Critical Role of EMPA in Discovery of a New Lunar Mineral

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
M. G. Snow ◽  
D. T. Vaniman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Bulk Chemical ◽  
The University

Natural rock-forming minerals and many synthetic materials have traditionally been characterized by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). However, recent advances in technology have created attractive alternatives to EMPA that focus instead on bulk chemistry and high-resolution surface studies. The purpose of this abstract is to demonstrate the continued usefulness of careful electron microprobe analysis as part of a well-coordinated analytical study. To this end, a brief summary is presented of the role the electron microprobe played in the recent discovery of yoshiokaite, a new Ca, Al-silicate mineral and one of only three new minerals discovered on the Moon.[l]Regolith breccias returned by several Apollo missions were subjected to extensive bulk chemical studies at the University of California, Los A n geles.[2] These bulk chemical studies focused particularly on key trace elements that might identify exotic regolith breccias.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Malignant Cell Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. I. Johnsson-Hegyeli ◽  
A. F. Hegyeli ◽  
D. K. Landstrom ◽  
W. C. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Interference Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Last year we reported on the use of reflected light interference microscopy (RLIM) for the direct color photography of the surfaces of living normal and malignant cell cultures without the use of replicas, fixatives, or stains. The surface topography of living cells was found to follow underlying cellular structures such as nuceloli, nuclear membranes, and cytoplasmic organelles, making possible the study of their three-dimensional relationships in time. The technique makes possible the direct examination of cells grown on opaque as well as transparent surfaces. The successful in situ electron microprobe analysis of the elemental composition and distribution within single tissue culture cells was also reported.This paper deals with the parallel and combined use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the two previous techniques in a study of living and fixed cancer cells. All three studies can be carried out consecutively on the same experimental specimens without disturbing the cells or their structural relationships to each other and the surface on which they are grown. KB carcinoma cells were grown on glass coverslips in closed Leighto tubes as previously described. The cultures were photographed alive by means of RLIM, then fixed with a fixative modified from Sabatini, et al (1963).

Archaeometry of medieval Islamic glazed ceramics from North Yemen

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Hallett ◽  
Michael Thompson ◽  
Edward J. Keall ◽  
Robert B. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Safety Limit ◽  
Cobalt Blue

Microscopic examination and electron microprobe analysis were employed to determine the materials and techniques used to decorate ten glazed types of medieval Islamic ceramics from North Yemen. Eight types were underglaze-painted, one was slip-painted, and one was monochrome glazed. The glazes were of two compositions, soda–silica and lead oxide – silica with annealing temperatures of approximately 835 and 640 °C, respectively. The colourants used in the glazes and paints were cobalt (blue), iron (green), copper (green and blue), and antimony (yellow). Where clay slips or slip-paints were present, alumina enrichment of the glaze had occurred during application or firing, and pigment-paints on top of slip grounds masked enrichment. The Mellor ratio for the lead glazes ranges from 0.68 to 0.74 and is well above the acceptable safety limit of 0.5.

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