, J. J. Brucker's Critical History of Philosophy and the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert.

Radical Parliamentarians and the English Civil War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Como
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Charles I ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Press ◽  
King Charles I ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This book charts the way the English Civil War of the 1640s mutated into a revolution (paving the way for the later execution of King Charles I and the abolition of the monarchy). Focusing on parliament’s most militant supporters, the book reconstructs the origins and nature of the most radical forms of political and religious agitation that erupted during the war, tracing the process by which these forms gradually spread and gained broader acceptance. Drawing on a wide range of manuscript and print sources, the study situates these developments within a revised narrative of the period, revealing the emergence of new practices and structures for the conduct of politics. In the process, the book illuminates the appearance of many of the period’s strikingly novel intellectual currents, including ideas and practices we today associate with western representative democracy—notions of retained natural rights, religious toleration, freedom of the press, and freedom from arbitrary imprisonment. The book also chronicles the way the civil war shattered English Protestantism—leaving behind myriad competing groupings, including congregationalists, baptists, antinomians, and others—while examining the relationship between this religious fragmentation and political change. Finally, the book traces the gradual appearance of openly anti-monarchical, republican sentiment among parliament’s supporters. Radical Parliamentarians provides a new history of the English Civil War, enhancing our understanding of the dramatic events of the 1640s, and shedding light on the long-term political and religious consequences of the conflict.

The PCC

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Prison Life ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

This chapter presents a short and fairly standard history of the First Command of Capital (Primeiro Comando da Capital - PCC) and the individuals and spaces that will follow in successive chapters. Some official characteristics of the penitentiary system in São Paulo, Brazil, are intertwined with the everyday operation of the prisons and its informal (although sometimes official) aspects. This chapter introduces the way inmates rules are taught and learned by the prisoners, in order to absorb everyday practices and come to understand the importance and the central characteristics of the PCC. Biondi focuses on how to practice equality and humility without confusing it with weakness, and how it is coherent with the ideals of the PCC. The knowledge produced in these practices constitutes trul theories of prison life, and the specialists in these theories are invited to join the PCC.

Holistic Houses and a Sense of Place

Museum Worlds ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Author(s):  
Jennifer G. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Initial Location ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the process of refinding the initial location of the Bishop Museum’s hale pili (Hawaiian pole and thatch house) and an archaeological investigation of the site’s surface architecture, use of space, and subsurface activities. The study touches upon themes relevant to representations of culture and place in museum exhibits, analysis of existing museum collections to holistically interpret material culture, and the history of anthropological collecting. The hale pili represents a “hybrid” form, with elements of precontact Hawaiian folk housing and European concepts introduced in the postcontact period. This problematizes the notion of “traditional” when used in relation to indigenous cultures in settler societies and the practice of exhibiting unique examples of “authentic” housing in isolation. Such analyses increase our interpretive abilities for museum collections and exhibits in the long term, particularly in reunifying folk housing and other material culture with location, a sense of place, and locale.

Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Real ◽  
Initial Deviation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Counterfactual History ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Way

This reply to the critiques by Daniel Woolf, Cass R. Sunstein and Daniel Nolan of my book Altered Pasts: Counterfactuals in History (Brandeis University Press, 2013), takes each of their contributions in turn, and reasserts the centrality to counterfactual history of positing definite, long term alternative timelines rather than a vague claim that things might have turned out differently to the way they actually did (for example, if the Confederacy had won the Civil War, slavery might still exist in the usa). Such alternate timelines have no claim to either truth or utility since they ignore the many possible contingencies that would most likely have taken place following the initial deviation from the real timeline of history.

Between Protection and Repression: A Short History of Juvenile Policing in the Netherlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon van de Riet ◽  
Wim Bernasco ◽  
Peter van der Laan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Short History ◽  
Minimal Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The police in the Netherlands have traditionally been characterised by restraint when dealing with cases involving minors. However, this policy of minimal intervention appears to be waning in recent years. This shift from welfare to justice seems to be in line with the developments in other European countries. This article comments on this development by framing it in the long-term history of juvenile policing in the Netherlands. It describes the founding and development of the Juvenile Police as an organisation, and sketches the parallel changes in juvenile policing that occurred during the twentieth century. The organisation of juvenile policing has changed considerably over time with a visible tendency away from welfare oriented policing. As such, restraint and minimal intervention may no longer characterise the way Dutch police handle juvenile offenders.

Towards a fire history of European cities (late Middle Ages to late nineteenth century)

Urban History ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-224
Author(s):  
DAVID GARRIOCH
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT:Fires are often seen as a constant in early modern European towns, changing only in the modern era when inflammable building materials replaced wood. This article argues that the incidence, nature and risk of fire shifted repeatedly over time. Fire danger was determined not only by building materials but also by forms of construction, by the everyday uses people made of flame and by wider factors such as climatic variation and shifts in world trade and consumer demand. It was influenced by urban social and political change, including the way governments and populations responded to the risk. Responses to new fire dangers in turn helped change the way urban government functioned.

scholarly journals First Russian Cyclists and Their Bicycles: Images in Literature and in Cinema

2021 ◽  
pp. 466-493
Author(s):  
L.I. Saraskina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Russian Cinema ◽  
The Way

The paper, first, recapitulates the centuries-long history of designing and developing bicycles; in this history, inventors from many countries have taken part. As a result of the evolution of this wheeled transport, bicycles have become the most popular vehicles in cities as well as in villages; in many countries cycling has become the way of life. But, at the beginning, it was quite a problem to get accustomed to the sight of “riders on wheels”, especially if they were women. In capitals and in provincial towns, perceptions were quite different. The Russian cinema has documented the stages of introducing bicycles into the everyday life of the country, from the 1860s up to 1895. The feature films A Few Days from the Life of I.I. Oblomov (1979), The House of the Dead (1932), Man in a Shell (1939), as well as the retro-serial Anna, the Detective (2016–2020) have shown, with more or less details, how this and other European innovations were domesticated in Russia.

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